Abstract: An electronic circuit including: a differential multiplier circuit with a first differential input and a second differential input and a differential output; and a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit including: (1) a balanced differential mixer circuit with a first differential input electrically connected to the differential output of the differential multiplier circuit, a second differential input, and an output; (2) a loop filter having an output and an input electrically connected to the output of the balanced differential mixer circuit; and (3) a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit having an input electrically connected to the output of the loop filter and with an output electrically feeding back to the second differential input of the balanced differential mixer circuit.

Abstract: Provided are a communication anti-interference detection method and device. The method includes: demodulating an input radio-frequency signal to acquire a demodulated signal; convolving a first signal and a second signal to acquire a detection signal, so as to detect whether there is an interfering signal in the input radio-frequency signal, wherein the first signal is a signal acquired by performing inverse Fourier transform on the demodulated signal, and the second signal is a signal acquired by performing phase inversion on a preset baseband signal; and performing anti-interference processing on an interfered signal, wherein a signal anti-interference method further includes: after deconvolving the interfering detection signal, performing subtraction or inverse superposition on the detection signal and the first signal, and filtering out the interfering signal to acquire a third signal; and modulating the third signal to acquire an output radio-frequency signal.

Abstract: A radar signal processing system with a self-interference cancelling function includes an analog front end (AFE) processor, an analog to digital converter (ADC), an adaptive interference canceller (AIC), and a digital to analog converter (DAC). The AFE processor receives an original input signal and generates an analog input signal. The ADC converts the analog input signal to a digital input signal. The AIC generates a digital interference signal digital interference signal by performing an adaptive interference cancellation process according to the digital input signal. The DAC converts the digital interference signal to an analog interference signal. Finally, the analog interference signal is fed back to the AFE and cancelled from the original input signal in the AFE processor while performing the front end process, reducing the interference of the static interference from the leaking of a close-by transmitter during the front end process.

Abstract: An RF flip chip is provided in which a local bump region adjacent a die corner includes a balun having a centrally-located bump.

Abstract: Methods and systems for distinguishing between radar signals and Wi-Fi signals are provided. When a set of electromagnetic signals are received, various tests are performed on the signals to determine if the signals are associated with radar pulses or if the signals are more likely to be associated with stray Wi-Fi signals or other non-radar interference. One such test relies on the relatively small variance of frequencies used by radar pulses when compared to the high variation of Wi-Fi signals. Another test relies on the relatively low peak to average power ratio of signals associated with radar pulses when compared to Wi-Fi signals. The tests described herein are an improvement on existing methods for distinguishing radar signals from Wi-Fi signals and result in less switching of Wi-Fi channels due to erroneously detected radar signals.

Abstract: The response of a coil based current measuring circuit is often proportional to frequency. To correct for this a low pass or integrating function is applied to the response to linearize it. The low pass filter is made from real resistors and capacitors, and tolerances in their values significantly affect the estimate of current. The present approach can provide a way of addressing such problems. This allows consumers of electricity to have confidence in the accuracy of, for example, their electricity meter.

Abstract: A split-steer amplifier with an invertible phase output, includes a first transistor having its base coupled to a positive node of an input port, its emitter coupled to ground, and collector connected to a positive intermediate node; a second transistor having its base coupled to a negative node of the input port, its emitter coupled to ground, and collector connected to a negative intermediate node; and multiple output ports each having a transistor arrangement operable to couple a positive node of that output port to the positive intermediate node and a negative node of that output port to the negative intermediate node, operable to couple the positive node of that output port to the negative intermediate node and the negative node of that output port to the positive intermediate node, and operable to decouple the positive node and the negative node of that output port from the intermediate nodes.

Abstract: A broadband power amplifier device includes an input matching network including first, second and third inductors, a driver amplifier, and first, second and third frequency modulators. First inductor has one end connected to output of a mixer and the other end connected to one end of the first frequency modulator, with the other end of the first frequency modulator being grounded. The second inductor has one end connected to one end of first inductor and the other end connected to input of driver amplifier, with second frequency modulator being connected across second inductor. Third inductor has one end connected to output of driver amplifier and the other end connected to input of power amplifier, with third frequency modulator being connected across third inductor. Bandwidth of power amplifier device can be extended and area and current consumption thereof can be reduced, while power can be improved without large LO driver.

