Shield Extends Over Mating Face (i.e., Shield At Mating Face Extends Between Contact Openings) Patents (Class 439/607.53)
  • Patent number: 11575231
    Abstract: A receptacle connector for mating with a plug connector having a mating tongue and a latch thereof, includes an insulative housing defining a mating slot extending along a longitudinal direction to receive the mating tongue of the plug connector, and an outer metallic shield defining a primary space to receive the housing and a secondary space communicatively beside the primary space to receive the latch of the plug connector. A plurality of contacts are disposed in the housing to mechanically and electrically connect to the mating tongue. An inner metallic shield is attached upon a long side of the housing to separate the primary space and the secondary space from each other in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 11, 2021
    Date of Patent: February 7, 2023
    Assignees: FOXCONN (KUNSHAN) COMPUTER CONNECTOR CO., LTD., FOXCONN INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
    Inventors: Lai-Hang Lv, De-Jin Chen, Xian-Wei Feng, Xian-Liang Zhang
  • Patent number: 11050184
    Abstract: Example connector interfaces such as a Type-C interface and a mobile terminal are disclosed. One example connector interface includes a substrate, a first metal shell, a second metal shell, and an insert mold (I/M) component that are disposed on the substrate. The second metal shell is in a sealed connection to the first metal shell. One end of the I/M component is located in the second metal shell, and the other end of the I/M component penetrates through the second metal shell and is inserted into the first metal shell. The end of the I/M component that is located in the second metal shell is fixedly connected to the second metal shell, so that the I/M component is secured in an insertion direction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 31, 2017
    Date of Patent: June 29, 2021
    Assignee: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Gaobing Lei, Wenqiong Fang, Xiaolong Wang, Qiliang Wang
  • Patent number: 10910756
    Abstract: An electrical connector for inserting along a mating direction into a receiving space of a complementary connector through an insertion hole of an electronic device that has a dimension greater than that of the receiving space includes: an insulative housing; plural contacts secured to the insulative housing; and an outer shell enclosing the insulative housing, the outer shell including a front portion and a rear portion each having a respective lateral dimension measured along a transverse direction perpendicular to the mating direction, wherein the lateral dimension of the rear portion is greater than the lateral dimension of the front portion, the front portion is adapted to match the receiving space of the complementary connector and the rear portion is adapted to match the insertion hole of the electronic device, and the lateral dimension of the rear portion is less than the electronic device insertion hole dimension.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 27, 2019
    Date of Patent: February 2, 2021
    Assignees: FOXCONN (KUNSHAN) COMPUTER CONNECTOR CO., LTD., FOXCONN INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
    Inventors: Jun Zhao, Shao-Cong Zhou
  • Patent number: 10164378
    Abstract: To address the issue of radio frequency interference with high-speed connectors, a communication port connector for use in a computing device is provided. The communication port connector may include a shell that defines a void that is configured to receive an electrical plug. Port-side electrical contacts in the shell may be configured to make electrical connections with plug-side electrical contacts. One or more double leaf spring fingers may be formed in a side of the shell, with each double leaf spring finger including a first spring finger coupled to a second spring finger. The first spring finger may be configured to contact the electrical plug, and the second spring finger may be configured to contact a chassis of the computing device, thereby creating a ground path to ground the electrical plug to the primary ground plane of the device when it is inserted into the communication port connector.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 19, 2017
    Date of Patent: December 25, 2018
    Assignee: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC
    Inventors: Akash Atul Shah, Daniel Beirne, Mark Gerard Rice, Kurt David Wrisley
  • Patent number: 9859661
    Abstract: A connector mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) is provided. The connector includes a mid-plate electrically connected to a ground terminal of the PCB and including a metallic material, a plurality of upper terminals situated on the mid-plate, a plurality of lower terminals situated under the mid-plate, a first insulation member situated on the mid-plate while supporting the upper terminals, a second insulation member situated under the mid-plate while supporting the lower terminals, and a pad electrically connected to the mid-plate and shielding an electromagnetic wave.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 28, 2016
