Abstract: The disclosure relates to the technical field of food processing, particularly to a grilling method for controlling the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in charcoal grilled meat. The grilling method comprises: Step 1, dispensing to-be-grilled meat into boxes with sealing covers, and adding edible oil into the boxes, wherein a ratio of edible oil to the weight of meat is 25˜50 mL/1000 g, and sealing the covers; Step 2, carrying out plasma treatment on the meat sealed in Step 1; and Step 3: placing the meat treated using plasma onto a grill and grilling. The grilling method for controlling the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in charcoal grilled meat is simple, convenient, and easy to operate; it is not needed adding unessential food additives, thereby significantly reducing the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in meat products, saving cost and improving safety while remaining the flavor of food itself.

Abstract: An improved gel-type fuel comprising three essential ingredients, namely, ethanol from renewable sources e.g. sugar cane, sugar beet, etc. water and a cellulose based gelling agent also from renewable sources. By varying the viscosity of the fuel with differing percentage of said gelling agent, three distinctly functioning fuels are produced as a gel, a pourable refilling fuel and a less viscous fire lighting fuel.

Abstract: An improved gel-type fuel comprising three essential ingredients, namely, ethanol from renewable sources e.g. sugar cane, sugar beet, etc. water and a cellulose based gelling agent also from renewable sources. By varying the viscosity of the fuel with differing percentage of said gelling agent, three distinctly functioning fuels are produced as a gel, a pourable refilling fuel and a less viscous fire lighting fuel.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, the present provides a heat transfer medium that includes, but is not limited to a base fluid, a plurality of single-walled carbon nanotubes, and a gelling formulation formed of an amine surfactant, an intercalating agent, and an oxygen-bearing solvent. The heat transfer medium is adapted for improved thermal conductivity with respect to the base fluid.

Abstract: The present invention provides useful cooking and/or heating fuel compositions which may be produced substantially from renewable resources, such as biomass, to provide green fuel compositions, methods, and systems. The fuel compositions include gases stored under pressure, liquids, and gels/gelled waxes. Gases and liquids can include dimethyl ether and one or more C2 or larger alcohols, or can include dimethyl ether and one or more C2 or larger hydrocarbons. Gels and gelled waxes can include dimethyl ether and/or one or more C1-4 alcohols and wax or a gel. Methods of making these fuel compositions, particularly from biomass-derived syngas, are also described. Various applications and methods of using the fuel compositions, such as portable cylinder fuels for camping, are disclosed. Additionally, principles of burner design for these fuel compositions are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A fuel gel including an alcohol, a nontoxic denaturant, a thickening agent, and at least one neutralizing agent is disclosed. An exemplary formulation includes corn-based ethanol, denatonium benzoate, acrylic acid homopolymers, diisopropanolamine, corn-based glycerin, and distilled water.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a stable gelled fuel composition of diethylene glycol and fumed silica. Polyethylene glycol may also be added to improve burning. Previous related compositions (U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,003) provided methods of making a polymer hydrogel without chemical cross links. The modifications herein create optimal methods for mixing that enhance the range of applications. The gelation process is further modulated by controlling the air entraining of the resultant mixture producing a gellant complex while at the same time reducing the gelling media. The method includes the steps of providing a polymer solution of silicone dioxide (SiO2) wetted into diethylene glycol (DEG) in a first solution. The method further provides physically cross-linked hydrogels produced by controlled gelation of viscoelastic mixture wherein workability is maintained. In a further aspect, the invention provides methodology for mixing other forms of the gelation of polymer hydrogel solutions.

Abstract: One example embodiment includes a fuel gel. The fuel gel can be used as a standalone fuel source or as a starter fuel for the combustion of other materials, such as charcoal briquettes for a barbeque or other cooking device. The fuel gel includes water. The fuel gel also includes a polymer. The fuel gel further includes a fuel source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control release gel for delivery of additives to fuels where the gel compositions are free of ash producing components, or are substantially free of ash producing components, such that the gel compositions of the present invention do not supply any ash to the fuel compositions with which they are used. Further, the invention provides for the use of such compositions in the operation of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A fuel gel including an alcohol, a nontoxic denaturant, a thickening agent, and at least one neutralizing agent is disclosed. An exemplary formulation includes corn-based ethanol, denatonium benzoate, acrylic acid homopolymers, diisopropanolamine, corn-based glycerin, and distilled water.

