Abstract: A method of determining a radioactivity characteristic of a radioactive sample comprises positioning the radioactive sample on a plate, positioning the plate containing the radioactive sample in an optical plate reader, obtaining luminescence data via the optical plate reader based on light emitted from the plate containing the radioactive sample, and determining a radioactivity characteristic of the radioactive sample based on the luminescence data.

Abstract: The present invention provides and includes monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs or mAbs) specific or preferentially selective for PCBP-1 antigens, hybridoma lines that secrete these PCBP-1 antibodies or antibody fragments, and the use of such antibodies and antibody fragments to detect PCBP-1 antigens, particularly those expressed by cancer cells. The present invention also includes antibodies that are specific for or show preferential binding to a soluble form of PCBP-1. The present invention further includes chimeric and humanized antibodies, processes for producing monoclonal, chimeric, and humanized antibodies using recombinant DNA technology, and their therapeutic uses, particularly in the treatment or diagnosis of cancer progression. The present invention further includes methods and kits for the immunodetection and immunotherapy of cells for samples which express PCBP-1 antigens.

Abstract: This invention provides antibodies immunologically specific for human ARL-1 (also referred to AKR1B10), a species of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily of proteins. The invention also provides methods of making and methods of using said antibodies.

Abstract: A method for using a multi-welled micro-plate in radioimmunoassay (“RIA”) is disclosed to improve the performance of RIA. At first, there is provided a multi-welled micro-plate that can be dismantled and divided into multiple wells. Then, samples are filled into the wells of the multi-welled micro-plate for incubation. Washing, tracer-adding, incubation, and washing are executed. At a final step, the multi-welled micro-plate is separated into wells, and each of to the wells is put into a test tube for gamma counting by a gamma counter.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods of predicting and diagnosing preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnant subjects. These methods include detecting a decrease of soluble c-kit in a sample obtained from the pregnant subject. A significantly reduced concentration of soluble c-kit in the sample as compared to a gestational age-adjusted control indicates that the pregnant subject will develop or has preeclampsia or eclampsia.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the detection of target molecules are disclosed. Devices and methods for detecting food-borne target molecules are also disclosed.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the detection of antigens are disclosed. Devices and methods for detecting food-borne pathogens are disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for detecting conformational changes in bioentities.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the detection of antigens are disclosed. Devices and methods for detecting food-borne pathogens are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the identification and use of diagnostic markers for differential diagnosis of diseases. In a various aspects, the invention relates to methods and compositions able to determine the presence or absence of one, and preferably a plurality, of diseases that exhibit one or more similar or identical symptoms. Such methods and compositions can be used to provide assays and assay devices for use in determining the disease underlying one or more non-specific symptoms exhibited in a clinical setting.

Abstract: The invention relates to analytical methods in which the partition of a labeled substance between a liquid and a solid phase is determined. The assays include solid-phase reagents which can be particulate or monolithic such as, for example, a coated tube. Assays of this type are known per se to the person skilled in the art and include immunoassays and immunometric assays.

Abstract: An assay exhibiting improved sensitivity for achieving a factor of ten times (10×) better sensitivity than current sensitivity levels achieved by prior-art immunoassays, as exemplified by ELISA. Three main implementations are described: IA/MPD, Super-ELISA and Reverse Geometry Immunoassay, including specific panel biomarker relationships for the early detection and recognition patterns of breast and prostate cancers. More sensitive immunoassays are achieved through a better understanding of sources of biological background, and by the rejection of particular sources thereof. Super-sensitive immunoassays permit measurement of blood sample biomarkers, and show distribution of low abundance proteins included relationships between cytokine non-Gaussian distributions, very large dynamic ranges and strong age dependence, and including new algorithms based on 2D correlations of studied biomarkers.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for identifying subjects having, or predisposed to having, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension. The methods are applicable to urine and/or blood samples and can be conducted prior to the third trimester of pregnancy.

Abstract: The present invention provides imprint compositions useful for capturing, isolating, detecting and/or quantifying macromolecules in a sample, methods of making and using the same. Generally, the imprint compositions comprise a matrix material defining an imprint of a template molecule, and the template molecule typically corresponds to a portion of a macromolecule of interest.

