Abstract: A process of manufacturing a chromium alloyed molybdenum silicide portion of a heating element comprising the steps of: forming a mixture of a chromium powder and a silicon powder; reacting the mixture to a reaction product in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of at least 1100° C. but not more than 1580° C.; converting the reaction product to a powder comprising CrSi2; forming a powder ceramic composition by mixing the powder comprising CrSi2 with a MoSi2 powder and optionally with an extrusion aid; forming the portion of the heating element; and sintering the portion of the heating element in a temperature of from about 1450° C. to about 1700° C.; characterized in that the chromium powder and the silicon powder are provided separately to the mixture.

Abstract: An insulated tuckstone that includes a basic tuckstone and an insulating layer exhibiting a thermal conductivity lower than 2.0 W·m 1·K?1 between 20° C. and 500° C., exhibiting enough rigidity to be self-supporting and covering an insulated surface of the basic tuckstone. The insulated surface is included in the lower surface of the basic tuckstone, extending into the lower transition surface and representing more than 20% of the lower transition surface. The insulating layer has a chemical composition, as a percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides, such that Al2O3+SiO2+ZrO2+CaO+Na2O+MgO+K2O+TiO2+Fe2O3+HfO2+P2O5+Y2O3>80%.

Abstract: A fluidized bed system having a containment vessel, a precast and predried monolithic refractory floor module positioned in the vessel, and a plurality of precast and predried monolithic refractory wall modules stacked within the vessel. The plurality of wall modules includes a first wall module is positioned on the floor module, wherein the floor module and the first wall module have interlocking surfaces, and wall modules adjacent to one another have interlocking surfaces. A method for assembling a fluidized bed reactor is also provided.

Abstract: A raku kiln has a fire ring with a cylindrical sidewall and bottom made of refractory material with a kiln shelf supported a few inches above the bottom to enclose a space that is superheated by burners. A firing-chamber rests on the fire ring and is lifted by a two aligned pulleys on top of a pole which rotates to move the chamber out of the way. A vertical pole mates with tubes on the chamber for vertical guidance during raising and lowering of the chamber. Flanges on the lower end of the chamber allow adding an extension chamber.

Abstract: A reversible jamb block for a furnace, oven or kiln, having an attachment side adapted to removably attach to the first side of a doorway for the furnace, oven or kiln, and adapted to removably attach to the second side of the doorway, such that one face of the jamb block is directed away from the furnace when the attachment side of the jamb block is attached to the first side of the doorway, and a second face opposite the first face, is directed away from the furnace when the attachment side of the jamb block is attached to the second side of the doorway.

Abstract: A description is given of a heat treatment apparatus, such as a preheater or calciner (1) for heat treating cement raw materials, said heat treatment apparatus comprising a heat treatment compartment being defined by a metal casing (5), which may have on its inner side layers of refractory lining material (3) and insulation material (4).

Abstract: Method for heating a fluid, in particular a fluid which is not electrical conductive, where a rotor body (10) which is arranged in a chamber for absorption of the fluid, is rotated with a generally vertical shaft (11). A voltage is applied to a rod shaped electrode (16) which is arranged centrally in a rotor chamber (12) and to an electrode at the bottom (13) of the rotor chamber, for creation of a flame arc, so that a flow of the fluid passing the flame arc is created. The length (L) of the flame arc is held generally stable, preferably constant by controlling the position of the rod shaped electrode (16). The fluid is made enter the rotor chamber (12) so that it is kept outside the flame arc, and that the fluid is provided to flow through the rotor chamber (12).

Abstract: The furnace of the present invention includes a body of a furnace having a cylindrical shape; a steel shell which is arranged at an inside surface of the furnace; and a lining refractory which is arranged at an inside of the steel shell and includes a plurality of refractory blocks, wherein: each of the refractory blocks includes a hot-face end surface which has a hexagonal shape exposed to a middle of the furnace, and a cold-face end surface which has a hexagonal shape larger than the hot-face end surface, the cold-face end surface being arranged at an outer periphery side of the furnace; the refractory blocks are arranged such that each position of the hot-face end surface is positioned along the radial direction of the furnace at a predetermined reference position; and the refractory blocks are arrayed along the circumferential direction of an inside surface of the steel shell, thereby being stacked in a honeycomb manner.

