Abstract: A combustion/pyrolization system for generating at least one of char and biochar comprising an upper base frame supporting a combustion/pyrolization housing, and the combustion/pyrolization housing having both an open top end and an open bottom end. A char collection bin defining a collection chamber therein and a perforated grate normally covering the open top end of the char collection bin. The perforated grate being sized so as to permit desired sized char and/or biochar to pass therethrough into the collection chamber. The open bottom end of the combustion/pyrolization housing of the upper base frame is movable into an engaged position where the combustion/pyrolization housing partially receives and surrounds the perforated grate and defines a combustion/pyrolization chamber for receiving and consuming feed material. The upper base frame is movable out of engagement with the perforated grate to facilitate movement of the perforated grate and removal of the generated char and/or biochar.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to flame shapers for use in gas burners, gas burner systems, and methods for operating gas burner systems. Flame shaper embodiments include an opening having an unobstructed center, and turning vanes that extend from the perimeter of the opening towards its center. The turning vanes are configured to induce swirling in an ignited flame. Burner systems include an ignition source, the flame shaper, and a heat exchanger. In method embodiments, a flame is formed by igniting fuel and air, the flame is directed through the flame shaper, and the flame is then directed into a heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for heating an end section of a plastic pipe (1) to prepare for the formation of a sleeve on the plastic pipe, such that the end section can be heated to the deformation temperature of the plastic pipe or even higher by heating on the exterior by means of external heating jaws (2, 3) and on the interior by means of a heating mandrel (4) that can be inserted from the end into the plastic pipe (1).

Abstract: A method of reconditioning barrels previously used in the storage of alcoholic beverages is disclosed. In particular, the barrels are exposed to heat at a controlled temperature well below the ignition point of wood in order to toast them in a manner favored by vintners and distillers. Apparatus for this controlled toasting process is disclosed. In addition, apparatus for the removal of a layer of wood from the inside of the barrels prior to toasting is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gas preheater (10) that includes an exit plate (20) having first and second sides (22, 24) and a plurality of through holes (26) and at least one body (34) mounted adjacent the first side (22), the at least one body (34) having a first end (36) and a second end (38), the second end (38) located between the body first end (36) and the exit plate first side (22), at least one sidewall (40) connecting the first and second ends (36, 38), a body opening (42) in the first end (36) extending into the body (34) and defining a body inner wall (44), and a plurality of passages (46) extending between the at least one sidewall (40) and the body inner wall (44).

Abstract: A gas preheater (10) includes an entrance plate (12) having a first side (14), a second side (16), at least one opening (18) connecting the first side (14) and the second side (16), and a plurality of walls (19) on the second side (16) having tops (21) spaced from the second side (16), the walls (19) defining at least one circuitous pathway (22e, 22f, 22g, 22h) on the second side (16) beginning at the at least one opening (18), and a diffuser plate (40) having a first side and a second side and a plurality of holes (42) between the first side and the second side, the diffuser plate first side defining with the entrance plate second side (16) and the plurality of walls (19) at least one circuitous passage along the at least one circuitous pathway (22e, 22f, 22g, 22h), the at least one circuitous pathway having a first portion (22e1) leading from the at least one opening (18) and a second portion (22e2) spaced from the at least one opening (18), wherein the holes (42) in the diffuser plate (40) overlie the circ

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for toasting a barrel, in particular, toasting the inside surface of an oak wine barrel. The invention is intended for use in a mobile wine barrel reconditioning system, however, may equally well be used in the manufacture of new barrels. The toasting apparatus includes a plurality of radially disposed infrared heating elements configured to be insertable and removable from inside said barrel, and a means of rotatably oscillating said heating means by a predetermined angle to facilitate uniform heating of said inside surface.