Abstract: A method of determining the number of magnetic particles within a sample using a tuned circuit having a capacitor and a coil. The method comprises: a. determining the difference in the resonant frequency of the tuned circuit when the sample is exposed to a magnetic field generated by the coil and when the sample is not exposed to the magnetic field generated by the coil; and b. using the difference in the resonant frequency to determine the number of magnetic particles within the sample.

Abstract: The invention provides monoclonal antibodies that selectively bind to ectodermally- and endodermally-derived stem cells and methods for the diagnosis of a neoplasm in a subject by contacting a tissue sample from the subject with the antibodies. Also disclosed are methods for isolating such stem cells from a heterogeneous cell population by contacting the population with antibodies which selectively bind to stem cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to compounds of the formula (I): wherein: X is a five or six-membered heteroaromatic ring, containing one to four heteroatoms, selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, provided that at least one heteroatom is nitrogen; and G1 and G2 are independently CH or N. The present invention also relates to the preparation of the compounds, pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and their use in medicine as potent or selective A2B adenosine receptor antagonists and their uses for treating asthma, autoimmune diseases and retinal vascular diseases.

Abstract: A method for assessing aspirin resistance and relative risk of a cardiovascular event in a patient taking aspirin is provided. The concentration of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 in a urine sample is measured and compared to a set of standardized quartile concentrations. A concentration of urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 that falls within the second, third, or fourth quartile is indicative of aspirin resistance and an elevated risk of a recurrent cardiovascular event.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays. In particular, the devices and methods of the invention are useful in screening large numbers of different compounds for their effects on a variety of chemical, and preferably, biochemical systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to analytical methods in which the partition of a labeled substance between a liquid and a solid phase is determined. The assays include solid-phase reagents which can be particulate or monolithic such as, for example, a coated tube. Assays of this type are known per se to the person skilled in the art and include immunoassays and immunometric assays.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for determining the presence of hemolyzed erythrocytes in blood by detecting erythrocyte adenylate kinase in a serum sample from the blood. This invention also provides a method for diagnosing a hemolytic condition in a subject suspected to be suffering from hemolysis, as well as a method for monitoring hemolysis in a subject undergoing treatment for a hemolytic condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an immunogenic conjugate comprising a carrier molecule coupled to an autoinducer of a Gram negative bacteria. The immunogenic conjugate, when combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, forms a suitable vaccine for mammals to prevent infection by the Gram negative bacteria. The immunogenic conjugate is also used to raise and subsequently isolate antibodies or binding portions thereof which are capable of recognizing and binding to the autoinducer. The antibodies or binding portions thereof are utilized in a method of treating infections, a method of inhibiting autoinducer activity, and in diagnostic assays which detect the presence of autoinducers or autoinducer antagonists in fluid or tissue samples.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a secretor variant cell-line expressing the alpha moiety of human IgE binding protein to determine the allergic status of a given individual. Moreover, the cell-line is also used to provide an assay system for determining the allergenicity of substances and for subsequently providing therapeutic compositions which render said substances ineffective. In addition, the invention also relates to the use of said cell-line to determine the IgE independent irritancy of substances and compositions effective for attenuating the effects of said substances.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of evaluating the immunological status of a subject comprising the steps of 1) determining the content of an antibody in a liquid sample from the subject using an immunoassay, wherein the reaction between the antibody of the sample and a ligand in the form of an antigen, an antibody or a hapten, the ligand being directed to the Fab region of the sample antibody, is carried out in the presence of other constituents of the sample to obtain a measurement 1, 2) determining the content of an antibody in the liquid sample using an immunoassay, wherein the reaction between the antibody of the sample and a ligand in the form of an antigen, an antibody or a hapten, the ligand being directed to the Fab region of the sample antibody, is carried out in the absence of other constituents of the sample to obtain a measurement 2, and 3) interrelating measurements 1 and 2 to express the interference and using the interference as a parameter for evaluating the immunological status of the subje

Abstract: Methods and reagents for rapid purification and/or identification of particles in a liquid sample are described. The technique uses centrifugation to concentrate particles against a slanted surface having an agent specifically binding to the particles. This method is applicable for the rapid identification of viruses and other difficult or impossible to culture microorganisms without replication or amplification of the microorganism.