Abstract: A lighter fluid composition usable for starting barbecues and the like that comprises naturally occurring combustible materials, which is clean burning and results in low volatile organic compound (VOC) emission during combustion, which is biodegradable and easily disposable, and which burns with a pleasant aroma and does not impart any unpleasant hydrocarbon odor or flavor to food cooked on a barbecue. The composition preferably comprises between approximately 0.5 weight percent and approximately 90 weight percent of a terpene or terpenoid oil, and between approximately 0.5 weight percent and approximately 98.5 weight percent of short chain alcohol, between approximately 0.5 weight percent and approximately 60 weight percent of water, between approximately 0.1 weight percent and approximately 10 weight percent of surfactant, and between approximately 0.5 weight percent and approximately 10 weight percent of thickening agent.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a gel-like fuel for a fuel cell includes a network macromolecular compound formed by cross-linking a macromolecular compound having at least one group selected from an OH group and a COOH group, or a C?N bond with a cross-linking agent, a liquid fuel component incorporated into the network macromolecular compound, and a co-catalyst incorporated into the network macromolecular compound.

Abstract: Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohols formulations can contain C1-C5 alcohols, or in the alternative, C1-C8 alcohols or higher C1-C10 alcohols in order to boost energy content. The C1-C5 mixed alcohols contain more ethanol than methanol with declining amounts of propanol, butanol and pentanol. C1-C8 mixed alcohols contain the same, with declining amounts of hexanol, heptanol and octanol. C1-C10 mixed alcohols contain the same, with declining amounts of nananol and decanol. Synthetically produced mixed alcohol formulas feature higher octane and energy densities than either MTBE or fermented grain ethanol; more stable Reid Vapor Pressure blending characteristics; and increased soluablizing effects on condensate water. The primary benefits of mixed alcohols are increased combustion efficiencies, reduced emissions profiles and low production costs.

Abstract: Fuel compositions, methods of making the compositions, and fuel cell systems including a fuel composition are disclosed. In some embodiments, a fuel composition includes a polymer, and a fuel such as methanol, wherein the composition has a hardness of at least about 2 grams peak force, as determined by penetration test using a texture analyzer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a viscous fuel, which includes a fuel substance held in a polymeric structure, where the viscous fuel has benefits over previous fuels, including performance enhancements and desirable physical characteristics. One embodiment of the formulation includes neat methanol, to which a thickening substance, such as that sold commercially under the trade name Carbopol®, is added to impart viscosity, as well as stabilizing and suspending properties. In addition to the thickening substance, a further substance can be added to balance the pH of the viscous fuel when needed.

Abstract: A fuel cell fuel contains an organic fuel used as a fuel for a fuel cell. The organic fuel is in a form of a solid molecular compound, such as an inclusion compound. The molecular compound can be prepared by contact catalytic reaction of a compound for forming the molecular compound and the organic fuel, and allows a liquid organic fuel to be in a solid compound to store the organic fuel stably in a relatively lightweight form. The molecular compound easily releases the organic fuel by, for example, heating, and the organic fuel is supplied to the fuel electrode of a fuel cell. Thus, the handleability of the fuel cell fuel containing the organic fuel can be improved, and the problems of corrosion, freezing of the fuel, crossover, and so forth can be solved.

Abstract: A solid fuel for use in fuel cells is presented. The solid fuel includes solid oxygenates, and mixtures for generating a gaseous fuel from the solid fuel. The solid fuel can be contained in a cartridge and reacted with a liquid reactant for generating a gaseous fuel used in the fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gel fuel, which includes a fuel substance held in a polymeric structure. One embodiment of the composition includes neat methanol, to which a thickening substance, such as that sold commercially under the trade name Carbopol®, is added to impart viscosity, as well as stabilizing and suspending properties. In addition to the thickening substance, a further substance can be added to balance the pH of the gel fuel when needed. In accordance with the invention, a fuel cell cartridge is provided that has at least one aspect that is methanol-permeable, and which may include a fuel vapor permeable layer and it may be comprised of one of a number of various alternative materials. Features within the fuel cartridge can be used to increase surface area of the gel fuel, and to maintain the gel fuel in a desired location within the cartridge.

