Abstract: An apparatus for drying materials is disclosed. The apparatus has a chamber which is heated to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the water in the material into steam. The dryer is configured to utilize the steam produced from the material to condition the material. The dryer has two exhaust stacks positioned at opposing ends of the dryer. The removal of exhaust steam at the two opposing ends of the dryer facilitates the migration of moisture within the chamber along a length of the dryer between the two ends. The exhaust stacks can be controlled and adjusted based on feedback from a plurality of pressure differential transmitters installed within the chamber. Methods for drying materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: The tunnel kiln according to the present invention includes a tunnel kiln main body having an inner wall constituted by a furnace material, and having a debinding zone and a sintering zone wherein respectively debinding and sintering of a body to be fired containing an organic component are performed; a conveying unit for conveying the body to be fired from an inlet side to an outlet side of the tunnel kiln main body; and a lining provided so that at least an inner wall of the debinding zone of the inner wall of the tunnel kiln main body is covered therewith.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter which gives an acceptable vapor phase filtration and flavor delivery in the presence of a volatile flavorant (e.g. menthol), the filter containing activated carbon in which (1) pores of under 2 nm pore diameter (micropores) provide a pore volume of at most 0.3 cm3/g (NZ); and (2) (a) pores of 2 to 50 nm pore diameter (mesopores) provide a pore volume of at least 0.25 cm3/g (N2) and/or (b) pores of 7 to 50 nm diameter (larger mesopores) provide a pore volume of at least 0.12 cm3/g (Hg).

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a substrate treatment device that can lengthen the maintenance cycle, and prevent any by-product from falling on substrates even if it is accumulated, and a manufacturing method of such a substrate treatment device, and an embodiment of the invention is directed, comprising: a treatment chamber that subjects a substrate to a treatment while keeping hold of it by a substrate retention member; a reaction tube that configures the treatment chamber; a heating device that is disposed around the reaction tube for heating the treatment chamber; and an exhaust tube that is linked to the reaction tube on an upper side than the substrate inside of the treatment chamber and is extended downward from the heating device, and exhausts a gas inside of the reaction tube in which an extension portion as a result of the extension is disposed away from the reaction tube.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for drying wet bio-solids by utilizing waste heat from a clinker cooler in a cement making process.

Abstract: A sample heating apparatus comprising:

Abstract: A condensation oven arranged to treat a workpiece including a casing having an internal structure defining a hermetic enclosure accessible via at least one door, a heater device operable to heat the internal structure to a predetermined temperature to enable a fraction of vapor obtained by vaporizing a heat transfer liquid to condense onto the workpiece, a vapor circulation system configured to circulate the vaporized liquid within the hermetic enclosure such that a fraction of the vapor condenses onto the workpiece, an extractor device operable to extract vapor within the hermetic enclosure of the oven, and a control unit configured to control the heater device and the extractor device when the at least one door is closed.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus for electrostatographic reproduction or digital printing comprising: (a) a core (b) a gudgeon friction welded to said core, the gudgeon consisting of through slots or holes in a shoulder of said gudgeon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of applying heat treatment to a workpiece by means of at least one heat transfer liquid having a boiling point at a given value.

Abstract: “Process for Adjusting the Water Vapor Content in Very High Temperature Furnace”

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously producing metals such as zirconium, hafnium, titanium, niobium, vanadium, silicon and tantalum. The corresponding metal halide is reacted with a metallic reducing agent such as aluminum, calcium, magnesium and sodium in a reactor where the reaction takes place at a temperature where the metal reducing agent is below its vaporization temperature and where the metal halide is above its vaporization temperature. The metal formed by the reaction is recovered from the reactor by collecting it in a pool of molten product metal contained in a cold wall induction heated receptacle in the reactor from which the metal product is removed.

Abstract: The described cleaning of work pieces, in particular printed circuit boards or assemblies, after the soldering, is performed by washing with an inert cleansing fluid which is maintained at a temperature slightly below the melting point of the solder. As a result, solvents for dissolving the impurities and soldering fluxes which are harmful to the environment can be dispensed with. This cleaning is particularly advantageous subsequent to the vapor phase soldering since the same fluid can be used for the cleansing fluid as for the heat transfer medium in the vapor phase soldering apparatus. Therefore, the problem of an unwanted mixing of different treatment media (on the one hand heat transfer medium and on the other hand cleansing fluid) does not arise.

Abstract: The present arrangement is a hot zone structure for a vacuum furnace which includes an endlessly shaped outside wall (e.g. shaped substantially into a circle) preferably made of stainless steel. Disposed next to the inside surface of the outside wall is a layer or layers of heat insulating material means such as graphite felt. Further disposed next to the inside surface of the insulating material means is an inside wall preferably made of graphite. The inside wall defines the chamber of the hot zone structure into which items to be heat treated are placed. Passing through the outside wall, through the layer of heat insulating material, and through the inside wall are many continuous apertures. At the end of each continuous aperture there is located a threaded terminal piece and threaded into each terminal piece is a graphite nozzle. Accordingly there is a plurality of graphite nozzles passing from outside the outside wall of the hot zone structure through into the inside chamber of the hot zone structure.

Abstract: Several methods and apparatus (10, 60) are disclosed for vapor condensation heating only a selected underside surface area of an article (18, 18') while continuously minimizing loss of the generated vapor (26b, 26b') to the atmosphere. In accordance with several preferred embodiments, a composite vessel (11, 11') is formed with a lower stationary sidewall section (14), including venting means (28, 29, 31, 32, 34), and a channel (41) adapted to telescopically receive an upper, internally cooled and retractable sidewall section (13, 44, 13', 44') in a manner that establishes a vapor barrier (27) of controllable volume therewithin. As such, an article (18, 18') to be heated, when initially mounted on the top of the upper sidewall section (13, 13') may thereafter be readily displaced downwardly such that only a selected underside surface area thereof is controllably brought into contact with, and heated by, a single heat transfer liquid (26)--generated body of hot vapor (26b, 26b') confined therebelow.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to the vapor condensation heating of articles to an elevated temperature so as to perform, for example, a soldering, brazing or fusing operation thereon, without requiring the immersion of the articles within the heat transfer liquid-generated body of hot saturated vapor. This is accomplished in accordance with several methods and apparatus which allow the saturated body of vapor to controllably rise to and heat only a selected underside surface area (or areas) of each article, in succession, while minimizing the loss of any vapor to the atmosphere at all times.