Abstract: Provided is a pyrolysis furnace having a gas flowing path controller with an improved structure. The pyrolysis furnace includes: a silicon substrate; a main body of the pyrolysis furnace; a heating unit that is formed around the main body and controls the temperature of the main body; at least one gas supplying tube through which a gas flows into the main body; and a gas flowing path controller that is installed inside the main body and controls the flow of the gas. As a result, controlling and manufacturing of small-sized nanoparticles with excellent characteristics is possible.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus and method of barrel toasting. In particular, an apparatus and method for consistently toasting the inside surface of a barrel, generally a barrel made of oak. Barrel toasting has traditionally been carried out on a barrel by barrel basis, by the cooper, according to wine or spirit-makers' specifications. The cooper draws upon his/her experience in order to determine the length of time and intensity of heat the barrel should be subjected to, so that the barrel is subjected to a reasonably consistent light, medium, medium plus or heavy toast. The present invention attempts to provide an apparatus and method for repeatability and uniformity in barrel toasting by monitoring the temperatures of the barrel being toasted and comparing these against a predetermined optimum range.

Abstract: A repair method for a plastic pipe network allows a damaged pipe to be disconnected from a fixture carrying it in the network without damage to or removal of the fixture carrying the pipe to be removed or the disruption of connections of other pipes connected to that fixture. The tool system used with my method provides a heating tool having an elongate heating head powered by an electrical powering source for insertion in the channel of the end portion of a thermoplastic pipe adhered in a thermoplastic fixture for removal without damage to the fixture. The tool system further provides a pipe removal tool having adjacently spaced prongs to be twisted about the periphery of a heated pipe portion for removal from the fixture at a temperature that causes no damage the fixture.

Abstract: A preheating apparatus is disclosed which supports a hollow, cylindrical combustible heating element. A solid fuel mixture is used to generate hot gases for the heating of metal surfaces for pre-welding purposes. A grooveway is imbedded radially around the upper portion of the solid fuel mixture. An oxygen liberating pre-starter compound is housed in the grooveway for uniformity of ignition of the combustible solid fuel to permit a more uniform and consistent burn of the solid fuel during hot gas generation.

Abstract: A portable heater adapted for use in a recreational enclosure or temporary work enclosure includes a housing having an air inlet on the lower front face. A gas supply is partially enclosed by the housing which provides propane to the mouth of a burner venturi located within the housing. Air is drawn through the air inlet and also enters the mouth of the burner venturi. The air and gas are mixed thoroughly as they travel upwardly through the burner venturi. A chimney effect increases fresh air flow velocity into the burner venturi and allows the heater to operate at a reduced fuel gas pressure. Upon exiting the burner venturi, the air/gas mixture is to a plenum and radiant surface where combustion takes place. Any conventional means may be provided to ignite the air/gas mixture in order to cause combustion. The combustion products deflect off a deflector, which is cooled on a rear face by air flow through the housing, which decreases the temperature of the combustion products before exiting an outlet.

Abstract: A heating device for heat-sealing containers by heating an end forming portion 13 of a tubular container having a rectangular to square cross section, the end forming portion 13 having four generally quadrilateral first to fourth panels 21 to 24 continuous with one another and each having a heating region 31, 32, 33 or 34 to be heated on an inner surface thereof. The heating device has a hot air nozzle 71 in the form of a bottomed tube and fittable into the container end forming portion 13 for heating an inner surface of the container.

Abstract: A heating device for heat-sealing containers by heating an end forming portion 13 of a tubular container having a rectangular to square cross section, the end forming portion 13 having four generally quadrilateral first to fourth panels 21 to 24 continuous with one another and each having a heating region 31, 32, 33 or 34 to be heated on an inner surface thereof. The heating device has a hot air nozzle 71 in the form of a bottomed tube and fittable into the container end forming portion 13 for heating an inner surface of the container.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for heating rigid plastic pipe for the purpose of bending and forming the pipe. The heating apparatus includes an elongate housing that has a bottom wall, a pair of side walls, a first end wall, and a second end wall to define an interior. Each of the end walls has a pipe hole for permitting a user to insert rigid plastic pipe through the interior. An elongate burner member burns combustible gas to produce heat and is mounted to the housing and is positioned in the interior proximate to the bottom wall. A valve assembly regulates a flow of the gas to the burner member. An elongate burner plate disperses the heat generated by the burner member and is positioned above the burner member. A plurality of pipe support members support the pipe above the burner plate while positioned in the interior of the housing. An elongate cover member selectively covers the opening to the interior of the housing.