Abstract: A fireproof wall intended, in particular, for use in a combustion furnace has a tube wall of tubes connected by webs and a fireproof and fire-tight protective lining which is arranged upstream of the tube wall at a distance therefrom and has a plurality of fireproof plates (tiles) which are arranged alongside and above each other and are fastened to the webs of the tube wall via in each case at least one plate mounting. An intermediate space is present between the tube wall and the protective lining and, at least in certain zones, contains a particulate filler material which increases the transfer of heat between the protective lining and the tube wall. Material selection and the zonal local distribution of the particulate filler material make it possible to deliberately influence the transfer of heat both quantitatively and locally and therefore to optimally adapt it to the respective operating requirements of the combustion furnace.

Abstract: A refractory vessel has a generally cylindrical metal shell and an upper torispherical dome. A refractory liner lines the shell and the dome. A layer of skew blocks are positioned between the cylindrical shell portion of the refractory liner and the dome portion. A metal band is positioned outwardly from said layer of skew blocks for restraining radial expansion thereof.

Abstract: A refractory vessel comprising a metal shell having a generally cylindrical portion and an upper hemispherical dome. A refractory liner has a cylindrical portion spaced inwardly from the cylindrical portion of the metal shell and a hemispherical portion spaced inwardly from the dome. The hemispherical portion has a plurality of layers of refractory brick forming successively higher and lesser diameter rings. At least a portion of the rings have mating keys and keyways to restrain the layers of bricks in a vertical direction.

Abstract: A wall segment is for a combustion area to which a hot fluid can be applied. The wall segment includes a metallic supporting structure, with a heat protection element mounted on it. The metallic supporting structure is provided at least in places with a thin and/or metallic, heat-resistant separating layer. The separating layer is fitted between the metallic supporting structure and the heat protection element.

Abstract: Refractory wall structure for a blast furnace, in particular for a metallurgical furnace, such as for example a blast furnace with a high process temperature during operation, which wall structure is subjected to a high thermal loading. The wall structure comprises a steel outer wall, a refractory lining consisting of one or more layers of a well heat-conducting material on the inside of the outer wall, and a cooler for cooling the refractory wall structure, whereby the wall structure also comprises a permanent, well heat-conducting metallic filling in a gap in the refractory wall structure, which filling has been molten inside the gap and then after solidifying forms a low heat resistance across the gap.

Abstract: An industrial oven uses bi-directional expansion joints to accommodate lateral and longitudinal movement intersecting support beams of the oven's structural framework resulting from expansion of the support beams, the supported beams, and/or other oven components. The intersecting support beams may, for instance, comprise either roof purlins 1) and underlying roof trusses or 2) floor support members and underlying oven base support beams. Each bi-directional expansion joint includes a bracket permitting relative longitudinal and lateral movement between the support beams and the associated supported beams. The brackets preferably comprise L-shaped brackets each having 1) a vertical leg connected to the associated supported beam(s), 2) a horizontal leg connect to the associated support beam, and 3) expansion slots permitting lateral movement between the support beam and the bracket and longitudinal movement between the supported beam(s) and the bracket.

Abstract: A device for supporting refractory material in a furnace environment is provided. In one embodiment, the supporting device is fabricated from individual pieces which are connected to produce a functional supporting device. The material supporting device provides an inverted channel-shaped base member structurally interengaged with a C-shaped member to provide support to material loads in an industrial setting. The C-shaped member has a pair of generally upwardly and inwardly projecting engagement flanges which provide interconnection with the base member. The base member has a pair of generally downwardly and inwardly projecting base flanges which provide support for refractory material. In another embodiment, interengagement between the C-shaped member and the base member may be further secured by conventional mechanical fastening apparatus and methods. A method of employing the above-described device and a method for using multiple supporting devices with one or more structural members are also disclosed.

Abstract: In the case of a ceramic liner for combustion spaces, comprising at least one wall element (3), made of refractory structural ceramic and having at least one through-opening (6), and a fastening element (4), consisting of refractory structural ceramic, per opening (6), the fastening element (4) is resiliently fastened by its foot in a metallic holding device (5) fastened on the metallic supporting wall (1). The head (20) of the fastening element (4) rests in the opening (6) in the wall element (3).The wall element (3) is designed in the form of a box, having a base (25) which runs parallel to the metallic wall (1), having an inside wall (23) which surrounds the opening (6) in an annular manner and is supported directly or indirectly on the metallic supporting wall (1), and having outside walls (24) which extend up to the metallic supporting wall (1) without touching the latter.