    Date of Patent: January 2, 2018
    Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Chan Gi Park, Eun Seok Hong
  • Patent number: 9843118
    Abstract: The lever member includes a rotation fulcrum point portion which is attached to a rotation shaft of a terminal storage body to be rotatable, a lever operation portion which is a force point portion during a lever operation, a fitting operation point portion which performs a fitting operation while sliding a counterpart target guide portion to apply a force between the target guide portion and the fitting operation point portion along with a rotation operation about the rotation fulcrum point portion as a rotation center in response to the rotation operation of the lever operation portion, and a target fixation portion which is fastened to a target fixation portion of a terminal storage body and a counterpart fixation portion after the fitting is completed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 29, 2017
    Date of Patent: December 12, 2017
    Assignee: YAZAKI CORPORATION
    Inventor: Masahiro Tanaka
  • Patent number: 9742119
    Abstract: A plug connector assembly includes a bottom metallic shell having a lower wall, a front wall, a rear wall, a left wall, and a right wall, and defining a receiving slot. The front wall has an inserting groove extending therethrough along a front-to-back direction and a mounting slit extending downwardly from a top edge of the front wall and communicating to the inserting groove. A top metallic shell assembled to the bottom metallic shell along a top-to-bottom direction has a plurality of side walls, an opening defined by the side walls, and a front wall extending downwardly from of the side walls and abutting against the front wall of the bottom metallic shell to seal the mounting slit. A printed circuit board (PCB) is located in the receiving slot and enclosed by the bottom and top shells. A connector connects with a top section of the PCB.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 25, 2016
    Date of Patent: August 22, 2017
    Assignee: FOXCONN INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
    Inventors: Xiao Fan, Jun Chen, Jerry Wu
  • Patent number: 9450332
    Abstract: A USB male connector and its companion electronic product are disclosed. The USB male connector includes an insulating body, a slot installed in the insulating body, and a reinforcement structure fixed in the slot. The strength of the reinforcement structure is greater than the strength of the insulating body. The USB male connector has an open end and a tail end that is opposite to the open end. A socket of the slot is located in the tail end of the USB male connector. The electronic product includes an electronic product body and the USB male connector. The USB male connector is fixedly connected to the electronic product body.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 6, 2013
    Date of Patent: September 20, 2016
    Assignee: HUAWEI DEVICE CO., LTD.
    Inventor: Jianglin Gu
  • Patent number: 9257767
    Abstract: A connector adaptor facilitates coupling of a mating card edge with a corresponding female card-edge connector disposed on a circuit board. A gathering bevel at the face of the connector adaptor guides the mating card edge from the face of the connector adaptor to the slot at the connection surface of the female card-edge connector, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the female card-edge connector or the mating card edge during a blind mating attempt. In some embodiments the connector adaptor includes at least one connector tab such that the adaptor can be securely inserted into a cage preceding the slot opening of the female card-edge connector. In another embodiment the connector adaptor overlies the female card-edge connector to protect at least the connection surface of the female card-edge connector and can be fastened to the circuit board with any variety of fastening components.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 18, 2014
    Date of Patent: February 9, 2016
    Assignee: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
    Inventor: Donald C. Lewis
  • Publication number: 20150004838
    Abstract: An electrical connector includes a housing having a receptacle, and an electrically conductive insert held by the housing within the receptacle. The electrically conductive insert includes a plurality of module openings. The electrically conductive insert includes electrically conductive segments that extend between adjacent module openings. A plurality of signal modules are held by the electrically conductive insert. Each signal module has two differential pairs of electrical contacts. The signal modules are held by the electrically conductive insert such that the electrical contacts of each signal module extend within a corresponding module opening. The electrically conducive segments of the electrically conductive insert extend between adjacent signal modules to electrically isolate the electrical contacts of the adjacent signal modules from each other.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 26, 2013
