Abstract: Solid-fuel rocket propellants comprising an oxidizer, an oxophilic metal-halophilic metal formulation, and a binder are described herein. Further described are processes for preparing such propellants and methods of reducing hydrogen chloride production via the combustion of such propellants. Non-limiting examples of such formulations include aluminum-lithium alloys.

Abstract: Provided are a reusable polymeric material for removing siloxane compounds in biogas, a method for removing siloxane using the same, and an apparatus therefor, and more particularly, a polyacrylate-based polymer absorbent for removing siloxane compounds in biogas and a method for removing siloxane compounds in biogas. The method for removing siloxane compounds in biogas includes (a) providing the biogas, and b) absorbing the siloxane compounds in a polymer absorbent by passing the biogas through the polymer absorbent according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

Abstract: Candle compositions are disclosed which include a high concentration of liquid oils, yet are solid due the incorporation of wax-monoesters; thereby enhancing the scope, quality and functionality of candles. The wax-monoesters may be obtained from natural plant based waxes, including rice bran wax. Candles based on the candle compositions and methods of making the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, the present provides a heat transfer medium that includes, but is not limited to a base fluid, a plurality of single-walled carbon nanotubes, and a gelling formulation formed of an amine surfactant, an intercalating agent, and an oxygen-bearing solvent. The heat transfer medium is adapted for improved thermal conductivity with respect to the base fluid.

Abstract: Bisurea gelling agents that impart a number of unexpected benefits within various gelled formulations and exhibit great versatility in terms of gelling capabilities for many types of solvents are provided. Such gelling agents should include pendant groups, such as sterically hindering alkyl groups attached to polyoxyalkylenated moieties that allow the gelling agent to be compatible with the target liquid system at elevated temperatures, while controlling and/or limiting the network formation and strength during the cooling cycle. Alternatively, novel gelling agents having two urea groups but that are asymmetrical in configuration have been produced in order to provide the same control in temperature, compatibility, and efficiency. Final gelled formulations, such as antiperspirant sticks and other like consumer items, are provided as well within this invention.

Abstract: A fuel gel including an alcohol, a nontoxic denaturant, a thickening agent, and at least one neutralizing agent is disclosed. An exemplary formulation includes corn-based ethanol, denatonium benzoate, acrylic acid homopolymers, diisopropanolamine, corn-based glycerin, and distilled water.

Abstract: A diesel fuel additive and synthesis method therefore is disclosed herein. The diesel fuel additive may be used in internal combustion engines including those present in cars and trucks, and reduces fuel consumption and pollutant emissions while increasing power.

Abstract: A group of tertiary amine azides are useful as hypergolic fuels for hypergolic bipropellant mixtures. The fuels provide higher density impulses than monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) but are less toxic and have lower vapor pressures that MMH. In addition, the fuels have shorter ignition delay times than dimethylaminoethylazide (DMAZ) and other potential reduced toxicity replacements for MMH.

Abstract: One example embodiment includes a fuel gel. The fuel gel can be used as a standalone fuel source or as a starter fuel for the combustion of other materials, such as charcoal briquettes for a barbeque or other cooking device. The fuel gel includes water. The fuel gel also includes a polymer. The fuel gel further includes a fuel source.

Abstract: A fuel mixture for fuel cells, comprising a gelled product containing at least a fuel and a gelling agent, in which reliquefaction for the fuel of the gelled product is brought about in the coexistence with a reliquefying agent; and a method of extracting a fuel for fuel cells, including: providing a gel structure in which a fuel is incorporated into a network structure of a gelling agent, with a reliquefying agent dispersed therein; adding a reliquefaction inducing agent to the gel structure to make the reliquefying agent break the network structure of the gelling agent, and thereby reliquefying and extracting the fuel.