Abstract: A circuit for subharmonic detection includes in-phase and quadrature mixers, first and second filters, and a processing circuit. The in-phase mixer has a first mixer input and a first mixer output. The quadrature mixer has a second mixer input and a second mixer output, the first mixer input coupled to the second mixer input. The first filter circuit has a first filter input and a first filter output, the first filter input coupled to the first mixer output. The second filter circuit has a second filter input and a second filter output, the second filter input coupled to the second mixer output. The processing circuit has a first input and a second input, the first input of the processing circuit coupled to the first filter output, the second input of the processing circuit coupled to the second filter output.

Abstract: A system with an acoustic filter array for analog processing of radio signals above 8 GHz includes a receiver and a downconverter to down-convert an incoming signal into an intermediate frequency range (IF). Downconverter includes suppression of local oscillator image. An active manifold splits the IF signal into separate parallel feeds into individual acoustic filter elements in an acoustic filter array. Acoustic filter array provides individually channelized IF outputs. Each IF manifold feed and corresponding acoustic filter output channel is associated with an analog-to-digital converter or system switch.

Abstract: A system and method of processing a search request is provided. Identification of a desired content item is based on comparing a topic of the search request to previous user input. The method includes providing access to a set of content items with metadata that describes the corresponding content items and providing information about previous searches. The method further includes receiving a present input from the user and determining a relatedness measure between the information about the previous searches and an element of the present input. If the relatedness measure is high, the method also includes selecting a subset of content items based on comparing the present input and information about the previous searches with the metadata that describes the subset of content items. Otherwise, the method includes selecting a subset of content items based on comparing the present input with the metadata that describes the subset of content items.

Abstract: A wideband receiver system comprises a wideband analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module and a digital frontend (DFE) module. The wideband ADC is configured to concurrently digitize a band of frequencies comprising a plurality of desired channels and a plurality of undesired channels. The DFE module is coupled to the digital in-phase and quadrature signals. The DFE module is configured to select the plurality of desired channels from the digitized band of frequencies, and generate an intermediate frequency (IF) signal comprising the selected plurality of desired channels and having a bandwidth that is less than a bandwidth of the band of frequencies, where the generation comprises frequency shifting of the selected plurality of desired channels. The IF signal may be a digital signal and the DFE is configured to output the IF signal via a serial or parallel interface.

Abstract: A microfabricated spectrometer uses at least one filter to discriminate the frequency components of an incoming RF signal. The filter center frequencies are chosen to correspond to wavelengths of target species which may be present in the gas, and radiating at a characteristic frequency.

Abstract: A switching mixer array is disclosed for the mixing of a digital LO signal with an analog input signal. Each switching mixer in the array is configured to assume either a first switching state or second switching state responsive to a respective bit of the digital LO signal.

Abstract: A wideband receiver system comprises a wideband analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module and a digital frontend (DFE) module. The wideband ADC is configured to concurrently digitize a band of frequencies comprising a plurality of desired channels and a plurality of undesired channels. The DFE module is coupled to the digital in-phase and quadrature signals. The DFE module is configured to select the plurality of desired channels from the digitized band of frequencies, and generate an intermediate frequency (IF) signal comprising the selected plurality of desired channels and having a bandwidth that is less than a bandwidth of the band of frequencies, where the generation comprises frequency shifting of the selected plurality of desired channels. The IF signal may be a digital signal and the DFE is configured to output the IF signal via a serial or parallel interface.

Abstract: A mixer includes a first unit mixer, a second unit mixer, a third unit mixer, and a fourth unit mixer that have the same configuration and a first combiner, a second combiner, and a third combiner that have the same configuration. The first to the fourth unit mixers each include a differential RF signal terminal. Output of the first unit mixer and output of the second unit mixer are combined by the second combiner. Output of the third unit mixer and output of the fourth unit mixer are combined by the third combiner. Output of the second combiner and output of the third combiner are combined by the first combiner. The output of the third unit mixer is input to the third combiner with the polarity being determined.

Abstract: LMS adaption systems and methods disclosed herein adaptively switch between modes of operation that selectively avoid using the imaginary part of an error signal, in effect, allowing for an LMS adaption that switches between utilizing only the real part of the error signal and utilizing the full complex error signal. Various embodiments take advantage of this added flexibility by implementing a dynamic power saving scheme that, for example, during times when high tracking performance (e.g., high accuracy or high SNR) is not needed, saves power by not energizing a number of multiplier and adder circuits that are expensive in terms of power consumption, thereby, trading power savings for a possible temporary reduction in tracking performance. In embodiments, power savings are accomplished by adaptive power-gating systems and methods that in parts of an analog LMS adaption circuit turn on and off current sources in analog multiplier circuits on demand.