Abstract: A recuperator for furnaces includes a set of tubes, which are installed in a secondary chamber (1) which is located behind a main combustion chamber of the furnace and through which hot fumes can pass from the main combustion chamber towards an outlet. The task of the tubes is to recuperate thermal energy from the fumes by bringing a combustion gas to pass through the tubes on its way to burners in the main combustion chamber. The different tubes of the tube set are designed as individual units (8) each one of which is removably inserted in the secondary chamber (1) through holes in the walls (4) thereof. In the mounted condition each tube has a closed portion projecting into the secondary chamber as well as a portion projecting from the outside of the walls of the secondary chamber, the latter portion having inlets and outlets for cold and preheated combustion gas respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating plastic pipe includes an outer housing having distal first and second open ends and a diffuser plate mounted inside of and spaced apart from the top of the outer housing. An inlet extending through the housing is positioned for directing heated air to impinge on the diffuser plate. A mount positions the diffuser plate within the housing such that when the plastic pipe is disposed in the housing through the open ends of the diffuser plate does not contact the pipe. First and second end caps are disposed at the distal first and second open ends respectively. The end caps have first and second apertures therethrough for supporting and centering the plastic pipe such that the diffuser plate does not contact the pipe.

Abstract: The machine for performing in-line treatment on containers comprises a treatment enclosure with a loading path for loading a row of containers and an unloading path for unloading a row of containers, the two paths being distinct from each other, and a carrousel of the first-in-first-out type, which carrousel firstly includes a plurality of mutually equidistant successive moving rails, each rail being designed to receive one row of containers, and means for moving the set of moving rails, and secondly is mounted inside the enclosure so that successive rows of containers can be transferred from the loading path to the unloading path of the enclosure. The carrousel is further equipped with regulation means which are designed to cause the set of moving rails to advance in successive steps at a given rate so that the transit time taken by each rail to travel from the loading path to the unloading path is substantially equal to a predetermined duration.

Abstract: A heater for top portions of containers 11 filled with contents and each having a top forming tubular portion 14 generally rectangular to square in cross section for heating seal parts 31, 35 of the top forming portion 14 with hot air for heat-sealing comprises a hot air nozzle 51 in the form of a bottomed tube having a generally rectangular to square cross section and to be inserted into the top forming portion 14 for heating. The hot air nozzle 51 having first to fourth four side walls 61 to 64 integral with one another with a ridgeline formed between the adjoining side walls. The side walls 61 to 64 is formed with orifices 68 as distributed over regions thereof corresponding to the respective seal parts 31, 35. The side walls 61 to 64 each have an outer surface facing obliquely upward.

Abstract: The present invention is a pipe heater that uses a combustible gas burner to provide heat to the pipe. The gas burner permits the heater to be portable and to be used in remote locations where a source of electricity is not readily available. The heater comprises a body adapted so that a pipe can extend therethrough and a burner to bend the pipe. Positioned between the burner and the pipe within the heater is a baffle having a plurality of holes therein. The baffle redirects the heat from the burner around the pipe, thus evenly heating the pipe. The heater is also provided with a control system to regulate the flow of fuel to the burner and potentially with a battery-powered or flint starter device. Furthermore, the body of the heater has air holes positioned in its sides and openings within its bottom to provide an air supply to the burner and to allow the burner to be lit if a starter is not provided or is inoperative.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reconditioning wood wine barrels. An open wine barrel is placed on a barrel rotator stand and positioned into a planer-cutter apparatus. Cutting parameters are set, and a horizontal screw advances the cutter into the barrel, cutting a swath the length of the barrel stave. The cutting process is repeated through the number of passes required. The barrel is dried, placed on a toasting rotator stand, and positioned under a toaster so that the toaster elements are inside the barrel. An expansion mechanism places the toaster elements adjacent the barrel interior surface, and the barrel ends are closed. After toasting, the expansion assembly is retracted and the barrel is removed. The barrel heads are run through a planer, dried, and sanded, and placed in a head toaster. The head toaster doors swing closed placing the heads adjacent oscillating firebars.