Abstract: A diesel fuel additive and synthesis method therefore is disclosed herein. The diesel fuel additive may be used in internal combustion engines including those present in cars and trucks, and reduces fuel consumption and pollutant emissions while increasing power.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that free standing lubricant additive gels can “provide additives to a functional fluid over time, wherein the free standing gel comprises at least two of the following components: a basic component, an acidic component, a polyolefin mixture, and optionally at least one additional additive and wherein these free standing gels have tan delta values of less than 0.330 and cone pen value of less than 75. These free standing gels release at least one desired additive into a functional fluid over time when the gel is contacted with the functional fluid and also can be removed from its forming container while retaining its shape and dimensional integrity, and can be inserted into a delivery device without the need for a containment device.

Abstract: The compounds of general formula (I) wherein: R1 is hydrogen, phenyl, C1-6 alkyl which can be further substituted with R3, R3 is 5- or 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which can be further substituted with benzyl or hydroxyl groups; R2 is OR4, NHR4, R4 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or benzyl n is an integer from 1 to 12 or the salts of compounds mentioned which can form gels with commercial fuels, organic solvents and water.

Abstract: A fuel gel including an alcohol, a nontoxic denaturant, a thickening agent, and at least one neutralizing agent is disclosed. An exemplary formulation includes corn-based ethanol, denatonium benzoate, acrylic acid homopolymers, diisopropanolamine, corn-based glycerin, and distilled water.

Abstract: The present invention depicts a reciprocating engine actuated by means of anaerobic fuel comprising at least one piston reversibly actuated inside a cylinder in an N-stroke operation, the piston being in communication with a crank; a feeding means adapted to introduce the anaerobic fuel to a cylinder head accommodating at least one piston and cylinder, in at least one event of each of said N-stroke; an ignition means igniting the anaerobic fuel in or adjacent to the cylinder head, whereat the piston is in at least one predetermined location in the cylinder along each of the N-strokes, so that in each stroke, a predetermined deflagration of the anaerobic fuel is actuating the crank. The invention also teaches a vehicle powered by a reciprocating engine with anaerobic fuel.

Abstract: An additive gel for fuels that reduces the soot content in lubricating oil and/or emission in an engine. Further a process employing an additive gel for fuel in a fuel system to decrease the amount of soot in the lubricating oil of an engine and/or decrease the emissions from an engine.

Abstract: A process for replacing the continuous phase of a nanoparticle dispersion with a less polar phase, includes filtering the dispersion through a semi-permeable membrane filter to remove the continuous phase, and introducing a less polar phase.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a gel-like fuel for a fuel cell includes a network macromolecular compound formed by cross-linking a macromolecular compound having at least one group selected from an OH group and a COOH group, or a C?N bond with a cross-linking agent, a liquid fuel component incorporated into the network macromolecular compound, and a co-catalyst incorporated into the network macromolecular compound.

Abstract: A fuel or fuel blendstocks for jet, gas turbine, rocket, and diesel engines, particularly jet and rocket engines utilizing components of conventional petroleum not currently utilized for jet, gas turbine, rocket, and diesel fuels, such as benzene, butanes, butanes, and methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE) alkylated with aromatic moieties to make monoaromatics used in jet and diesel fuels. Additionally, a fuel having such monoaromatics has multiple desired properties such as higher flash point, low pour point, increased density, better lubricity, aerobic degradability, reduction in toxicity, and additionally can deliver benefits in blendstocks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gels prepared from novel anionic block copolymers of aromatic vinyl compounds and conjugated dienes. The block copolymers include a high molecular weight linear and/or radial block copolymer component (SBC1 and/or SBC2), and a diblock component (E1). The block copolymer may be combined with tackifying resins, oils and other components to form the gels of the present invention.

Abstract: Fuel compositions, methods of making the compositions, and fuel cell systems including a fuel composition are disclosed. In some embodiments, a fuel composition includes a polymer, and a fuel such as methanol, wherein the composition has a hardness of at least about 2 grams peak force, as determined by penetration test using a texture analyzer.

Abstract: A dispensing formulation for a candle container assembly. The assembly includes an outer container, a medial container situated within and attached to the outer container, and a gel between the outer container and the medial container. The assembly further includes an inner container which contains a candle. The inner container may be removed and replaced when the candle is completely consumed.

