Abstract: A mask assembly including a first mask and a second mask is provided. The first mask includes a plurality of first main features parallel to each other, a plurality of first sub-resolution assistant features (SRAFs) and a plurality of second SRAFs. The second SRAFs are separately disposed at one side of the first main features. The first SRAFs are separately disposed between the first main features and the second SRAFs. An extension direction of the first main features is parallel to an extension direction of the second SRAFs. The second mask includes a plurality of second main features parallel to each other. When the first mask and the second mask are placed at a predetermined position above a negative-type development photoresist layer for performing exposure respectively, the second main features intersect with the first main features and the second main features overlap with the first SRAFs.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for nanostructure field emission cathode structures and methods of making these structures. These structures generally comprise an electrode field emitter comprising a resistive layer having a first surface, a connection pad having a first surface disposed adjacent to the first surface of the resistive layer, and a nanostructure element for emitting electrons in use, the nanostructure element being disposed adjacent to a second surface of the connection pad that is opposite the first surface of the connection pad. Some embodiments also include a coaxial gate electrode that is disposed about the nanostructure element.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display panel includes a substrate and first conductive units. The first conductive units are arranged at a surface of the substrate. Each of the first conductive units includes a plurality of first connecting portions, a plurality of second connecting portions and a conductive portion with a plurality of conductive particles. The conductive portion is located between the first connecting portions and the second connecting portions, thus electrically connecting the first connecting portions to the second connecting portions. A method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel is also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a double-vision touch display device and a manufacturing method thereof, and the double-vision touch display device comprises: a touch circuit; a grating, wherein, the touch circuit comprises: first touch electrodes, second touch electrodes, and a touch control module, and the first touch electrodes cross with and are insulated from the second touch electrodes, and the first touch electrodes and the second touch electrodes are connected with the touch control module, respectively, and the grating is made from an opaque conductive material and formed with the first touch electrodes synchronously.

Abstract: A method of production of a radio frequency accelerator which has a tubular part 1 which forms an acceleration cavity, including a temporary assembly step of making a plurality of component members 11 to 14 which have shapes obtained by splitting the tubular part 1 mate with each other to temporarily assemble them into the shape of the tubular part 10 and a welding step of welding the plurality of component members 11 to 14 together. The temporary assembly step includes a step of placing, inside of the tubular part 1, support members 21 for contacting the inside surface of the tubular part 1 and supporting the tubular part 1 from the inside, and the welding step includes a step of welding the plurality of component members 11 to 14 along the butt lines 51 by friction stir welding.

Abstract: A method (100) creates a braze joint (58) between an anode plate (52) and a piece of graphite (56) of an x-ray tube (38). The method (100) includes receiving (102) the anode plate (52) and the piece of graphite (56). A barrier layer (66) and a braze layer (62) are arranged (104, 106, 108) between the anode plate (52) and the piece of graphite (56), where the barrier layer (66) is between the piece of graphite (56) and the brazing layer (62). The barrier layer (66) is heated (110) with the braze layer (62) to create the braze joint (58) between the anode plate (52) and the piece of graphite (56).

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for making a carbon nanotube field emitter. A carbon nanotube film is drawn from the carbon nanotube array by a drawing tool. The carbon nanotube film includes a triangle region. A portion of the carbon nanotube film closed to the drawing tool is treated into a carbon nanotube wire including a vertex of the triangle region. The triangle region is cut from the carbon nanotube film by a laser beam along a cutting line. A distance between the vertex of the triangle region and the cutting line can be in a range from about 10 microns to about 5 millimeters.

Abstract: A lamp including a first and second lamp substrate with a first and second external electrode, respectively, and a first and second internal phosphor coating, respectively, wherein the first phosphor coating is a phosphor monolayer. A method of manufacturing a lamp, including screen-printing a phosphor monolayer on a first lamp substrate; screen-printing a phosphor layer on a second lamp substrate; joining the phosphor-coated faces of the first and second lamp substrates together with a seal; and joining a first and second electrode to the uncoupled exterior faces of the first and second lamp substrates, respectively.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrode (16) for a high-pressure discharge lamp (10), comprising the following steps: a) scanning at least part of the electrode surface for producing an oxide layer (step 120); b) at least partially sublimating the oxide layer formed in step a) (step 120); and c) reducing the rest of the oxide layer.