Abstract: A method for operating a radio frequency communications system includes, while operating a first radio frequency communications device in a calibration mode, for each setting of a plurality of settings of a programmable gain amplifier in a receiver of the first radio frequency communications device configured in a zero-intermediate frequency mode of operation, generating an estimate of a DC offset in each of a plurality of digital samples received from an analog circuit path including the programmable gain amplifier, and storing in a corresponding storage element, a compensation value based on the estimate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radio frequency (RF) amplifier having channel selectivity. The RF amplifier includes a main path including an amplifier, and a feedforward path including a gain/phase compensator, a high-pass filter, and a mixer.

Abstract: A radio receiver comprises a local oscillator arrangement and a controller. The local oscillator arrangement is arranged to provide a signal for down-conversion of radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency or a baseband frequency in the radio receiver, and the local oscillator arrangement is capable of selectably providing multiple frequency generation qualities. The controller is arranged to estimate a tolerable frequency generation quality for the current operation of the radio receiver or determine whether the current operation of the radio receiver is satisfactory in sense of a currently provided frequency generation quality, and based on the estimation or determination adjust frequency generation quality of the local oscillator arrangement by selecting one of the multiple frequency generation qualities. A radio arrangement, a method and a computer program are also disclosed.

Abstract: A wideband receiver system comprises a wideband analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module and a digital frontend (DFE) module. The wideband ADC is configured to concurrently digitize a band of frequencies comprising a plurality of desired channels and a plurality of undesired channels. The DFE module is coupled to the digital in-phase and quadrature signals. The DFE module is configured to select the plurality of desired channels from the digitized band of frequencies, and generate an intermediate frequency (IF) signal comprising the selected plurality of desired channels and having a bandwidth that is less than a bandwidth of the band of frequencies, where the generation comprises frequency shifting of the selected plurality of desired channels. The IF signal may be a digital signal and the DFE is configured to output the IF signal via a serial or parallel interface.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a substantially constant DC reference voltage. The apparatus includes a reference voltage generator configured to generate a substantially constant direct current (DC) reference voltage based on a voltage on a data signal transmission line, wherein the voltage is based on a bandgap reference voltage. In one implementation, the data signal transmission line is a differential signal transmission line and the voltage is a common mode voltage. In another implementation, the data signal transmission line is an I-data signal transmission line and a Q-data signal transmission line, and the voltage is an average or weighted-average of the common mode voltages of the I- and Q-differential signals. In another implementation, the reference voltage is based on a single-ended (e.g., positive- and/or negative)-component or vice-versa of I- and Q-data signals, respectively.

Abstract: A network routing device, a network data transmission method, and a network access device. The network routing device's first network transmission processing module is configured to convert a received data signal into at least two baseband signals, send one baseband signal to a first radio frequency unit, and send another baseband signal to a first wired communication module. The first radio frequency unit converts the baseband signal into a radio frequency signal and sends the radio frequency signal by using a first antenna, and the first wired communication module converts the baseband signal into a network signal that can be transmitted in a wired transmission medium and sends the network signal to the wired transmission medium for transmission. According to the network routing device, a signal can be transmitted in both a wired manner and a wireless manner. This improves signal transmission reliability.

Abstract: A radio receiver has a front end having a shared amplification path for both radio frequency signals and intermediate frequency signals. In one example, the shared amplification path can include a low noise amplifier and an attenuator. By amplifying both radio frequency (RF) signals and intermediate frequency (IF) signals with the same shared amplification path, gains in power efficiency, and reductions in cost and circuit size can be achieved.

Abstract: This disclosure falls into the field of voice communication systems, more specifically it is related to the field of voice quality estimation in a packet based voice communication system. In particular the disclosure provides a method and device for reducing a prediction error of the voice quality estimation by considering the content of lost packets. Furthermore, this disclosure provides a method and device which uses a voice quality estimating algorithm to calculate the voice quality estimate based on an input which is switchable between a first and a second input mode.