Abstract: This invention relates to preservative solutions for peptides, for example, parathyroid hormone, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the peptides preserved by the solutions are non-reconstituted. In one embodiment, the preservative solutions comprise a polyvinyl alcohol, EDTA component and molybdic component.

Abstract: A method and kit for monitoring autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor in a sample of body fluid, which employs the steps of: (i) incubating TSH receptor with a sample of body fluid; (ii) reacting the incubated sample of body fluid with at least one binding agent which is capable of binding to the TSH receptor in competitive reaction with TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAb), or in a case where TSH receptor is complexed to labelled antibody, reacting the sample of body fluid with at least one binding agent which can bind to TRAb in such a way as not substantially to interfere with binding of the TRAb to the TSH receptor; and (iii) detecting bound TRAb in the reacted incubated sample of body fluid.

Abstract: A system for the detection of bacteria based on bacteria-antibody complexes. Bacteria attached to antibody are detected with resonance Raman spectroscopy. The bacteria are detected directly in a great numerical excess, e.g. 100 to 10,000 of antibody molecules. A sample to be tested is placed in a medium, the medium containing antibodies attached to a surface for binding to a specific bacteria to form an antigen to antibody complex. The medium is contacted with a beam of light energy. The bacteria, as a lower resonance enhanced Raman backscattered energy, is analyzed for the presence or absence of the bacteria.

Abstract: The synthesis of novel diketopiperazines, their use in inhibiting cellular events such as those involving NFK-&agr;, NFK-&bgr; and in the treatment of inflammation events, a combinatorial library of diverse diketopiperazines and process for their synthesis as a library and as individual compounds. In particular novel diketopiperazines are disclosed including their synthesis and use in cellular events such as activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor, TNF-&agr;, TNF-&bgr; and also apoptosis.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for detecting a labeled sample molecule bound to an immobilized probe by electrochemiluminescence. The method comprises providing a multiplexed molecular analysis system comprising a reaction chamber comprising a reaction substrate comprising a plurality of biosites, each biosite comprising a plurality of similar capture probes attached to the reaction substrate, the reactions substrate comprising an embedded conductive material connected to an electrical source and providing a sample comprising a plurality of molecules labeled with a electrochemiluminescent label; adding a solution comprising this sample to the reaction chamber; applying a voltage from the electrical source to the conductive material after sufficient time has passed for a labeled molecule to bind to a capture probe, thereby inducing an electrochemical event within the electrochemiluminescent label that releases a detectable amount of electromagnetic energy; and, detecting the released electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for the in-vivo labeling of biopolymers such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates and biodegradable plastic using isotopes, especially stabile isotopes. The invention also relates to the use of chemolithotrophic bacteria for the in-vivo isotopic labeling of biopolymers. In particular, the invention relates to the use of CO2-fixing bacteria, such as Ralstonia eurtropha and related methanogenic bacteria for the in-vivo isotopic labeling, especially for labeling using the stable isotope 13C alone and in combination with other isotopes. In addition, the invention relates to the use of isotropically labeled biomolecules in therapeutic and diagnostic applications, especially in spectroscopic methods and generally as tracers.

Abstract: A method for measuring free ligands in biological fluids in the presence of bound ligand and endogenous binding proteins, without disturbing the equilibrium between the free ligand and the protein-bound ligand, comprised of the following steps: (a) incubating a sample of biological fluid with (i) a ligand analog tracer which, due to its chemical structure, does not bind to some of the endogenous binding proteins, (ii) a specific ligand binder and (iii) specific chemical inhibitor reagents that alone or in combination inhibit the binding of the ligand analog tracer to other endogenous binding proteins; (b) separating the ligand analog tracer bound to the specific binder from unbound tracer; and (c) comparing the bound fraction in said sample to the bound fraction of a given set of known free ligand calibrators to determine the concentration of free ligand in said biological fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the selected chemical activation of photo-activatable cross-linker molecules around ligand binding pockets and fluorescent groups in macromolecules, especially biological macromolecules, by using fluorescent ligands of the macromolecule and by selecting photo-activatable cross-linker molecules having specific activation energies so that a radiationless energy transfer (Förster transfer) from the fluorescent ligands to the cross-linker molecules, which become activated thereby, takes place.