Abstract: In an arrangement for sealing combustion-chamber bricks (8) which are force-cooled in a convective manner, the bricks (8) being arranged in at least two brick rows (6) in accordance with of an increasing combustion-space diameter and being put into supporting casings (7), and the cooling medium (12) flowing between brick (8) and supporting casing (7), and a gap (9) being present between the supporting casing (7) of the preceding brick row (6) and the respectively following brick row (6), which gap (9) is sealed by means of a seal (10), a plurality of springs (11) are firmly anchored to the supporting casing (7) in a distributed manner over the periphery, which springs (11) are connected to the seal (10) and press the seal (10) into the gap (9) between supporting casing (7) and brick (8) at least during the operation of the combustion chamber. The sealing effect is thereby increased without thermal stresses being introduced.

Abstract: A high temperature industrial roof assembly having two refractory bricks with adjacent faces, opposing hanger recesses, a hanger rod extending from the recesses to the top of the assembly, the refractory bricks being held in an adjacent position by a securing device, a hanger rod with a locking mechanism at one end and a hook at the other end, a hanger having opposed refractory engaging projections adapted to engage the hanger recesses, a hanger rod hole allowing free rotation about the hanger rod end above the locking mechanism, and a locking mechanism engagement recess which when engaged with the locking mechanism prevents rotation of the hanger rod in relation to the hanger at 90 degree increments and provides that depression of the one end of the hanger rod into the locking mechanism engagement recess permits rotation of the hanger rod with respect to the hanger. The locking mechanism comprises opposing tabs.

Abstract: An anchor for connecting refractory material to a wall or other support structure for a kiln or other vessel is disclosed. The anchor includes a first member having a section along its length that is selectively configured and has a selective cross-sectional shape. The anchor includes a second member having a complementary engaging section. The complementary engaging section has a cross-sectional shape and dimension complementary to the selected configuration of the length of the first section of the first member. The complementary engaging section of the second member further has a selective configuration along its length complementary to the shape and dimension of the selective cross-sectional shape of the first section of the first member such that the two members complementarily engage to enhance heat transfer, while at the same time permitting relative rocking and rotational movement of the members in use.

Abstract: A wall lining for a furnace (10) includes a refractory layer (14) having a hot face (16) exposed to the interior of the furnace. A plurality of elements of a high thermal conductivity material (18), such as copper wires or rods, extend from the outer shell (12) of the furnace into the refractory lining (14). The elements (18) provide a continuous heat conduction path to the outer shell (12) of the furnace. A cooling jacket (22) removes heat from the outer shell. The elements (18) are dispersed in the refractory lining (14) to provide a substantially uniform temperature across the hot face of the furnace in the vicinity of the elements. The wall lining may be formed by fixing an array of the elements to the inside wall of the outer shell of the furnace and applying a refractory material to the inside wall.

Abstract: A rotary kiln apparatus including an outer kiln shell defining an interior heating chamber therein for receiving material for heating which preferably includes a rotational drive for rotating the kiln, and a plurality of refractory bricks movably positioned within the chamber in order to maintain heat within the chamber where the refractory bricks are movable and in abutment with respect to one another to accommodate thermal expansion during heating and to maintain enhanced heating within the interior heating chamber with an outer liner insulation included extending about the inside of the outer kiln shell and in abutment therewith providing thermal insulation between the outer kiln shell and the refractory brick members with a metallic intermediate liner mechanically affixed to the inner side of the outer liner insulation to extend thereover to prevent abrasion of the outer liner insulation during normal movement of the refractory brick members during kiln rotation, with mechanical affixing of the intermedia

Abstract: In the case of a ceramic lining for combustion spaces, comprising at least one wall panel (3) of high temperature resistant structural ceramic with at least one through-opening (6) and comprising one fastening element (4) per opening (6), the fastening element (4) being fastened by its foot in a metallic holding device (5) fastened on the metallic supporting wall (1), and the head of the fastening element (4) resting in the opening (6) of the wall panel (3), and there being an insulating layer (2) arranged between the metallic supporting wall (1) and the ceramic wall panel (3), the fastening element (4) consists of high temperature resistant structural ceramic. The wall panel (3) is drawn-in in the direction of the metallic supporting wall (1) in the region of the opening (6) and the fastening element (4) is resiliently linked to a special holding device (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to a partition wall, made up of a multiplicity of segments intended for a multi-compartment furnace as used for firing graphite electrodes, for instance. The invention calls for expansion joints to be incorporated between the segments in a row of segments.