Abstract: For example, an apparatus may include a Local Oscillator (LO) generator configured to generate a distributed modulated LO signal by modulating an LO signal based on a reset signal; and a plurality of Physical Layer (PHY) chains to receive the distributed modulated LO signal, which is distributed to the plurality of PHY chains by the LO generator, a PHY chain of the plurality of PHY chains including a reset detector configured to detect the reset signal based on the distributed modulated LO signal, and, based on a detection of the reset signal, to reset one or more Radio Frequency (RF) elements of the PHY chain.

Abstract: In embodiments of the present disclosure, weighting on a direct current component coefficient dci? of an I-channel signal and a direct current component coefficient dcq? of a Q-channel signal is performed based on spatial leakage factors k1 and k2 of a microwave chip and a current attenuation amount of a tunable attenuator, to determine a corrected direct current component coefficient dci of the I-channel signal and a corrected direct current component coefficient dcq of the Q-channel signal, and a direct current component superimposed to the I-channel signal of the microwave chip and a direct current component superimposed to the Q-channel signal of the microwave chip are respectively determined based on the corrected direct current component coefficient dci of the I-channel signal and the corrected direct current component coefficient dcq of the Q-channel signal.

Abstract: A touchscreen display including a touchscreen panel with a set of spaced-apart electrically-conductive transmit lines and a set of spaced-apart electrically-conductive receive lines extending in orthogonal directions. A set of class-D transmit drivers generate transmit signals applied to the transmit lines based on a driving pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signals, respectively. The PWM signals control the amplitude, phase, and slew rate of the pulses of the transmit signals, respectively. The parameters of the pulses are controlled so that the transmit signals arrive with substantially the same amplitude, phase, and slew rate at each receiver regardless of which transmit driver generated the transmit signal. This allows a single anti-phase signal at each receiver to substantially cancel out the receive signal during no panel load.

Abstract: Embodiments are described of devices and methods for processing a signal using a plurality of vector signal generators (VSGs). A digital signal may be provided to a plurality of signal paths, each of which may process a respective frequency band of the signal, the respective frequency bands having regions of overlap. The gain and phase of each signal path may be adjusted such that continuity of phase and magnitude are preserved through the regions of overlap. The adjustment of gain and phase may be accomplished by a complex multiply with a complex calibration constant. The calibration constant may be determined for each signal path by comparing the gain and phase of one or more calibration tones generated within each region of overlap. Each signal path may comprise a VSG to convert the respective signal to an analog signal, which may be combined to obtain a composite signal.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems and apparatuses for converting a single-ended analog signal into a differential analog signal. In some implementations, a single-ended to differential signal converter may include an N-path filter to generate a 180 degree phase-shifted version of a single-ended input signal. The single-ended input signal and the 180 degree phase-shifted version of the single-ended input signal together may form a differential signal. In some implementations, the N-path filter may delay the single-ended input through a series of switched capacitors.

Abstract: An inductive power transmitter comprising a transmission circuit having a coil, the transmission circuit tuned, adapted or optimised at or about a first frequency for inductive power transfer or object detection; an inverter operable to drive the transmission circuit at the first frequency; and a controller arranged to control the inverter to drive the transmission circuit at a second higher frequency, and to modulate a signal at the second higher frequency according to a predetermined handshake signal in order to generate a response from a predetermined non-authorised device proximate the coil.

Abstract: Measurement systems and methods are provided for performing preselection to remove images and spurs from a signal being measured that automatically determines a threshold value that is used in the preselection algorithm. Using the automatically-determined threshold value in the preselection algorithm improves image and spur removal from the final trace that is displayed on the display device of the measurement system by trading off the risk of images or spurs being contained in the final trace against the average level of noise bias.

Abstract: Distributed antenna systems supporting digital data signal propagation between remote antenna clusters, and related distributed antenna systems, components and methods are disclosed. The distributed antenna systems facilitate distributing digital data signals to provide digital data services remotely to distributed remote antenna units. The digital data signals may be propagated between remote antenna units within a remote antenna cluster for digital data signals transmitted to wireless client devices in the distributed antenna system and for digital data signals received from wireless client devices in the distributed antenna system. Received digital data signals from wireless client devices can be propagated from remote antenna unit to remote antenna unit in a remote antenna cluster until the digital data signals reach a wired network device for communication over a network.