Abstract: A solid fuel for use in fuel cells is presented. The solid fuel includes solid oxygenates, and mixtures for generating a gaseous fuel from the solid fuel. The solid fuel can be contained in a cartridge and reacted with a liquid reactant for generating a gaseous fuel used in the fuel cell.

Abstract: A novel family of amine azides having a cyclic structure therein is disclosed. These compounds have attractive properties as rocket propellants.

Abstract: Copolymers having linked internal polyether blocks and internal polyamide blocks have advantageous physical properties and solvent-gelling abilities. The copolymer may be prepared from a reaction mixture that contains 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid (CHDA) and poly(alkyleneoxy) diamine (PAODA). Optionally, the reaction mixture contains no monofunctional compound reactive with either amine or carboxylic acid groups, however some of this monofunctional compound may be present. Dimer diamine and/or dimer acid may be present in the reaction mixture. A copolymer may also be prepared from a reaction mixture containing dimer acid and at least two diamine compound(s) including PAODA and short-chain aliphatic diamine having 2-6 carbons (SDA), wherein: a) the reaction mixture comprises x grams of PAODA and y grams of SDA, and x/(x+y) is 0.8-0.98; b) the reaction mixture weighs z grams, and x/z is at least 0.

Abstract: 1. A particular solution must be made that by removing both Oxygen and 2 Hydrogen will form what you want. You may have to hydrogenate double bonds so you can keep removing one oxygen and 2 hydrogen(keep Hydrogen, reform). You may want to use Platinumn.

Abstract: The present invention is a candle. The candle includes a container having a bottom and a side wall defining a cavity and a top rim delimited by the side wall, a first region containing a material that is opaque at room temperature, which material is disposed within the cavity of the container, a second region containing a polymer-oil blend that is substantially transparent at room temperature, which is disposed within the cavity of the container and adjacent to the first region; and a wick disposed within the container, which passes through both the first and second regions. A process for making such a candle is also provided.

Abstract: A fuel for producing attractive audio and visual burning results is disclosed.

Abstract: A curable composition is placed on a candle, and then the composition is exposed to curing conditions such as ultraviolet light, to thereby cure the coating composition and provide a candle having a cured coating. The curable composition may be the reaction product of TMPTA (trimethylolpropanetriacrylate), itself the reaction product of trimethylolpropane and acrylic acid) and oleyl amine (an unsaturated primary amine having eighteen carbons). The candle may be made of wax or a gelled solvent, i.e., a mixture of gellant and solvent, particularly a hydrocarbon or other low polarity solvent. The undiluted coating may be applied by spraying on the oily surface of the candle. Ultraviolet cure of the coating occurs in 1-2 seconds.

Abstract: Novel transparent stiff gel candles comprising a hydrocarbon oil, one or more hydrogenated triblock copolymer of a thermoplastic rubber. This invention is related to candles in the form of firm gels, and more particularly to stiff heterophase, thermally reversible mineral oil gels, preferably white oil gels. The candles of the invention contain block copolymers and blends thereof, the copolymers being preferably derived from styrene-rubber block units. The candles are naturally transparent and uncolored. The gelatinous elastomer composite exhibits a novel combination of properties including unexpectedly low processing temperature, high elongation and tensile strength and excellent shape retention after extreme deformation under high velocity impact and stress conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transparent compositions that may be used as a base material of transparent candles, to the transparent candles made therefrom, and to methods of making such compositions and candles. The compositions of the present invention include a liquid base material; at least one copolymer that includes at least one diblock, triblock, radial block and/or multiblock copolymer or combination thereof; and at least one derivative of an N-acyl amino acid. Preferably the at least one copolymer is a triblock copolymer and the derivative of an N-acyl amino acid is N-lauroyl-glutamic acid di-n-butylamide. The candles of the present invention may be formed into free-standing candles or container candles. The compositions and candles of the present invention may optionally further include one or more of the following: fragrances, coloring agents, decorative materials, insect repellants, solvents, stablilizers, antioxidants, and/or UV blockers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transparent compositions that may be used as a base material of transparent candles, to the transparent candles made therefrom, and to methods of making such compositions and candles. The compositions of the present invention include a liquid base material; at least one copolymer that includes at least one diblock, triblock, radial block and/or multiblock copolymer or combination thereof; and at least one derivative of an N-acyl amino acid. Preferably the at least one copolymer is a triblock copolymer and the derivative of an N-acyl amino acid is N-lauroyl-glutamic acid di-n-butylamide. The candles of the present invention may be formed into free-standing candles or container candles. The compositions and candles of the present invention may optionally further include one or more of the following: fragrances, coloring agents, decorative materials, insect repellants, solvents, stablilizers, antioxidants, and/or UV blockers.