    Publication date: January 1, 2015
    Inventors: Lawrence Se-Jun Oh, Kevin Michael Dalbey
  • Publication number: 20140377969
    Abstract: An electrical connector includes a base seat, a plurality of contacts fixed in the base seat and a shielding shell surrounding the base seat. The shielding shell definies a body portion retained in the base seat, a rear wall attached the rear face of the base seat, a pair of first soldering portions extending outside of the body portion and a pair of second soldering portions bending from the rear wall. The first soldering portion and the corresponding second soldering portion are adjacent to each other to form a same soldering position.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 23, 2014
    Publication date: December 25, 2014
    Inventors: CHIH-PI CHENG, KUO-CHUN HSU
  • Patent number: 8915750
    Abstract: A plug connector (100) comprises an insulative housing (1), a plurality of terminals (2) retained to the insulative housing (1), a pair of latches (3) fit to the insulative housing (1) and a housing cover (4) attached to the insulative housing (1). The insulative housing (1) has a base portion (11) and a tongue portion (12) extending forwardly from a middle of the base portion (11). The terminals (2) are arranged on the tongue portion (12) in parallel. The housing cover (4) has a cylindrical portion (41) with a pair of slits (411) extending therethrough for the latch (3) partly extending through. Each latch (3) has a locking piece (31) provided with a front straight edge (311) to abut against with a front edge of a receptacle connector (900) when the plug connector (100) is inserted upside down to the receptacle (900).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 10, 2013
    Date of Patent: December 23, 2014
    Assignee: Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Duong Phan, Terrance F. Little, Stephen Sedio, An-Jen Yang, Yung-Jyh Ling
  • Publication number: 20140335729
    Abstract: An electrical connector includes an insulative housing with a base and a mating tongue extending forwardly in a front-to-rear direction from the base, the mating tongue defining a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. A plurality of contact strips are disposed around the outer surface of the mating tongue of the insulative housing, each contact strip is stamped a metal sheet and defines a first contacting section exposed upon the first surface and arranged along a transverse direction perpendicular to the front-to-rear direction, and a second contacting section exposed upon the second surface and arranged along the transverse direction. The first and second contacting sections of each contact strip extend along the front-to-rear direction and rearwardly extending into the base of the insulative housing.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 9, 2014
    Publication date: November 13, 2014
    Applicant: HON HAI PRECISION INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
    Inventors: TERRANCE F. LITTLE, CHIH-PI CHENG, STEPHEN SEDIO, CHIEN-PING KAO, MING-LUN SZU, CHUN-YI CHANG, WEI-HUNG HSU
  • Patent number: 8777667
    Abstract: An electrical connector (1) is adapted for mounting to a circuit substrate having a metallic shell (2) assembled onto an insulated housing (3). The metallic shell (2) has a base portion with two side-walls (23) and a pair of arms (24) extending from the side-walls (23). Some interferential tabs (243) are introverted on both of the arms (24) and corresponding slots (311) are formed on the insulated housing (3). When assembling, the interferential tabs (243) are engaged with corresponding slots (311) to firmly fit the metallic shell (2) and insulated housing (3) together.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 14, 2008
    Date of Patent: July 15, 2014
    Assignee: Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Lin Huang, Yu-San Hsiao
  • Patent number: 8747165
    Abstract: A connection module for a portable device having a reduced thickness and a slimmer shape. The connection module includes a case, an upper plug connection terminal unit, and a lower plug connection terminal unit. The case includes an upper portion and a lower portion. The upper plug connection terminal unit includes a plurality of upper connection terminals disposed along the upper portion. The lower plug connection terminal unit includes a plurality of lower connection terminals disposed along the lower portion. The plurality of lower connection terminals are spaced apart from the plurality of upper connection terminals and alternately arranged at staggered positions such that the plurality of upper and lower connection terminals engage each other when positioned on a same plane.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 7, 2012
    Date of Patent: June 10, 2014
    Assignee: Tyco Electronics Amp Korea Ltd.