Abstract: A brick for use in a high temperature furnace, or the like, having a body portion with at least one tongue and groove pair in at least one of the body surfaces with anchor means formed integrally with the body portion. Tie-back brick assemblies are formed by mating at least two of such brick and clamping them together.A lining for use in such furnaces is formed by using such tie-back assemblies with conventionally shaped brick.

Abstract: A tuckstone assembly (14) for an industrial type furnace (10) fills a space between a wall of the furnace and a supporting member (19) that supports the furnace superstructure. The tuckstone assembly (14) has a support block (26) having a sloped upper surface (27) and a nose block (37) having a mating sloped lower surface (38). The longitudinal profile of the tuckstone is reduced for insertion in the space of the furnace wall by sliding the nose block forwardly, and the enlarged nose portion (42) is made to cover the support plate (19) by sliding the nose block (37) back to where the ends of the support block and the nose block substantially coincide.

Abstract: A refractory tile for a suspended wall of a glass furnace includes upper and lower horizontal faces having respective raised and depressed tongue and groove portions. The tile is adapted to be laid in overlapping or bonded courses such that the tongue and groove portions of a tile overlap and matingly engage the tongue and groove portions of two tiles in a subjacent course of tiles. Each tile also includes vertical side edges having mating ridges and grooves. Each of the tiles further includes a neck portion outwardly extending from a cold face edge thereof. The neck portion defines open spaces between adjacent tiles for insertion of insulation batts therein. The horizontal faces of the tiles also have slots formed therein for engagement with one of the hanger members. The slots have one of a transverse T-portion or a recessed portion formed therein and spaced inwardly from the cold face of the tile which are adapted to engage the hangers.

Abstract: A shaft furnace with a steel outer shell and a refractory lining inside the shell, has a sealed tap hole structure comprising a steel sleeve fitted to the outer shell, a permanent lining inside the sleeve and a refractory sealing material within said permanent lining. To improve the gas-tightness of the tap hole structure, a metal closure plate having an opening at which the tap hole is to be formed, is located within the steel sleeve and has its periphery coupled gas-tightly to the sleeve. A metal closure sleeve is coupled gas-tightly to said closure plate around said opening thereof and extends outwardly from said closure plate. Means e.g. conductive bricks are provided for removing heat from the closure plate and the closure sleeve.

Abstract: A melting furnace has a supporting structure of thermostable steel, and an internal shell of common steel, serving as a contact area for the refractory lining of the furnace.

Abstract: A roof structure has a plurality of layers of heat resistant material, at least a first of the layers including a first brick layer, at least a second of the layers above the first of the layers including a heat resistant compound, and the heat resistant compound being unshaped when initially installed above the first of the layers. A method of forming a roof structure in an opening between side walls of a chamber includes the steps of installing at least one layer of bricks in the opening directly above the chamber, applying at least one layer of a first concrete in an unshaped form in the opening over the at least one layer of the bricks, tamping the at least one layer of the first concrete at at least a first predetermined temperature, and allowing the at least one layer of the first concrete to harden.

Abstract: A refractory clad lid for heating vessel is disclosed. The lid includes a plurality of refractory blocks supported from a hollow metal paney by an interlocking dovetailed joint configuration at the panel/block interface. Coolant is circulated through the panel to control lid temperature and reduce block water.

Abstract: A high temperature furnace curved nose construction having refractories suspended from a support structure wherein a combination of radial filler refractories and rectangular filler refractories are supported by rectangular hanger refractories. Each radial filler refractory is supported by radially adjacent rectangular filler and/or rectangular hanger refractories. Each radial filler refractory has opposed converging tread sides while each rectangular filler refractory and rectangular hanger refractory have four tread sides. The tread sides of a radial filler refractory mates with the tread sides of a rectangular filler refractory or a rectangular hanger refractory. Any combination of at least one rectangular hanger refractory, at least one rectangular filler refractory and at least one radial filler refractories mate by their tread sides to form at least a section of the curved nose construction.

Abstract: A clamping system for preventing detrimental tensile and shearing stresses in heating walls used for example as partitions in industrial furnaces, comprises clamping plates adjoining opposite end faces of a heating wall plate, yoke-shape beams facing each clamping plate and interconnected by cross tie rods, and pressing elements between the beams and the clamping plates. The bias of the pressing elements is adjusted so as to decrease from the center of the clamping plate towards the upper and lower edges of the heating wall plate, the material of respective clamping elements being selected such as to keep the interfering forces within the limits of 5 to 20% of the original clamping forces, the resultants of the clamping forces being directed to the marginal area of each clamping plate, and the roughness in excess of 2.5 millimeters between the clamping plate and the heating wall plate being reliably compensated.

