Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a fuel comprising one or more nitrogenous compounds and one or more stabilizer compounds. The stabilizer compounds are compatible with the one or more nitrogenous compounds.

Abstract: Distillate fuel is treated with additives whose structure match the crystal planes of the wax which crystallizes from the fuel to produce crystals below 4000 nanometres in size, suitable additive include novel sulpho-carboxylic materials particularly their esters and amine derivatives such as the amine salts and/or amides of ortho-sulpho benzoic acid.

Abstract: A liquid hydrocarbon particularly fuel oil containing an amine-salt having the formula ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or a hydrogen - and carbon-containing group;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or hydrogen - and carbon containing groups containing at least 12 carbon atom;R.sup.5 is a hyrdrogen-and carbon-containing group containing at least 12 carbon atoms;X is --OR.sup.6, NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 or [--O].sup.-+ [NHR.sup.9 R.sup.10 R.sup.11 ] and Y is --OR.sup.12, NR.sup.13 R.sup.14 or [--O].sup.-+ [NHR.sup.15 R.sup.16 R.sup.17 ]where R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.13, R.sup.14, R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are hydrogen or hydrogen and carbon containing groups, and R.sup.11 and R.sup.17 are hydrogen - and carbon containing groups; provided that R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 cannot all be alkyl groups.

Abstract: Sediment and color formation in distillate fuels are reduced by the addition of a quaternary ammonium compound comprising a cation in which the ratio of carbon atoms to quaternary nitrogen atoms is not more than 10:1 and an anion which is derived from an acid which is a carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, phenol, sulphurized phenol or sulphonic acid.

Abstract: Distillate fuel compositions containing an amine salt of a sulfonic acid and a low volatility carrier fluid are effective in reducing the formation of intake valve deposits in internal combustion engines. Gasoline containing diamine salts in combination with a polyol ester carrier fluid is a particularly preferred distillate fuel composition.