    Inventor: Jung-Hoon Kim
  • Publication number: 20140113489
    Abstract: A connector is provided to facilitate the connection work of a connection terminal and to enhance the connection reliability. A connector includes an attachment part that includes a terminal stand; a connector main body that includes a connection terminal connected to a cable, the connection terminal being fastened and fixed to the terminal stand in a state in which the connector main body is mounted to the attachment part; a cable shield shell that covers an introduction part for the cable in the connector main body; and a connection part shield shell that covers a fastening area between the connection terminal and the terminal stand so as to accommodate the cable shield shell inside the connection part shield shell.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 2, 2014
    Publication date: April 24, 2014
    Applicant: Yazaki Corporation
    Inventors: Masahiro TANAKA, Hajime KATO
  • Publication number: 20130178101
    Abstract: An electrical connector 100 includes an insulative housing 1, a plurality of contacts 2, a metal shell 3 and a grounding plate 4. The metal shell 3 includes a front shell 31 having a top wall 311 and an assembling portion 318 extending upwardly from the top wall 311 and having an accommodating slot 3181. The grounding plate 4 includes a base portion 41 inserted into the accommodating slot 3181 and a protruding portion 42 having an elastic mating portion 423 connected with a mating connector. The metal shell 3 further has a rear shell 32 having a vertical covering plate 321 having a resisting portion 3211 extending upwardly and a shielding plate 323 extending forwardly from a top of the covering plate 321. The resisting portion 3211 upwardly abuts against the top wall 311. The grounding plate 4 would be easily assembled to the metal shell 3.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 3, 2013
    Publication date: July 11, 2013
    Inventors: XUN-SAN TAO, HONG-QIANG HAN, ZI-QIANG ZHU
  • Patent number: 8376780
    Abstract: An industrial plug connector includes a base part and a plug part which can be mated with the base part. The base part and the plug part each have a contact insert and a metallic housing. A first metallic frame sheet is disposed on the base part and a second metallic frame sheet is disposed on the plug part, in such a way that the two frame sheets at least partially overlap, forming a shield attenuation, when the industrial plug connector is in a mated state.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 11, 2010
    Date of Patent: February 19, 2013
    Assignee: Wieland Electric GmbH
    Inventors: Markus Dorscht, Dieter Markl
  • Patent number: 8360808
    Abstract: A circuit board mounted connector includes an exterior shield shell and a housing assembly. The exterior shield shell has a first face to be mounted on a circuit board to define an electromagnetic shielding space and a second face which is orthogonal to the first face and is opened for installation of a mating connector. The housing assembly is fitted in the exterior shield shell so that the mating connector is connected thereto. The housing assembly includes a connecting terminal member, an interior housing, an interior shield shell, and an exterior housing. The exterior shield shell includes an assembly mounting opening through which the housing assembly is installed into the exterior shield shell, in the first face of the exterior shield shell.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 1, 2011
    Date of Patent: January 29, 2013
    Assignee: Yazaki Corporation
    Inventor: Kazuhiko Tsuchiya
  • Publication number: 20110097934
    Abstract: An electrical connector includes a plurality of leadframe assemblies having discrete signal contacts extending through a leadframe housing and defining opposed mating ends and mounting ends. The leadframes lack discrete ground contacts, and instead includes a ground plate having a plurality of mating ends, such that the mating end of at least one signal contact is disposed between a pair of the mating ends of the ground plate. The ground plate further includes a ground coupling bar connected between the pair of mating ends of the ground plate.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 20, 2010
    Publication date: April 28, 2011
    Inventor: Steven E. Minich
  • Patent number: 7922534
    Abstract: A receptacle connector is arranged on an interface of an electronic device for mating with a corresponding plug connector. An anti-incorrect-insertion block is arranged on and protruded from a mating portion of the plug connector. The receptacle connector comprises an insulating housing, conductive terminals assembled in the housing and a first shielding shell for covering on the outside of the insulating housing. A soldering portion welded to a circuit board is arranged on the lower edge of the first shielding shell. The receptacle connector is further provided with a second shielding shell for shielding the electromagnetic signals from the fool-proof opening of the interface. A receptacle connector of the invention shields the fool-proof opening by adding the second shielding shell, thereby preventing the electromagnetic leakage, improving the anti-electromagnetic interference capability of the connector and ensuring an electrical connection of the connector.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 19, 2007