Abstract: A kiln or oven for producing ceramic products is described having a combustion chamber through which the ceramic products continuously pass, as well as a process for the operation and control of the kiln and the ceramic products perform a rotation about their own longitudinal axis in addition to the passage movement through the combusion chamber. The passage and rotation of the ceramic products takes place by means of a drive mechanism located in the kiln base with shafts projecting into the combustion chamber and located on an inventively designed receiving and holding device and can be regulated in infinitely variable and separate manner. The invention permits an effective, discontinuous operation of the kiln.

Abstract: A method for temperature conditioning a blank of plastic material in which a conditioning mandrel is placed within the blank and thereafter expanded into reliable abutment against the inner surface of the blank. The mandrel is thereafter returned to its initial position. The outer surface of the mandrel is adjusted to and maintained at a certain temperature, whereby, during the abutment, an energy exchange takes place between the blank and the mandrel for adjusting the temperature of the blank. At high temperatures of the mandrel, the mandrel is displaced out of the blank after such short time that the plastic material in the region of the abutment surface never passes the critical temperature of tackiness of the plastic material and/or thermal crystallization of the plastic material. As a rule, the expansion and contraction of the mandrel is repeated one or more times.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process permitting the modification of the chemical composition of the inner face of a barrel, consisting in heating and in moistening the inner face of the shell (1) of this barrel, characterized in that it consists in alternately heating and moistening, according to a specified heating power and liquid flow rate, and for a specified time, the heating being distributed over the entire height of the shell.It also relates to a machine implementing this process and comprising a rotating support (12), heating means (19) and moistening means (20, 21, 22) which are vertically displaceable with respect to the main axis of the barrel.Application: barrels for wines and alcohols.

Abstract: A method of shrinking a foamed sleeve onto a tapered wall container which includes moving containers through a predetermined path, subjecting the containers to infrared heat applied by directing air past infrared heaters against the containers as they are moved in the predetermined path and progressively applying additional heat to the containers as they are moved in the predetermined path by first directing heat at the maximum container diameter and progressively applying the heat toward the minimum container diameter. In a preferred form, the heat is applied by directing heated air against the containers. In one form, the containers are rotated progressively in the predetermined path while the additional heat is applied. In another form, the containers are moved without rotation in a predetermined path while the additional heat is applied along the sides of the path.

Abstract: A method for temperature conditioning a blank of plastic material in which a conditioning mandrel is placed within the blank and thereafter expanded into reliable abutment against the inner surface of the blank. The mandrel is thereafter returned to its initial position. The outer surface of the mandrel is adjusted to and maintained at a certain temperature, whereby, during the abutment, an energy exchange takes place between the blank and the mandrel for adjusting the temperature of the blank. At high temperatures of the mandrel, the mandrel is displaced out of the blank after such short time that the plastic material in the region of the abutment surface never passes the critical temperature of tackiness of the plastic material and/or thermal crystallization of the plastic material. As a rule, the expansion and contraction of the mandrel is repeated one or more times.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for heating injected, cold preform blanks to blow molding temperature on a conveyor path wherein they are thereafter fed to a blow mold, the preform blanks being first heated to a temperature below the blow moulding temperature, then cooled and later reheated to a temperature slightly above the blow molding temperature, whereupon the preform blanks are allowed to equalize in temperature inside and out or are caused to do so by slightly cooling their outsides. The spacing on the holders on the conveyor chain, on which are mounted the preform blanks, is selectively adjustable to avoid heat radiation losses. The neck portions of the mounted preform blanks are surrounded completely by protective sheathings so that such neck portions are not heated while being conveyed to the blow mold.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for positioning and for simultaneously oscillating a plurality of heater probes within a plurality of heat exchanger tubes mounted in a tubesheet of a nuclear steam generator is disclosed herein. The apparatus generally comprises a frame, a plurality of probe drivers mounted onto the frame, wherein each driver includes a pneumatically operated, bladder-type gripper for selectively gripping and ungripping the push-cable of one of the heater probes, as well as an oscillating mechanism powered by a variable voltage d.c. motor. A controller connected between the d.c. motor and a power source separately controls the frequency and the amplitude of the cycle that the oscillating mechanism moves the gripper in, and further controls the alignment between the midpoint of the oscillatory cycle and a selected point along the longitudinal axis of the tube.