Abstract: Methods of the invention can form microtip microplasma devices having the first and second metal microtips and metal oxide in a monolithic, unitary structure. Methods can form arrays that can be flexible, can be arranged in stacks, and can be formed into cylinders, for example, for gas and liquid processing devices, air filters and other applications. A preferred method of forming an array of microtip microplasma devices provides a metal mesh with an array of micro openings therein. Electrode areas of the metal mesh are masked leaving planned connecting metal oxide areas of the metal mesh unmasked. Planned connecting metal oxide areas are electrochemically etched to convert the planned connecting metal oxide areas to metal oxide that encapsulates opposing metal microtips therein. The mask is removed. The electrode areas are electrochemically etched to encapsulate the electrode areas in metal oxide.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of manufacturing an OLED device (10), which method comprises applying a number of conductive strips (4) onto a substrate (1); depositing an organic layer (2) onto the substrate (1) within a region bounded by the conductive strips (4); applying a sealant onto the conductive strips (4) to encapsulate the OLED device (10); and depositing a conductive protective layer (6) at least partially onto each conductive strip (4) such that a surface of a conductive strip (4) external to the sealant is protected by the conductive protective layer (6).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for making the sheet-shaped heat and light source. An array of carbon nanotubes on a substrate is provided. A carbon nanotube film is formed by pressing the array of carbon nanotubes. A first electrode and a second electrode are electrically connected with the carbon nanotube film. Furthermore, a method for heating an object is related.

Abstract: A method for making an emitter is disclosed. A number of carbon nanotubes in parallel with each other are provided. The carbon nanotubes have a number of first ends and a number of second ends opposite to the number of first ends. The first ends are attached on a first electrode and the second ends are attached on a second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are spaced from each other. A voltage is supplied between the first electrode and the second electrode to break the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: According to embodiments, an inner electrode having a plurality of gas holes includes a first contact surface provided to a part of an outer peripheral surface. An outer electrode includes a second contact surface provided to a part of an inner peripheral surface, corresponding to the first contact surface of the inner electrode. The inner electrode and the outer electrode come into contact with each other on the first and second contact surfaces. A brazing filler metal is filled in a brazing filler metal filling hole that reaches from front side main surfaces of the inner electrode and the outer electrode to the contact surfaces to join the inner electrode and the outer electrode.

Abstract: An anode with a linear main direction of extent for an x-ray device, has an anode body and a focal track layer, which is connected to the anode body in a material-bonding manner on a focal track layer volume portion of the anode body. At least one cooling channel for the cooling of the anode body and the focal track layer is arranged in the interior of the anode body and at least the focal track layer volume portion is formed of a material with at least a basic matrix of refractory metal. The focal track layer volume portion extends as far as to the cooling channel.

Abstract: An electrode for a spark plug includes an electrode base material and a noble metal element, the noble metal element being fastened to the electrode base material using a welding connection. The welding connection has a maximum extension perpendicular to an area of the electrode at which the noble metal element is fastened, and the welding connection has a maximum width at the area. A ratio of the maximum extension to the maximum width is greater than, or equal to 3.

Abstract: A material of variable emissivity includes a first metallic layer having a first aperture, a second metallic layer having a second aperture, and a variable dielectric layer interposed between the first metallic layer and the second metallic layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an electrostatic discharging structure including single-wall carbon nano tubes disposed between electrodes at a predetermined interval to precisely control discharge starting voltage generating a discharge phenomenon between electrodes, and a method of manufacturing an electrostatic discharging structure.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrode for a spark plug is provided. The method includes machining locating holes within a blank material, inserting a rod of a different material into the locating holes and brazing the rod to the blank. An electrode receiving aperture is machined into the blank. The step of machining the aperture exposes a surface of the rod to form a contact portion of the electrode.