    Date of Patent: April 12, 2011
    Assignee: Molex Incorporated
    Inventors: Jeng-De Lin, Qingwen Fang
  • Patent number: 7909622
    Abstract: A cassette includes a shell having a plurality of shielded channels extending between a front and a rear of the shell. Communication modules are loaded into the shielded channels. The communication modules have front mating interfaces configured for mating with corresponding first plugs and rear mating interfaces configured for mating with corresponding second plugs. The communication modules are loaded into the corresponding shielded channels such that the communication modules are individually shielded from one another. Optionally, the shell may have interior walls defining the shielded channels that extend between the front and the rear.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 23, 2009
    Date of Patent: March 22, 2011
    Assignee: Tyco Electronics Corporation
    Inventors: Paul John Pepe, Steven Richard Bopp, Neil Ktul Nay
  • Publication number: 20110053417
    Abstract: An industrial plug connector includes a base part and a plug part which can be mated with the base part. The base part and the plug part each have a contact insert and a metallic housing. A first metallic frame sheet is disposed on the base part and a second metallic frame sheet is disposed on the plug part, in such a way that the two frame sheets at least partially overlap, forming a shield attenuation, when the industrial plug connector is in a mated state.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 11, 2010
    Publication date: March 3, 2011
    Applicant: WIELAND ELECTRIC GMBH
    Inventors: MARKUS DORSCHT, DIETER MARKL
  • Publication number: 20110045701
    Abstract: A shielding connector has a housing (20) accommodating female terminals (15) connected to electric wires (10). The housing (20) is inserted in a die cast tubular shielding shell (40). An elastic locking piece (34) is provided on the housing (20) and locks an open edge (48) of the shielding shell (40) to prevent removal of the housing (20) that has been mounted properly in the housing (20). A retainer (50) is mounted on the housing (20) from the rear and prevents the elastic locking piece (34) from flexibly displacing in an unlocking direction. An open end (70A) of a braided wire (70) is placed on a mounting groove (46) formed on the shielding shell (40) and is fixed to the mounting groove (46) with a tightening band (60) whose diameter can be decreased with a tool.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 18, 2010
    Publication date: February 24, 2011
    Applicant: SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, LTD.
    Inventor: Satoshi Tsuruta
  • Patent number: 7878824
    Abstract: A cassette includes a housing having a plurality of plug cavities that are separated from adjacent plug cavities by shield elements. The cassette also includes a contact subassembly having a circuit board and a plurality of contacts arranged in contact sets coupled to the circuit board. The contact sets are configured to mate with different plugs. The contact subassembly is loaded into the housing such that the contact sets are received in different plug cavities, wherein the contact sets are separated from adjacent contact sets by the shield elements.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 27, 2009
    Date of Patent: February 1, 2011
    Assignee: Tyco Electronics Corporation
    Inventors: Paul John Pepe, Sheldon Easton Muir
  • Publication number: 20100279547
    Abstract: A USB connector with extraction-proof structure includes an insulation seat and a metallic shell. The insulation seat has a base, one side of which is extended a tongue, on which a plurality of conductive legs are disposed, another side of each of which passes through the base and extends out of the base. The metallic shell shown as a hollow configuration is assembled to the base and fitted onto the tongue to form a connection opening. In the meantime, a fastening piece is arranged on the top face of the metallic shell. After the USB metallic plug of an external device is plugged in the USB connector, the fastening piece fastens the perforations of the USB metallic plug for preventing the external device from being extracted and stolen.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 23, 2010
    Publication date: November 4, 2010
    Inventor: Nai- Chien CHANG
  • Patent number: 7806701