Abstract: A method for populating a plurality of radio stations on a user device, the method includes receiving the plurality of radio stations, including a radio station signal type, receiving a broadcast area for each of the plurality of radio stations, receiving a request for radio service from the user device, the request for radio service comprising a location of the user device, a user device signal threshold, and a user device antenna capability, wherein the user device antenna capability comprises at least one signal type, calculating a plurality of user device ranges for each of the plurality of radio stations, determining, a plurality of in-range radio stations, filtering, the plurality of in-range radio stations based at least in part on the user device signal threshold, further filtering the plurality of in-range radio stations based at least in part on the user device antenna capability, and transmitting the plurality of in-range radio stations, and related content for the each of the plurality of in-range

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for processing a received communication signal by a UE using an analog complex filter and using a single analog-to-digital converter (ADC). A control channel of the communication signal may be decoded to determine the frequency range in which a payload channel is located. The UE may then demodulate only the frequency range containing the payload channel. A complex representation of the received payload channel may be provided to the analog complex filter, with the payload channel shifted to a non-zero frequency IF. The analog complex filter may attenuate any portion of the complex representation that falls near ?IF. The UE may then convert only one component path of the filtered complex representation to a digital signal. A complex representation of the digital signal may then be generated, with the payload channel shifted to DC.

Abstract: A system and method for populating an available radio station broadcast list on a mobile device configured with a radio transmitter is disclosed.

Abstract: The Distributed Combined Junctional Transformer (abbreviated in this document as repeater station) provides a system to take any input wireless signal in any frequency and using any modulation and multiplexing schemes, convert it to the desired format and frequency and subsequently transmits the new wireless signal. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a repeater station comprises: an input antenna section capable of receiving the input signal generated by any source device in radio, microwave, infrared, visible or ultraviolet spectrums; an input conversion section translating the input wireless signal to a baseband signal if required; a baseband processing section that interprets the information of the input signal, converts the signal to the desired format and controls the other sections; an output conversion section which translates the baseband frequency output signal to the desired carrier output frequency if required; and an output antenna section which transmits the output signal.

Abstract: A receiver having a test signal generator configured to generate a test signal that free of a requirement to be frequency locked, and to measure a frequency of the test signal; and a local oscillator signal source configured to tune a local oscillator signal to a difference frequency with respect to the measured test signal frequency, wherein the difference frequency falls within a passband of a passband filter of the receiver.

Abstract: There is provided a method of frequency assignment of wireless radio audio transmission systems having a plurality of wireless transmitters and at least one wireless receiver. The wireless transmitters can represent first wireless transmitters which in the switched-on condition can approach another wireless transmitter below an established minimum spacing and second wireless transmitters which in the switched-on condition cannot approach below the minimum spacing. The wireless transmitters serve for example to transmit an audio signal wirelessly to the at least one wireless receiver. The transmission frequencies of the first wireless transmitters are assigned having regard to possible intermodulation effects. The transmission frequencies of the second wireless transmitters are assigned having regard to the relative spatial distances of the second wireless transmitters relative to each other.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus, for example a digital oscilloscope, receives an amplitude modulated (AM) signal comprising a baseband signal, having a baseband waveform, modulating a carrier signal, and reconstructs the baseband waveform. The measurement apparatus: samples the AM signal at a sampling rate which produces a plurality of data samples for each period of the carrier signal; determines the amplitude of the baseband signal for each of a plurality of periods of the carrier signal from at least some of the plurality of data samples for each period; and reconstructs the baseband waveform from the amplitudes of the baseband signal for each of the plurality of periods of the carrier signal. The measurement apparatus may display the reconstructed baseband waveform on a display device.

Abstract: A phased array architecture configured for current reuse is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, an apparatus includes a current mode phase rotator (PR) module configured to generate phase shifted in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) current signals, and a current mode residual sideband (RSB) correction module configured to correct residual sideband error associated with the phase shifted I and Q current signals. The RSB correction module and the PR module form a phased array element configured to reuse a DC supply current.

Abstract: In an example, there is disclosed a system and method for detecting and correcting error in a quadrature receiver (QR). The QR may include a receiver channel operable to divide a received RF signal into I and Q channels. The receiver channel may include error sources, such as (in sequence) pre-demodulation (PD) error, LO mixer error, and baseband (BB) error. Test tones may be driven on the receiver channel at a plurality of test frequencies, and a quadrature error corrector may be provided to detect error from each source. Upon receiving an RF signal, the quadrature error corrector may apply correction coefficients to correct each source of error in reverse sequence (BB, LO, PD).