Abstract: The invention concerns the internal structure of a high temperature furnace. That structure includes a dome made of refractory bricks that are capable of withstanding the high temperature within a coal gasification generator. The structure also includes a supporting brick wall under the dome. And, it includes an inner wall made of refractory bricks. The latter is inside of the supporting wall. The inner wall shields the supporting wall from the highest temperature while it is free to expand without being subject to any compressive load from the dome.

Abstract: In a shaft furnace having a metal shell, a refractory furnace lining inside the shell and a taphole construction comprising a drilled taphole extending through a plug located in an aperture in the shell and a taphole brick structure forming part of said furnace lining, the taphole brick structure at least partly consists of at least one taphole brick of high thermal conductivity material selected from the group comprising graphite, semi-graphite and material of equivalent heat conductivity, there further being screening means comprising material of substantially lower heat conductivity coefficient than graphite and semi-graphite located between said taphole brick and said furnace shell.

Abstract: A heat treat furnace wherein the furnace top and side walls are each defined by an outer, gas-tight metallic structural wall, an intermediate perforate metal plate generally parallel to and coextensive with the exterior wall to define a plenum chamber therebetween, and an inner layer of non-metallic, gas permeable insulation, preferably a blanket insulation of appreciable thickness. The gaseous atmosphere of the furnace is injected into the plenum chambers defined between the exterior walls and the perforate plates, and the atmosphere passes through the insulation layer into the interior of the furnace. The inward flow of atmospheric gas (1) replenishes the atmosphere in the furnace, (2) preheats the atmosphere, and (3) reduces any heat loss through the wall structure.

Abstract: When coating the inner surfaces of a furnace with strips of refractory mineral material or synthetic material such as felt, one often uses anchors which are welded to the shell of the furnace, which anchors are provided with recesses such that little plates can be secured to the anchor after having made a quarter of a revolution. These anchors represent energy loss and it is a time consuming job to weld all those anchors. This is eliminated by using metal strips with recesses which are punched out to at least one side. One can make now felt packages and some strips are provided with slots so that they can simply be attached to the furnace frame. If the side walls are coated by vertical packages, there also is no sag under the influence of their own weight.

Abstract: The refractory bottom of a shaft furnace, e.g. a blast furnace has a graphite layer, above it an intermediate layer of lower coefficient of thermal conductivity (.lambda.-value) and above the intermediate layer a third layer of yet lower .lambda.-value. To control the penetration of molten metal into the bottom and in particular to achieve a stable location of the solidification isotherm in the intermediate layer, the material of the intermediate layer is one having a .lambda.-value of 12 to 30 kcal/m.h. .degree.C. This material may be semi-graphite. Such material does not undergo a change of .lambda.-value when permeated by the molten metal.

Abstract: An anchor tile hanger for anchoring refractory brick to the roof of a furnace structure is comprised of a pair of vertically spaced apart plates having aligned cutouts in the upper edges which cutouts are adapted to engage the lower horizontal portion of a suspended I-beam. Attached to each of the ends of the vertically aligned plates are a pair of U-shaped rods each having a bight portion turned inwardly and facing one other which are adapted to engage and anchor the refractory tile or brick. The cutouts in the vertical disposed plates include overhang portions for positioning the tile hanger about the lower horizontal portions of the I-beam and clearance areas which facilitate assembly and insection of the tile hanger about the lower horizontal portion of the I-beam.

Abstract: An industrial furnace with insulating walls comprising side-by-side pre-formed panels each including a plurality of ceramic insulating modules. The side wall panels include vertical buckstays to which the modules are secured by retainer clips including sharp spikes inserted into side edge surfaces of the insulating modules. Modules with offset stepped side profiles are disclosed, arranged to provide for ready removal of a single module without disturbing adjacent modules. Atmosphere furnace insulation arrangements also are disclosed utilizing ceramic modules secured to the furnace shell by special retainer clips embedded in side edge surfaces of the modules.

Abstract: Bottom blown metallurgical vessels using oxygen having a brick assembly which is secured together by metal anchors.