Abstract: A spark ignition device, ground electrode therefor, and methods of construction thereof are provided. The spark ignition device includes a generally annular ceramic insulator with a metal shell surrounding at least a portion of the ceramic insulator. A center electrode is received at least in part in the ceramic insulator and a ground electrode extends from the shell to a free end portion. A firing tip is attached adjacent the free end portion of the ground electrode to provide a spark gap between the center electrode and the firing tip. The free end portion is at least partially bounded by at least one “as laser cut” peripheral side extending adjacent the firing tip.

Abstract: A rotary X-ray anode has a support body and a focal track formed on the support body. The support body and the focal track are produced as a composite by powder metallurgy. The support body is formed from molybdenum or a molybdenum-based alloy and the focal track is formed from tungsten or a tungsten-based alloy. Here, in the conclusively heat-treated rotary X-ray anode, at least one portion of the focal track is located in a non-recrystallized and/or in a partially recrystallized structure.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a substrate, a pair of electrode layers disposed on the substrate, a light-emitting element disposed between the pair of electrode layers to keep a first space with each of the pair of electrode layers while electrically connecting with each of the pair of electrode layers, and a pair of reflection layers, each extending in overlapping relation from one to the other one of the pair of electrode layers as seen in a transparent plan view. The light-emitting element is disposed between the pair of reflection layers to keep a second space with each of the pair of reflection layers.

Abstract: A touch panel including a substrate, at least one first sensing series and at least one second sensing series is provided. The first sensing series is disposed on the substrate and extends along a first direction. The first sensing series includes several first sensing pads and at least one first bridge line. The first bridge line connects two adjacent first sensing pads, and a material of the first bridge line differs from a material of the first sensing pads. The second sensing series is disposed on the substrate and extends along a second direction. The first direction is different from the second direction. The second sensing series includes several second sensing pads and at least one second bridge line. The second bridge line connects two adjacent second sensing pads.

Abstract: An electrode material that may be used in spark plugs and other ignition devices including industrial plugs, aviation igniters, glow plugs, or any other device that is used to ignite an air/fuel mixture in an engine. The electrode material is a metal composite and includes a particulate component embedded or dispersed within a matrix component such that the metal composite has a multi-phase microstructure. In one embodiment, the metal composite includes a matrix component that includes a precious metal and makes up about 2-80% wt of the overall composite and a particulate component that includes a ruthenium-based material and makes up about 20-98% wt of the overall composite.

Abstract: A method of forming a display is provided, wherein the method includes forming a first electrode layer on a first substrate, forming an organic light emitting diode (OLED) stack on the first electrode, forming a second electrode layer over the OLED stack, and forming a bonding layer over the second electrode layer, wherein the bonding layer comprises a conductive material. The bonding layer and the second electrode layer are patterned to form a plurality of micro-OLEDs, wherein the patterning is performed by removing a portion of the bonding layer and the second electrode layer. The plurality of micro-OLEDs on the first substrate is joined to a plurality of pixels in an electronic backplane on a second substrate, wherein any one pixel in the electronic backplane can couple to a varied subset of micro-OLEDs in the plurality of micro-OLEDs.

Abstract: A touch apparatus, a transparent scan electrode, a geometric electrode structure and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The transparent scan electrode structure comprises a first transparent scan electrode, a second transparent scan electrode and an isolative layer. The first transparent scan electrode comprises a first resistance region and a second resistance region. A resistance value of the second resistance region is higher than that of the first resistance region. The isolative layer is disposed between the first transparent scan electrode and the second transparent scan electrode.