Abstract: A predictive test for rheumatoid arthritis comprises the detection of antibodies to collagen in a biological sample from a patient by contacting the biological sample with an antigen comprising the CB10 peptide of mammalian type II collagen, or an antibody-binding fragment or variant thereof, for a time and under conditions for an antibody-antigen complex to form, and detecting the antibody-antigen complex, for example by immunoassay. A diagnostic test kit is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a cDNA which encodes tapasin-like protein. It also provides for the use of the cDNA, protein, and antibody in the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and evaluation of therapies for cancer. The invention further provides vectors and host cells for the production of the protein and transgenic model systems.

Abstract: Novel peptides which are epitopes of the human 60 kDa heat shock protein (hsp60) may be used for the diagnosis and treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Pharmaceutical compositions containing such peptides and kits for use in diagnosis of IDDM are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for detecting pregnancy in a woman comprise screening a biological sample of the woman for pregnancy markers. The methods of the invention include chemiluminescent assays for the pregnancy markers. The methods of the invention also comprise utilizing at least two capture antibodies that specifically bind different epitopes of the pregnancy marker in one assay. The methods of the invention permit detection of pregnancy within about 7 days after ovulation or implantation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for genetic analyses. More particularly, this invention provides compositions and methods for differential gene expression analyses on biological material, such as tissue sections. This invention discloses more preferably differential gene expression analyses on biological material using particular probes with distinct radioactive labels. The present invention can be used to detect or monitor gene expression, compare gene expression (e.g., differential gene expression screening) in particular in different tissues, and is suitable for instance in research, diagnostic, and many pharmacogenomics applications.

Abstract: The detection of gallium in biological samples is required due to its role in the diagnosis of tumor and for possible treatment of malignancies. However, the use of purely instrumental techniques is unsuitable for detection of low levels of gallium in biological matrices. New protein conjugates have been synthesized based on 4-(2-pyridylazo) ligands. The conjugates detect gallium in biological matrices using a non antibody-based sandwich assay format. The recovery level is between 97-101.3 with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The assay results in a detection limit of 5×10−8 M and a remarkable selectivity for gallium(III) relative to other metals investigated. The new method provides adequate accuracy for gallium applicable for animal physiology and clinical toxicology.

Abstract: The present invention provides luminescent lanthanide metal chelates comprising a metal ion of the lanthanide series and a complexing agent comprising at least one phthalamidyl moiety. Also provided are probes incorporating the phthalamidyl ligands of the invention and methods utilizing the ligands of the invention and probes comprising the ligands of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a secretor variant cell-line expressing the alpha moiety of human IgE binding protein to determine the allergic status of a given individual. Moreover, the cell-line is also used to provide an assay system for determining the allergenicity of substances and for subsequently providing therapeutic compostions which render said substances ineffective. In addition, the invention also relates to the use of said cell-line to determine the IgE independent irritancy of substances and compositions effective for attenuating the effects of said substances.

Abstract: The present invention uses the principle that phosphomolybdate binds to hydrophobic surfaces to isolate the phosphomolybdate complex from other phosphate-containing molecules and further uses the SPA concept to bring a radiolabeled phosphomolybdate complex in close contact with a scintillant for measurement by scintillation counting. Generally, the present invention provides an assay for detecting and measuring the amount of orthophosphate (Pi) in an aqueous reaction mixture, wherein the amount of Pi released is separated from the reaction mixture by: adding a solution of molybdate to the reaction mixture to form a phosphomolybdate complex; and contacting the phosphomolybdate complex with a hydrophobic surface, wherein the surface is capable of being separated from the aqueous reaction mixture to allow measurement of the Pi. Particularly, this invention provides an assay for measuring the ATPase activity of enzymes, more particularly, the HPV E1 helicase.

Abstract: A simple screening method is provided for determining biological variations among individuals in a smoking cessation program so that a therapy regimen can be adjusted appropriately for each individual. The method includes the steps of having an individual intake a predetermined dose of nicotine, taking a saliva sample at a predetermined time subsequent to intake of the dose of nicotine, and measuring the nicotine and cotinine levels in the sample. Thereafter, a ratio is calculated which includes both the nicotine and cotinine levels as an indicator of the rate of nicotine metabolism of the individual being screened.