    Abstract: The electronic card of the present invention enables prevention of failure of an electronic circuit incorporated in the electronic card by establishing an electrostatic shielding unit. A connector has a plurality of contacts and a housing. A container case has a side facing a face of one side of the substrate on which an electronic circuit is imprinted, and a first shell and a second shell of electrically conductive material positioned on a side facing the face of the other side of the substrate, respectively. An opening is established on a front end section relating to insertion and removal of the connector in a housing, and is held in a state in which contacts are exposed internally. An electrostatic shielding unit is of electrically conductive material that is electrically connected to the container case, and is positioned in an exposed state on a surface of the above-mentioned front end section.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 13, 2009
    Date of Patent: October 5, 2010
    Assignee: J.S.T. Mfg. Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Akihiro Tochi, Masaki Tsujimoto
  • Patent number: 7771236
    Abstract: An electrical connector includes: a housing having a terminal supporting member and a space at a base portion of the terminal supporting member; a plurality of terminals attached to the housing and arranged on the terminal supporting member in parallel; a latch member arranged on the terminal supporting member in parallel to the terminals for locking a mating connector; and a housing cover attached to the housing for covering a part of the housing. The housing cover includes a cylindrical portion for covering the terminal supporting member and a base portion held in the space.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 7, 2006
    Date of Patent: August 10, 2010
    Assignee: Hirose Electric Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Ryozo Koyama, Eiji Wakatsuki
  • Patent number: 7674134
    Abstract: In a connector including a conductive contact, an insulating housing holding the contact, and a conductive shell covering the housing, the housing includes a protruding portion of a flat-plate shape having first and second principal surfaces faced to each other. The contact includes a first contacting portion disposed on the first principal surface of the protruding portion and a second contacting portion extending from the first contacting portion to the second principal surface of the protruding portion. The shell includes a shell contacting portion disposed on the second principal surface of the protruding portion. The second contacting portion and the shell contacting portion have confronting end faces faced to each other.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 27, 2008
    Date of Patent: March 9, 2010
    Assignee: Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited
    Inventors: Takahiro Yamaji, Kazukuni Hisatomi, Koji Hayashi, Masakazu Kuroiwa
  • Patent number: 7670179
    Abstract: A connecting element (1) for shielded data and/or telecommunications cables (2, 3), with a metal housing (10) and with at least one connector jack (15, 16), where contact means (20, 21) are provided for contacting the metal housing (10) with a plug housing (6, 7), particularly with the plug housing (6, 7) of an RJ-45 plug (4, 5), and where at least one spring tab (20, 21) forming a single piece with the metal housing (10), or with a part (8, 9) of the metal housing, is provided as the contacting means (20, 21).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 21, 2006
    Date of Patent: March 2, 2010
    Assignee: MC Technology GmbH
    Inventor: Hartmut Müller
  • Patent number: 7654835
    Abstract: An electrical connector includes a housing having a plurality of terminals received within and a shell encircling the housing therein. The shell has a mating opening at one end thereof. A dustproof cover is assembled in the shell and positioned between the mating opening and the housing to perform anti-dust function. The dustproof cover has an insulator and a metal sheet combined with the insulator to strengthen the structure of the dustproof cover. The dustproof cover is of enough intensity and is not prone to deformation in use and therefore offers fully anti-dust function for the electrical connector.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 23, 2008
    Date of Patent: February 2, 2010
    Assignee: Cheng Uei Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Shu-Man Chiang
  • Patent number: 7614913
    Abstract: An electrical connector receptacle that includes receptacle-side electrical contacts, a socket, and a receptacle shield. The socket is configured such that a connector may be inserted therein allowing the electrical contacts of the connector to interface with the receptacle-side electrical contacts. The receptacle shield is placed in the back of the receptacle, and is composed of an Electro-Magnetic Interference barrier material. In one embodiment, the receptacle shield is configured to interface with an EMI barrier of the connector, and includes separate slots through which electrical connections may pass.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 27, 2008
    Date of Patent: November 10, 2009
    Assignee: Finisar Corporation
    Inventor: Donald A. Ice