Abstract: A transparent electrode for a display device includes a nanocarbon material and a dopant comprising at least one of aluminum, alumina, palladium, and gold. In some embodiments, the transparent electrode has excellent transparency and low resistance.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of manufacturing an electrode (1) for a gas-discharge lamp, which method comprises forming an electrode shaft (10); forming a coil (2) over a winding length (L W); arranging the coil (2) on the electrode shaft (10); and melting material of the coil (2) such that, when the melted coil material has re-solidified, the solidified material (30,31) comprises a one-piece shell (3), which one-piece shell (3) comprises a fused portion (30) over a fraction (L T) of the winding length (L W) and a mantle portion (31) over a remainder (L B) of the winding length (L W).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for making the sheet-shaped heat and light source. An array of carbon nanotubes on a substrate is provided. A carbon nanotube film is formed by pressing the array of carbon nanotubes. A first electrode and a second electrode are electrically connected with the carbon nanotube film. Furthermore, a method for heating an object is related.

Abstract: An electrode for a discharge lamp, wherein the electrode comprises a pin and a mass arranged on an end of the pin by melting over an electrode coil. The pin consists of tungsten with microstructure-stabilizing additives, wherein the concentration of the microstructure-stabilizing additives is greater than or equal to 30 ppm. The electrode coil consists of pure tungsten, which has additives at most up to a concentration of 20 ppm.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are lamps which comprises a discharge vessel comprised of a ceramic material; at least one electrode extending into the discharge vessel; an ionizable fill sealed within the discharge vessel, the fill comprising Hg, a buffer gas component, and a halide component comprising at least an alkali metal halide component and a rare earth halide component; a source of available oxygen; and a metallic component. The discharge vessel defines an interior space which comprises available oxygen during lamp operation conditions. Also disclosed herein are associated methods for making and using such lamps. Disclosed advantages may include mitigating some of the deleterious effects of highly electronegative species, enhanced lumens, and balancing the level of available oxygen for wall cleaning.

Abstract: A field emission anode plate (1), a field emission light source and a manufacturing method for the light source are provided. The field emission anode plate comprises a transparent ceramic base (10) and an anode conductive layer (11) provided on the surface of the transparent ceramic base which can be excited to produce light by cathode rays. The field emission light source comprises the field emission anode plate, a field emission cathode plate (2) and a supporter (3). The field emission cathode plate comprises a substrate (20) and a cathode conductive layer (21) provided on the surface of the substrate. The anode conductive layer and the cathode conductive layer are arranged opposite to each other, and two ends of the supporter are hermetically connected to the field emission anode plate and the field emission cathode plate respectively, thus the field emission anode plate, the field emission cathode plate and the supporter constitute a vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A conductive paste composition is provided. The conductive paste composition includes 20 to 70 weight % of silver nanoparticles having an average particle size of 1 nm to 250 nm based on a total weight of the conductive paste composition, and 0.01 to 2 weight % of silver-decorated carbon nanotubes based on the total weight of the conductive paste composition.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of manufacturing an OLED device (10), which method comprises applying a number of conductive strips (4) onto a substrate (1); depositing an organic layer (2) onto the substrate (1) within a region bounded by the conductive strips (4); applying a sealant onto the conductive strips (4) to encapsulate the OLED device (10); and depositing a conductive protective layer (6) at least partially onto each conductive strip (4) such that a surface of a conductive strip (4) external to the sealant is protected by the conductive protective layer (6).

Abstract: A first side has a first surface on which is located a material, at least a portion of which is to be formed into at least one tip. A second side has a second surface which is heated. At least one of the first and second surfaces being moved so material located on the first surface comes into physical contact with the second surface. Then at least one of the first side and the second side are moved, wherein the physical contact between the material and the second surface is maintained, causing the material to stretch between the second surface and the first surface, generating at least one capillary bridge. Movement is continued until the physical contact between the material and the second surface is broken resulting in the formation of at least one sharp conductive tip.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming a PDP front electrode by applying a particular type of photopolymerizable black paste, drying the black paste, and applying a particular type of photopolymerizable white paste on top of the dried black paste.