Abstract: A lighter fluid composition usable for starting barbecues and the like that comprises naturally occurring combustible materials, which is clean burning and results in low volatile organic compound (VOC) emission during combustion, which is biodegradable and easily disposable, and which burns with a pleasant aroma and does not impart any unpleasant hydrocarbon odor or flavor to food cooked on a barbecue. The composition preferably comprises between approximately 0.5 weight percent and approximately 90 weight percent of a terpene or terpenoid oil, and between approximately 0.5 weight percent and approximately 98.5 weight percent of short chain alcohol, between approximately 0.5 weight percent and approximately 60 weight percent of water, between approximately 0.1 weight percent and approximately 10 weight percent of surfactant, and between approximately 0.5 weight percent and approximately 10 weight percent of thickening agent.

Abstract: A fuel for producing attractive audio and visual burning results is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel synergistic reversible solid/semi-solid organic composition, said composition comprising (a) at least one saturated long chain fatty acid and/or its glycerol esters and (b) one or more liquid neutral organic compounds, said ingredients (a) and (b) being present in a ratio between 0.1 to 40% by weight, and a process for producing said synergistic reversible solid/semi-solid organic composition by mixing the ingredients (a) and (b) defmed above in a ratio between 0.1 to 40% by weight, at a temperature between 2 to 50° C. and at a pressure in the range of 200 torr to 2500 torr.

Abstract: The present invention relates to clear solid compositions that may be used as the base material of a transparent candle, to the transparent candles made therefrom, and to methods of making the same. The compositions of the present invention comprise one or more polyamide resins, which may be present in a total amount of about 40-70% by weight of the composition; and one or more 12-hydroxystearic acid ester solvents, which may be present in a total amount of about 10-70% by weight of the composition, having the following chemical structure: ##STR1## and wherein R may by selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals, aryl radicals, and arylalkyl radicals.

Abstract: Organic liquids can be very effectively gelled by using in combination with an amine neutralized anionic polymer an auxiliary rheological additive. The auxiliary rheological additive is a substance which increases the linearity of the anionic polymer and its thixotropic properties. Suitable auxiliary rheological additives are amphoteric oxides and/or fatty acids and/or fatty acid salts. The organic liquids that can be effectively gelled are organic solvents which include fuels such as hydrocarbons and alcohols.

Abstract: Thickened or gelled compositions comprising an organic liquid, a crosslinked copolymer of an acrylic acid, a vinyl ester of trialkylacetic acids with highly branched structure containing up to 10 carbon atoms, a neutralizing base and, optionally, water are disclosed together with a method for their preparation. These compositions have high stability and are viscoelastic and can be used, for example, in cosmetics, detergents, or as fuels for domestic use or for transportable stoves.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the formation of organic gels by dissolving organic gelling agents in organic solvents. The aryl cyclohexanol gelling agents employed in this invention are not structurally related to previously known gellation agents and they exhibit potent gellation activity, for example, from 0.2-5%, by weight, of gelling agent is able to immobilize a variety of organic solvents. The gels formed range from optically transparent to slightly translucent, and complete fluidity can be restored by either increasing the temperature (reversible) or by chemical treatment (irreversible).

Abstract: Organic liquids can be very effectively gelled by using in combination with an amine neutralized anionic polymer an auxiliary rheological additive. The auxiliary rheological additive is a substance which increases the linearity of the anionic polymer and its thixotropic properties. Suitable auxiliary rheological additives are amphoteric oxides and/or fatty acids and/or fatty acid salts. The organic liquids that can be effectively gelled are organic solvents which include fuels such as hydrocarbons and alcohols.

Abstract: A hypergolic fuel formulation which is consistently hypergolic with inhibd red fuming nitric acid is comprised of diethylethanolamine from about 44-72 weight percent, triethylamine from about 11-18 weight percent, and carbon from about 45-10 weight percent The formulation can be gelled with: silica, clays, carbons, or swellable polymers. The gellants can be combined with chemical agents that stabilize the gel under the standard 30 minute, 500 g centrifuge stability test. A preferred combination comprising diethylethanolamine in an amount of about 44 weight percent, triethylamine in an amount of about 11 weight percent, and carbon in an amount of about 45 weight percent when tested at an oxidizer/fuel ratio of about 4.25 reveals theoretical performance values of specific impulse (ISP) of about 250 at a chamber pressure of 1000 Psi and a density specific impulse (D* ISP) of about 350.

Abstract: A stable gelled material used as a fuel which consists of a composition of diethylene glycol mixed with a gelling agent of fumed silica. Polyethylene glycol may also be added to improve its burning characteristics.