Abstract: An industrial furnace with insulating walls and roof comprising side-by-side pre-formed panels each including a plurality of ceramic insulating modules. The roof modules are suspended by a structure comprising a support grid embedded in situ in the ceramic module. The grid includes four holding rods each parallel to the corresponding side of the module. Hanger rods are attached to the grid at the corners thereof, and extend out from the module to pass through holes in the furnace roof member where the rods are secured in place by nuts. The module may also carry electric heating coil embedded in situ in the ceramic material adjacent the surface thereof facing the furnace interior.

Abstract: A thermally insulating member for protecting water cooled pipes in the supporting structures for work pieces in heat treating furnaces comprises a cast refractory insulating member into which is solidly embedded a reticulated metal mesh reinforcement member. To provide further substantial reductions in the amount of heat loss by decreasing the thermal conductivity of the insulating member a fibrous insulating material is engaged within mesh loops of the reticulated metal structure. The fibrous insulating material has better heat insulating properties than the cast refractory material.

Abstract: The lining of conically narrowing or widening walls with brick is facilitated by laying the brick in courses which are closed rings, the bricks subtending an angle of about 5.degree. to 30.degree. with respect to the horizontal.

Abstract: A hearth construction having a plurality of sections each of which has a first plurality of parallel, stainless steel I-beams connected in spaced relation by a plurality of transverse stainless steel I-beams. The top surfaces of the longitudinal and transverse I-beams are co-planar to provide a furnace floor for supporting work loads to be heat treated. In each section there are three elongated beams with the outer beams in each section having extensions at one end thereof. The ends of the extensions are situated in the furnace vestibule and have chamfered ends to facilitate loading and unloading of the work loads. Each section has a plurality of pairs of pier plates. The pairs are longitudinally spaced along the elongated beams at a distance corresponding to pier blocks which are situated on and extend from the furnace subfloor. The spacing between the plates in each pair dimensionally conforms to the pier blocks.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln consisting of a succession of tunnel sections assembled from prefabricated large-surface side panels and ceiling panels supported on a tunnel frame of structural steel, at least some of the panels being removable for access to the kiln. Similar panels mounted on railcars form the bottom portion of the kiln. The panels are composed of multiple layers of different materials, the material and thickness of the surface layers being adapted to different heat resistance requirements, while the overall dimensions of the composite panels remain the same.

Abstract: A furnace lining formed from a plurality of blocks each comprising an assembly of stacked parallel plates and at least one profiled or toothed end member. The profiles are shaped to be capable of receiving in spaced relationship in the stack of plates. The profiled teeth of the end members are arranged perpendicularly to the stacking planes of the plates and extend individually laterally over at least a portion of the peripheral edge or corner of each plate so that an effective bond is obtained for the plates, as well as their assemblies.

Abstract: A flat self-supporting vault for tunnel-type furnaces, particularly for baking bricks and tiles is made of mutually interconnected beams bearing at both ends on the side walls of the furnace disposed transversely to the tunnel length. Each beam is made of a number of longitudinally aligned refractory segments, also interconnected, preferably by expansion joints. Each segment is formed by casting around an inner longitudinal metal core at least long as a single beam. Each metal core, such as an I-beam of two C-beams, has an external sheath of thermo-insulating material and defines with this sheath a continuous linear passage for a cooling fluid flowing in a cooling system connected to both ends of each metal core.

Abstract: A stove comprises a metal jacket the inner surface of which has a gunite coating with a layer of metal or a heat-resistant synthetic material sprayed on the surface of said coating to form a continuous gastight cover. The gastight cover is superimposed by heat-insulating and refractory layers. The heat-insulating layer immediately adjacent to the gastight cover is made of kaolin wool which protects the cover against mechanical damage.

Abstract: The roof of an elongated heating chamber of a refractory walled industrial furnace includes a plurality of transverse rafters which are spaced along the chamber, and each rafter is formed of a pair of arch bricks and an arch key brick between the inner ends thereof. A plurality of longitudinally extending roof bricks are supported between successive rafters by the means of notches in the ends of the roof bricks which rest upon horizontal surfaces defined on the central portion of each rafter.

Abstract: A novel insulation module for lining the interior surfaces of high temperature chambers such as furnaces, is described. The module comprises in its basic form a first block of high temperature insulating material and a second block overlying the first block but rotated 90.degree. with respect thereto. Each of these blocks is formed from a mass of ceramic fibers, all of which are oriented generally in planes substantially perpendicular to the surface of the furnace wall.