Abstract: An improved two layer electrode structure is fabricated on a surface. According to one aspect of the invention, the first layer of the electrode structure is designed to provide electrical contact to a fluid electronic material and the second layer of the electrode structure is formed so as to constrain the fluid electronic material in a precise pattern. Alternatively, the second layer of the two-layer electrode structure includes a low surface energy material to further assist in constraining the fluid electronic material to the desired pattern. In another alternative, the first layer of the electrode structure includes a transparent electrode material, that is coupled to an electro-optical device. The second layer of this electrode structure includes a high conductivity material that is coupled to the first layer of the electrode structure in an area not directly over the electro-optical device to improve the conductivity of the transparent electrode structure.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent lighting device that can reduce the occurrence of short-circuiting caused by inrush current. The organic electroluminescent lighting device includes: transparent substrate 1; positive electrode film 2 that is formed on the surface of transparent substrate 1 and includes terminal 2a formed at one end or both ends and electrode 2b formed continuously from terminal 2a; negative electrode terminal film 3 that is formed separate from positive electrode film 2 on the surface of transparent substrate 1 and includes first resistive region 7; organic light emitting film 4 formed on the surface of electrode 2b of positive electrode film 2; and negative electrode film 5 continuously formed from the surface of organic light emitting film 4 to the surface of negative electrode terminal film 3.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has first and second substrates. A first electrode on the first substrate is alignment-treated and a second electrode on the second substrate is alignment-treated. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Alignment-treating includes forming an alignment direction. The alignment direction of the first and second substrates is formed, by irradiating an ion beam onto the first and second electrodes using an ion beam irradiation apparatus.

Abstract: A lamp electrode includes a sealed tube for generating light when powered by an external power supply and a pair of electrodes formed on the ends of the sealed tube. Solder is filled into the space between each electrode and the sealed tube, and formed on the surface of the exterior surface of the electrodes. A method for forming the lamp electrode includes forming a cylindrically shaped electrode on an end of a sealed tube; maintaining a supply of solder in the liquid state; and dipping the end of the tube on which the electrode is formed into the solder.

Abstract: The invention describes an electrode (1) for use in a lamp (3) comprising a quartz glass envelope (30) enclosing a chamber (31), which electrode (1) comprises a tip for extending into the chamber (31) and base for embedding in a sealed portion (33) of the quartz glass envelope (30), characterized in that the base comprises a plurality of essentially smooth concave channels (2) arranged around the body of the electrode (2) and wherein the depth (dch) of a channel (2) is preferably at most 8 percent, more preferably at most 5 percent, most preferably at most 3 percent of a diameter (De) of the electrode (2).

Abstract: A method for making the electron emission apparatus is provided. In the method, an insulating substrate including a surface is provided. A number of grids are formed on the insulating substrate and defined by a plurality of electrodes. A number of conductive linear structures are fabricated and supported by the electrodes. The number of conductive linear structures are substantially parallel to the surface and each of the grids contains at least one of the conductive linear structures. The conductive linear structures are cut to form a number of electron emitters. Each of the electron emitters has two electron emission ends defining a gap therebetween.

Abstract: A new Rhenium alloy usable for improving the performance of emission filaments used in mass spectrometers or other similar scientific instruments, which is made by adding low level concentrations of Yttrium Oxide to Rhenium of less than 10%. This new alloy has demonstrated superior performance characteristics compared to pure Rhenium for this purpose. Filaments made from the Yttria/Rhenium alloy exhibit the same voltage, current and emission properties as Rhenium but have the added advantage of greatly decreasing warping during use. The Rhenium alloy filaments are usable with various shapes and configurations including straight filaments, multiple coiled filaments and pin shaped filaments. Electron microscopy and microscopy studies verify that the Yttria/Rhenium material of the new alloy has a smaller grain size and increased strength when compared to pure Rhenium, which accounts for the enhanced structural strength.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display apparatus using a micro cavity method comprises a first sub pixel, a second pixel and a third pixel, each of which emits different color from an emission layer interposed between two electrodes. The first sub pixel, the second sub pixel and the third sub pixel form a unit pixel. Emission layers of the first and second sub pixels are formed so as to have the same pattern throughout the first and second sub pixels, and an emission layer of the third sub pixel is formed so as to have a pattern separate from the first and second sub pixels. In this structure, three-colored emission layers may be formed using two mask processes so that productivity is improved due to process simplification, and high-resolution is realized due to a decrease in the distance between deposited patterns.