Abstract: An oven-apparatus for flaming the interior and exterior surfaces of a container for removing nonkosher oils, fats, dirt, and the like, which apparatus has a main housing defining a tunnel through which are conveyed containers to be flame-treated, and a first flame-burner capable of developing a substantially vertically-oriented exposed flame for flame-treating the interior surface of a container, and a second flame-burner capable of developing a horizontally-oriented flame for flame-treating the exterior surface of a container. The apparatus also has a conveyor for conveying a plurality of containers to be flame-treated adjacent to the first and second flame-burners. A turntable lifts and rotates the container while the two flame-burners' flames treat all of the surfaces of the container.

Abstract: An oven-apparatus for koshering container or drum lids made of metal. The oven-apparatus has a substantially hollow interior through which are conveyed the lids after having passed through a bath, with the lids being conveyed through the hollow interior in a semicircular or arcuate path, with the entrance being positioned directly in-line with the exit of a conventional bath for initially washing the lids clean. The same conveyer system that conveys the series of lids through the bath is also used for conveying the lids through the oven-apparatus. After having passed through the oven-apparatus of the invention, the lids are conveyed in the conventional manner substantially parallel to but in the opposite direction by which they were conveyed through the bath. Within the hollow interior of the oven-apparatus, there are provided a pair of flame-burners. One flame-burner is mounted at a first corner of the housing of the oven-apparatus at an acute degree angle with respect the center line of the main housing.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for positioning and for simultaneously oscillating a plurality of heater probes within a plurality of heat exchanger tubes mounted in a tubesheet of a nuclear steam generator is disclosed herein. The apparatus generally comprises a frame, a plurality of probe drivers mounted onto the frame, wherein each driver includes a pneumatically operated, bladder-type gripper for selectively gripping and ungripping the push-cable of one of the heater probes, as well as an oscillating mechanism powered by a variable voltage d.c. motor. A controller connected between the d.c. motor and a power source separately controls the frequency and the amplitude of the cycle that the oscillating mechanism moves the gripper in, and further controls the alignment between the midpoint of the oscillatory cycle and a selected point along the longitudinal axis of the tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heating railroad rails enabling a convenient and efficient expansion of railroad rails is provided by selectively moving a heat source along a rail. The apparatus includes a frame carrying a heat source such as a series of gas fired burners which direct heat toward the rail to raise the temperature of the rail. The rail heater is provided with a set of wheels enabling the heater to be rolled along a rail while heating the rail. The wheels are mounted to subframes which are shiftably mounted to the frame to permit the heater to conform to the gauge of the rail on which it travels.

Abstract: An apparatus for the heat treatment of the necks 1 of performs 2 includes a rotatable mandrel 3, which is inserted in and engaged with the neck of the preform to rotate it, a fixed protective skirt 4, and a heater 5 situated at the level of the neck. A sliding weight 28 is applied to the upper end of the neck during the heat treatment.

Abstract: A heater for presenting an object to be heated on a carrier to a pair of heating structures which open from an initially closed position to receive same. The initial position of the carrier results in the heating structures being together initially and its motion then results in opening them to receive the object depending on the position reached by the carrier. The closing of the heating structures, due to further motion of the carrier, about the object to thereby envelop it reduces heating losses during the heating of the object.

Abstract: A device for use in thawing frozen car locks comprises a tube (10) of a heat insulating material having a plug support at one end; axial holes through the plug support; a flat, axially projecting plug (13) extending from the plug support designed to be inserted into and to essentially fill the keyhole of the lock; and a raised lip on the plug end formed with a plurality of through-going, radial cuts (15). When the projection is inserted into the keyhole in a frozen lock, and expiration air is blown into the other end of the tube, this air gives off its heat to the outer side of the lock before flowing through the openings without itself penetrating into the lock. The heat, on the other hand, is conducted into the lock and melts ice formed therein.