Abstract: Blooming and/or syneresis in gel formulations can be reduced or eliminated by adding to an organic mixture an effective amount of a polyamide gelling agent having a softening point of less than about 105° C. wherein the polyamide is the reaction product of one or more diamines, optionally one or more mono-amines, one or more hydrogenated C36 dimer acids, optionally one or more C2-22 dicarboxylic acids, and optionally one or more C2-22 monocarboxylic acids.

Abstract: The invention concerns a solid or liquid fuel composition capable while burning of producing a selected and varied colored flame other than the color of a standard flame. The composition comprises triethanolamine and a color-forming agent. The invention also concerns a candle or lighting device with a colored flame prepared from the composition. The invention further concerns a method for making a candle with a colored flame comprising the steps of casting the composition into a mold wherein a wick has previously been fixed, cooling the cast composition, and removing the cooled composition from the mold.

Abstract: Candles are disclosed that include a wick, a first phase and a second phase. In one embodiment, the first phase is substantially clear and has a first melting point, the second phase is visually distinct from the first phase and has a second melting point, and the second melting point is greater than or about equal to the first melting point. In another embodiment, the first phase contains a first concentration of gellant in first solvent, the second phase contains a second concentration of gellant in second solvent, and the first and second concentrations are non-identical. In another embodiment, the first and second phases each contain gellant, however the second phase contains components not present in the first phase.

Abstract: A curable composition is placed on a candle, and then the composition is exposed to curing conditions such as ultraviolet light, to thereby cure the coating composition and provide a candle having a cured coating. The curable composition may be the reaction product of TMPTA (trimethylolpropanetriacrylate), itself the reaction product of trimethylolpropane and acrylic acid) and oleyl amine (an unsaturated primary amine having eighteen carbons). The candle may be made of wax or a gelled solvent, i.e., a mixture of gellant and solvent, particularly a hydrocarbon or other low polarity solvent. The undiluted coating may be applied by spraying on the oily surface of the candle. Ultraviolet cure of the coating occurs in 1-2 seconds.

Abstract: The subjects of this patent are three amine azide monopropellants, dimethylaminoethylazide (DMAZ), pyrollidinylethylazide (PYAZ) and diethylaminoethylazide (DEAZ). Amine azides decompose on an iridium catalyst at 400° F. and have very low freezing points (<−65° F.). Dimethylaminoethylazide (DMAZ) has been tested and is a suitable replacement for hydrazine in monopropellant thruster applications. An amine azide can be used as a non-carcinogenic alternative for any monopropellant system using hydrazine. An amine azide could be used to replace hydrazine in thrust vector control or reactive control applications for space based applications. An amine azide could be used to replace hydrazine in divert attitude control systems in interceptor missile systems. In a gel fuel formulation the tertiary amine azide gel can have 0.5%-10% gellant. The gellant can be silicon dioxide, clay, carbon or any polymeric gellant.

Abstract: A multi-layer gel candle includes a substantially transparent container, such as a glass tumbler, in which multiple layers of mineral oil-based gel are poured in selective layer patterns including multiple layers with parallel interfaces and multiple layers with intersecting interfaces between layers. Each gel layer may be provided with colorant and fragrance compositions mixed thereinto, as well as light reflective or visual effect enhancing particulates. Striking visual effects and fragrance effects are obtained.