Abstract: In a preferred method of formation embodiment, a thin metal foil or film is obtained or formed with microcavities (such as through holes). The foil or film is anodized symmetrically so as to form a metal-oxide film on the surface of the foil and on the walls of the microcavities. One or more self-patterned metal electrodes are automatically formed and simultaneously buried in the metal oxide created by the anodization process. The electrodes form in a closed circumference around each microcavity, and electrodes for adjacent microcavities can be isolated or connected. If the microcavity is cylindrical, the electrodes form as rings around each cavity.

Abstract: In an electrode having a structure in which a coil is wound around an electrode rod, an ignition performance is ensured while preventing abnormal discharge and sputtering, an appropriate electrode temperature is obtained during drive, and having this operation maintained even if the lamp is repeatedly turned on and off. A discharge lamp electrode (30) having an electrode rod (10) and a coil (20) wound around a discharge portion (11) of the electrode rod includes a first welding portion (41) in which a front end of the coil is welded to the discharge portion, a second welding portion (42) in which a rear end of the coil is welded to the discharge portion, and a weld-joining portion (50) in which at least a pair of adjacent coil portions in windings of the coil are welded to each other.

Abstract: The present invention improves mechanical strength of an electrode and provides an EL device etc. with excellent durability. An EL device includes a pair of electrodes 11 and 12 on a substrate 2, and a light emitting layer 15 provided between the electrodes 11 and 12. One of the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 is a metal electrode. The metal electrode is a multilayer including a lower layer 20 of aluminum metal and an upper layer 21 of nickel metal formed above the lower layer. Only the upper layer 21 of the lower layer 20 and the upper layer 21 contains a nitrogen element derived from sputtering gas. As the material of the upper layer 21, for example, an alloy of nickel and copper is preferable.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fabricating a flat panel display device are discussed. According to an embodiment, the apparatus includes a coating line configured to form a transparent conductive metal layer on a substrate, a blackening line configured to blacken the transparent conductive metal layer, an exposure line configured to expose the blackened metal layer, a developing line configured to receive the exposed substrate having the blackened metal layer and to perform development on the received substrate to form a blackened metal pattern on the substrate, and an annealing line configured to perform annealing on the blackened metal pattern on the substrate to restore the blackened metal pattern to a transparent metal pattern.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission double-plane light source includes following steps. A metallic based network, a pair of anodes, and a number of supporting members, are provided. Each of the anodes includes an anode conductive layer and a fluorescent layer formed on the anode conductive layer. A number of carbon nanotubes, metallic conductive particles, glass particles and getter powders are mixed to form an admixture. The admixture is coated on an upper surface and a bottom surface of the network. The admixture on the upper and bottom surfaces of the network is dried and baked. The anodes, the cathode, and the supporting members are assembled and sealed to obtain the field emission double-plane light source.

Abstract: Provided is an electrode for a high pressure discharge lamp, which prevents spring-back of an electrode coil, and which has high productivity and high accuracy in positioning the coil. The electrode for the high pressure discharge lamp includes: an electrode core bar (30); and a coil (35) mounted on the electrode core bar, and is configured as follows. The electrode core bar (30) includes: a small-diameter section (31) on a power supply side; and a large-diameter section (32) on a leading end side. The large-diameter section (32) has: a large-diameter portion (32a) on the small-diameter section side; a small-diameter portion (32b) having a smaller outer diameter than the large-diameter portion, the small-diameter portion forming a step (s) with the large-diameter portion therebetween; and a leading end portion (32c). The coil (35) covers a portion between the step (s) and the leading end portion.