Abstract: This invention relates to ladle heating methods and apparatus. More particularly, this invention pertains to rapid high temperature ladle preheating utilizing an optimized heating cycle by involving oxygen and combustion air preheated by recuperation in the fuel burning process. Controlled oxygen flow directed into the process is used to increase the heat input during the initial preheating phase and to insure maximum efficiency of the system during the soaking phase of ladle preheating. The disclosed ladle preheating station comprises a refractory lined lid including a partially open refractory ring for docking a portion of a ladle rim having a significant protrusion caused by a local accumulation of solidified metal or slag, said refractory lid opening shaped to receive said protrusion within the opening while providing a gap between said metal deposition and the refractory lid.

Abstract: Molten oxide of grinding material, refractory material, etc., being poured into a circular casting space formed between coaxially arranged inner and outer cylinders and cooled by the water contained in the inner cylinder. Thus, the molten oxide is cooled radially from the center of the inner cylinder and solidified. The outer cylinder includes two segments which separate from each other for facilitating putting the molten oxide into the casting space and taking the resulting solidified product out of the casting space.

Abstract: Heat treatment apparatus for annealing a reactor vessel includes an envelope having a plurality of insulated compartments each supplied with heated fluid from inlet ducts having nozzles in the compartments. The heated fluid passes out of the compartments via concentric tubular exhaust ducts. Heaters supplying the heated fluid are controlled by a mini-computer to ensure that a predetermined temperature profile is maintained across the heated section of the vessel.

Abstract: A preheating insert is disclosed. The preferred and illustrated embodiment incorporates an encircling bottom support having a centralized hollow tube. It is made of a frangible material to be easily broken should it fall into the pipe. It supports a hollow, cylindrical, combustible heating element. The heating element is made of thermite as an example. It includes a top located deflector plate to deflect hot gases flowing upwardly from combustion against the wall of a pipe to be heated. The apparatus is concentrically located within the pipe in the vicinity of the pipe section to be heated.

Abstract: Several ladles (11-14) for receiving hot metals are preheated by applying a lid (40, 42) to the rim of each ladle and directing an open flame through the lid into the ladle. The hot exhaust gases move back through the lid and through a heat exchanger (35-38) to heat the oncoming combustion air, and the exhaust gases from the ladles being preheated are combined and directed through a lid (41) applied to a ladle at a drying station to dry the ladle.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for the shrinking of foil, which is wrapped around an article, and comprises a frame 1, which along its inner edge is provided with a means of heating. The apparatus is characterized by the frame 1 being hollow, that there are means for blowing air into the hollow part, and means in the form of slots or ports 27 and 28 for leading the air out along the inner edge of the frame 1 close to the means of heating. The means of heating can, for example, consist of gas burners 20 or electric heating elements. The frame 1 can be arranged to move up and down around the article around which the foil is to be shrunk.

Abstract: Several ladles 11-14 for receiving hot metals are preheated by applying a lid 40, 42 to the rim of each ladle and directing an open flame through the lid into the ladle. The hot exhaust gases move back through the lid and through a heat exchanger 35-38 to heat the oncoming combustion air, and the exhaust gases from the ladles being preheated are combined and directed through a lid 41 applied to a ladle at a drying station to dry the ladle.

Abstract: A preheater for a casting ladle includes a stationary horizontal refractory deck having vertical apertures in which are disposed refractory plugs, each of which supports an electrical heating element that depends downwardly from the refractory deck. A lifting table is movable into registration with the set of depending electrical heating elements and is also adapted to support the casting ladle thereon and to raise it into surrounding relation with the electric heating elements that depend from the refractory deck. Individual defective heating elements can be removed and replaced during operation of other operative heating elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for the shrinking of foil, which is wrapped around an article, and comprises a frame 1, which along its inner edge is provided with a means of heating. The apparatus is characterized by the frame 1 being hollow, that there are means for blowing air into the hollow part, and means in the form of slots or ports 27 and 28 for leading the air out along the inner edge of the frame 1 close to the means of heating. The means of heating can, for example, consist of gas burners 20 or electric heating elements. The frame 1 can be arranged to move up and down around the article around which the foil is to be shrunk.