Abstract: An ester-terminated dimer acid-based polyamide may be blended with a solvent to form a gel. The solvent may be flammable, and a wick may be added to the resulting gel so as to form a candle. Depending on the composition, the candle may be formed into a free standing pillar, or may be better suited to being placed in a container. The solvent may be mineral oil. A solid coating may be placed around the candle, for advantages including to enhance the mechanical stability of the gelled body, and to eliminate the tendency of a gel to have an oily feel and to accept noticeable fingerprints. The solvent which, in combination with the ester-terminated dimer acid-based polymer forms a gel, may be or include a fragrance material, an insecticide or an insect repellent. A wick may or may not be present in this gel, but in any event, the composition provides for the release of the fragrance, insecticide or insect-repellent.

Abstract: A method and a plant for processing problematic, organic, chemical wastes for the disposal thereof. The different types of waste are collected in separate portions and the liquid waste portions are pooled, and the resulting liquid mixture is left to separate into a number of fractions. Each viscous or solid waste portions is subjected to a compatibility test with a liquid fraction. The waste portions are admixed with an amount of a compatible liquid fraction, ensuring that a workable mixture is obtained. The different mixtures are gradually mixed and a mixed and workable buffer portion is obtained. The buffer portion or a portion thereof is subjected to grinding at a high shear. A pumpable, combustible dispersion is obtained, which can be incinerated without any risk of explosions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to transparent candle compositions, and methods of preparation thereof, comprised of a clear gel obtained by combining a liquid base material of a hydrogenated polyolefin, a gelling agent, and, optionally, a gel enhancing agent so as to produce either a pourable or non-pourable gel.

Abstract: Tungsten is added to fuel gels to increase the density specific impulse. l gels contain monomethylhydrazine or other hypergolic liquids well known in the art. The quantity of tungsten employed can vary from 10%-98% weight percent depending on the specific application. The important parameters to consider during formulation are particle size, concentration, combustion efficiency, physical properties, and plume signature. Tungsten particle sizes ranging from 10 microns to 0.5 micron were compared with carbon of 0.24 when burned in air. It is shown that tungsten burns as well as or better than carbon; however, the increased density specific impulse achieved with tungsten as compared with carbon verifies that tungsten as a high energy additive to hypergolic fuel gels is superior.

Abstract: A hypergolic fuel formulation which is consistently hypergolic with inhibd red fuming nitric acid is comprised of diethylethanolamine from about 44-72 weight percent, triethylamine from about 11-18 weight percent, and carbon from about 45-10 weight percent The formulation can be gelled with: silica, clays, carbons, or swellable polymers. The gellants can be combined with chemical agents that stabilize the gel under the standard 30 minute, 500 g centrifuge stability test. A preferred combination comprising diethylethanolamine in an amount of about 44 weight percent, triethylamine in an amount of about 11 weight percent, and carbon in an amount of about 45 weight percent when tested at an oxidizer/fuel ratio of about 4.25 reveals theoretical performance values of specific impulse (ISP) of about 250 at a chamber pressure of 1000 Psi and a density specific impulse (D* ISP) of about 350.

Abstract: A clear candle made from a gel comprising mineral oil containing blends of diblock and triblock copolymers based on synthetic thermal plastic rubbers. The clear candle is stable, does not separate, and does not flash when burned. The candle, although free standing at room temperature, will preferably be supplied in a container, and it may be colored and/or scented.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use, transport, storage, recovery and re-use of chemical compounds. In particular, the invention is directed to a method for reversibly transforming organic compounds into a phase more suitable for subsequent handling but from which the original organic compounds can be readily recovered. The invention is particularly suited for, but not limited to, the recovery and re-use of liquid hydrocarbons, either naturally occurring or synthetic, and/or their derivatives, and it is expected to be especially useful in the recovery of hydrocarbons from an oil spill.

Abstract: A stable gelled material used as a fuel which consists of a composition of diethylene glycol mixed with a gelling agent of fumed silica. Polyethylene glycol may also be added to improve its burning characteristics.