Abstract: In order to send electromagnetic signals received on one or more first frequency bands, the method applies a transformation to the signals, by performing the following actions: selecting first frequency sub-bands, forming a first set of frequency sub-bands of the first frequency band(s); using organization rules to associate one or more second sets of frequency sub-bands, forming one or more second frequency bands, with each first frequency sub-band of the first set; and using optimization rules to determine frequency translations to transpose the signals received in the first frequency sub-bands into signals sent in the second frequency band(s).

Abstract: To reduce deterioration of a downlink signal when a multicarrier transmission is performed. A base station device eNB according to the present invention communication system includes: an uplink signal reception unit 17 configured to receive an uplink signal in a first carrier and an uplink signal in a second carrier, the uplink signal being transmitted from a user equipment UE; and a downlink signal transmission unit 15 configured to transmit a downlink signal in the first carrier and a downlink signal in the second carrier to the user equipment UE, wherein the downlink signal transmission unit 15 is configured to decide whether to transmit the downlink signal in the first carrier based on whether the uplink signal reception unit 17 receives the uplink signal in the second carrier.

Abstract: A signal receiving structure of a wireless microphone contains a host controlled by a RS485 and connecting with a plurality of RS485 receivers via plural signal cables. The signal receiving ranges of the plurality of RS485 receivers are overlapped to expand a total receiving range. Any one of the plurality of RS485 receivers transmits at least one microphone signal back to the host through a RS485 remote-control communication interface after receiving the at least one microphone signal. Power is supplied through the plural signal cables from the host, thus expanding the using range of at least one wireless microphone. At least one receiving module in the plurality of RS485 receivers receives the at least one microphone signal, acquires a strong one of the at least one microphone signal by using automatic selection, and outputs the strong one of the at least one microphone signal to the host.

Abstract: A mixer included in a receiver of a wireless communication system is provided. The mixer includes a switching unit including a plurality of transistors receiving a Radio Frequency (RF) signal and a Local Oscillation (LO) signal, and outputting a baseband signal, and a voltage controller outputting a voltage control signal controlling a body voltage of at least one transistor from among the plurality of transistors to thereby control a threshold voltage of the at least one transistor.

Abstract: An RF transceiver apparatus has transmitter circuitry receiving transmission signals at a transmitter baseband frequency and converting the signals to a transmission frequency, and receiver circuitry receiving signals at a reception frequency and converting to a receiver baseband frequency. A first digital local oscillator and a first mixer convert between the transmitter baseband frequency and a transmitter intermediate frequency. A second digital local oscillator and a second mixer convert between a receiver intermediate frequency and the receiver baseband frequency. A third mixer frequency receives a local oscillator signal for frequency conversion between the transmitter intermediate frequency and the transmission frequency. A fourth mixer frequency receives a local oscillator signal for frequency conversion between the reception frequency and the receiver intermediate frequency.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for down converting a modulated carrier signal to a demodulated baseband signal are described herein. A first switch is controlled with a first control signal Which comprises a first sampling aperture with a specified frequency, wherein the first switch is on during the first sampling aperture and wherein the first switch is off outside the first sampling aperture. A second switch is controlled with a second control signal which comprises a second sampling aperture and wherein the second switch is off outside the second sampling aperture. The first and second control signals each control a charging and discharging cycle of a respective energy storage element so that for each switch a portion of energy is transferred to the respective energy storage element when the respective switch is on during the charging cycle, and a portion of previously transferred energy is discharged during the discharging cycle for each respective switch when the switch is off.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for down converting a modulated carrier signal to a demodulated baseband signal are described herein. A first switch is controlled with a first control signal which comprises a first sampling aperture with a specified frequency, wherein the first switch is on during the first sampling aperture and wherein the first switch is off outside the first sampling aperture. A second switch is controlled with a second control signal which comprises a second sampling aperture with a specified frequency, wherein the second switch is on during the second sampling aperture and wherein the second switch is off outside the second sampling aperture.

Abstract: At a current time, a current intermodulation content of a predistortion system is determined. An intermodulation ratio is determined using the current intermodulation content and a previous intermodulation content for the predistortion system. The previous intermodulation content is determined at a time previous to the current time. The determined intermodulation ratio is compared with stored intermodulation ratios. A warning is communicated in response to the comparing indicating the predistortion system is unhealthy. Apparatus and computer program products are also disclosed.