Abstract: An electrically heated convertible tool for removing a golf club head from a shaft inserted in the hosel of both metal and wooden golf club heads includes a pair of plier-like pivotally connected opposed jaws each carrying an electric heating block. The heating blocks are disposed in opposed clamping relationship and are each provided with an arcuate recess sized to closely engage and heat the tapered hosel surface of a metal golf club head. The blocks are adjustable relative to each other to accomodate for size variations in hosels. An elongated heat exchange member having a head sized to be clamped in the arcuate recesses of the blocks and an elongated linear portion sized to be insertable into the interior of a hollow metal golf club shaft is provided to permit use of the tool to heat the hosel of a wooden club head. The tool permits heat to be applied to the hosel of the club heat to soften the cement holding the hosel to the shaft of the golf club.

Abstract: A basing heating apparatus for partially heating a base of a fluorescent tube comprises a hot blast injection head provided along the direction of movement of said fluorescent tube and having an elongated slit for injecting a fluid from within a chamber toward only the base of said tube, an air supply pipe for injecting adjustably pressurized air from the direction linearly aligned to the direction of injection by the slit toward the mixing chamber of said hot blast injection head, and a burner device for injecting a flame from the direction intersecting substantially at right angles the pressurized air introduced into said mixing chamber to heat the pressurized air within said mixing chamber to high temperatures.

Abstract: A socket heat fusion apparatus is provided for simultaneously heating one end portion of a thermoplastic conduit and one end portion of a thermoplastic coupler so that the heated end portion of the thermoplastic conduit can be disposed in the heated end portion of the thermoplastic coupler to provide a substantially fluid-tight union therebetween. The apparatus comprises a body member having a first heat communication opening and a second heat communication opening, the second heat communication opening extending through the body member and openly communicating with the first heat communication opening; a first receptacle disposed on one side of the body member for receiving one end portion of the thermoplastic conduit, the first receptacle communicating with the second heat communication opening; and, a second receptacle disposed on a second side of the body member for receiving one end portion of a thermoplastic coupler, the second receptacle openly communicating with the second heat communication opening.

Abstract: A system for heating ladles prior to the receipt of a charge of molten metal therein, including heating said ladles by direct thermal transfer from the output gases of a heat source, and including waste heat recuperation and controls for maximizing the efficiency of combustion and for maximizing the rate of heating of said ladles without use of excess fuel. The system of the invention includes a heat exchanger defining an opening in its side to directly receive a ladle supported on its side, the heat exchanger including fuel burners for projecting flame and combustion gases directly into the ladle and a heat exchange chamber for directly receiving the hot combustion gases from the ladle for use in preheating inlet gases to be mixed with fuel for combustion in the burners. Means is provided for transporting the heat exchanger horizontally into and out of engagement with the ladle.

Abstract: A portable space heater features a tubular heat shield of generally uniform cross sectional configuration about and in longitudinally offset, concentric, closely spaced relation to a tubular shell defining its combustion chamber to project beyond a nose cone at its outlet end. The projection of the shield beyond the cone is limited to produce, upon a high velocity pressurized flow of air around the inner surface of and the length of the shield, distinctive flow of air within the projected end of the shield and about the nose cone the pattern of which produces an effective heat exchange with the products of combustion at the cone which substantially moderates the cone temperature.

Abstract: Heat is used to decontaminate toxic agents from the interior contaminated rfaces of combat vehicles and like enclosures. The heat vaporizes the toxic agents, but does not cause heat damage to the interior contaminated surfaces themselves. Hoses are used to convey the heat to the toxic agent to vaporize the same, as well as to remove the vaporized toxic agent away from the interior contaminated surface for discharge outside the enclosure.