Abstract: The invention provides a competition binding assay for detecting P2YADP receptor ligands.

Abstract: A solution of a non-reconstituted hormone and a preservative having a useful shelf life of at least six months, and, in some circumstances, at least a year. A series of solution of varying levels of the non-reconstituted hormone may be in a test kit and used in a process to determine the level of the hormone in a patient sample. In an aspect of the invention, the hormone is parathyroid hormone. The preservatives may be polyvinyl alcohol, a dissolved EDTA salt, or dissolved sodium molybdate. The hormone may be in an aqueous or a buffered matrix containing very little protein and substantial amounts of TX100 to reduce non-specific binding. The solution is incubated with a solid phase coated with an anti-hormone antibody and a labeled hormone antibody. The solid phase is read using a suitable device for measuring the labeled hormone antibody. An example of a labeled hormone antibody is an acridinium labeled hormone antibody that is read using a light reading device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of evaluating the immunological status of a subject comprising the steps of 1) determining the content of an antibody in a liquid sample from the subject using an immunoassay, wherein the reaction between the antibody of the sample and a ligand in the form of an antigen, an antibody or a hapten, the ligand being directed to the Fab region of the sample antibody, is carried out in the presence of other constituents of the sample to obtain a measurement 1, 2) determining the content of an antibody in the liquid sample using an immunoassay, wherein the reaction between the antibody of the sample and a ligand in the form of an antigen, an antibody or a hapten, the ligand being directed to the Fab region of the sample antibody, is carried out in the absence of other constituents of the sample to obtain a measurement 2, and 3) interrelating measurements 1 and 2 to express the interference and using the interference as a parameter for evaluating the immunological status of the subje

Abstract: A method for the direct analysis of the presence of an analyte which becomes embedded in keratinized structures, e.g., hair, fingernails and toenails, from the bloodstream of a subject which comprises preparing a mixture containing dithiothreitol or dithioerythritol (“DTT”), an enzyme suitable for the digestion of the keratin structure and a sample of the keratin structure; permitting the enzyme to digest the sample of keratin structure to form a digest solution, followed by the addition of a salt of a metal of copper, zinc, manganese, iron, lead, cadmium, mercury, silver and cobalt to deactivate the DTT; and finally subjecting the digest solution to analysis to determine the presence of the analyte in the keratin structure sample. The protease enzymes papain, chymopapain, and proteinase K are preferred for use in the invention.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for using &agr;-particle energy loss to measure the thickness and stoichiometry of films grown by molecular beam epitaxy and other methods. The apparatus for measuring the thickness of films grown on a substrate in a growth chamber, comprises a protective housing having an aperture opening into the growth chamber, a solid state detector disposed in the protective housing, a shutter for opening and closing the aperture, a shield disposed in the housing between the aperture and the solid state detector for shielding the detector, and a calibration source disposed between the shield and the detector for calibrating the measurements made by the detector. A second calibration source disposed between the shutter and the shield, for measuring deposition on the shield.

Abstract: Receptors are disclosed that are antibodies that exhibit a binding affinity for an immune complex of a monoepitopic antigen and an antibody for such antigen that is substantially greater than the binding affinity for the monoepitopic antigen or the antibody for the monoepitopic antigen apart from the immune complex. Normally, the monoepitopic antigen has a molecular weight less than 1500 and is an organic compound. The antibodies of the present invention find use in a method for determining a monoepitopic antigen in a sample suspected of containing such antigen. The method comprises forming an immune sandwich complex comprising the monoepitopic antigen or an analog thereof, a first monoclonal antibody that binds to the monoepitopic antigen, and a second monoclonal antibody that is an antibody of the present invention and detecting the immune sandwich complex.

Abstract: A protein containing one or more disulfide bonds, e.g., an antibody, is subjected to ultraviolet radiation to reduce one or more such bonds to reactive sulfhydryl groups; the resulting photoactivated protein is reacted with other chemical entity which is reactive with sulfhydryl, such as certain radiometals, chelating agents, drugs and toxins, so as to obtain a conjugate useful in, e.g., in vitro diagnosis, in vivo imaging, and therapy.