Abstract: A carburetion system and method for adapting a low-Btu gas source with a low-Btu gas consumer. Pressure-based air-gas mixers geometrically appropriate for the carburetion system and method. The carburetion system comprises a low-Btu gas inlet, a gas outlet, a zero-pressure regulator, and at least one pressure-based air-gas mixer capable of maintaining a volumetric air to low-Btu gas ratio of no more than about 2:1. The method comprises diverting a low-Btu gas to a gas outlet when the gas consumer is off. The method further comprises, during operation of the consumer, diverting low-Btu gas to a zero-pressure regulator in order to balance low-Btu gas pressure with air pressure, passing low-Btu gas to at least one pressure-based air-gas mixer capable of maintaining a volumetric air to low-Btu gas ratio of no more than about 2:1, mixing the low-Btu gas with air in the at least one pressure-based air-gas mixer to form an air-gas mixture, and sending the air-gas mixture to the consumer.

Abstract: A device for extracting fuels from biomass while adding electrical energy, comprising the a gasifier for gasifying the biomass while adding electrical energy to a gas mixture, a reformer for reforming the gas mixture obtained from the gasification, a gas scrubber for scrubbing the reformed gas mixture, the device further comprising a heating system upstream of and/or in the region of the reformer for additionally heating the gas mixture obtained from the gasification and a first recirculation device so that the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture can optionally be recirculated to the gasifier or supplied to at least one correspondingly downstream component of the device, the first recirculation device providing a recirculation loop for the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture and the recirculation loop comprising at least the gasifier and the reformer.

Abstract: A method and a system for the vaporization of a liquid fuel is provided and includes providing a supply of a liquid fuel and an oxidant, atomizing the liquid fuel and mixing it with the oxidant, vaporizing the fuel in thermal radiation, catalytically reacting the fuel oxidant mixture, and providing an ignition source for initiating the catalytic reaction. A hydrocarbon fuel can be mixed with oxygen, as a constituent of air, preferably forming a fuel rich fuel air mixture that passes through a catalytic reactor having an ultra-short channel length metal monolith substrate. The fuel air mixture is vaporized and partially oxidized.

Abstract: A fuel reforming system, process, and device including a catalytic chamber and a heating chamber. The catalytic chamber, further including a fluid fuel intake and a gaseous fluid exit port and at least one heat exchanger for distributing heat between the heating chamber and the catalytic chamber. The catalytic chamber further including a screen member having a surface, wherein the member includes a catalytic deposit made from a combination of platinum and rhodium alloy. A catalytic conversion of converting liquid fuel to gaseous fuel occurs within the catalytic chamber. Fuel exits the fuel reforming device through a gaseous fluid exit port.

Abstract: A reactor for reforming a hydrocarbon, and associated processes and systems, are described herein. In one example, a reactor is provided that is configured to use non-equilibrium gliding arc discharge plasma. In another example, the reactor uses a vortex flow pattern. Two stages of reforming are described. In a first stage, the hydrocarbon absorbs heat from the wall of the reactor and combusts to form carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water. In a second stage, a gliding arc discharge is use to form syngas, which is a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. The heat generated by the combustion of the first stage transfers to the wall of the reactor and heated products of the second stage mix with incoming hydrocarbon to provide for partial recuperation of the reaction energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for reforming diesel fuel into a product gas containing H2 and CO, the diesel fuel being mixed in a first premixing stage with an O2-containing gas mixture and subsequently the thus obtained mixture being mixed in a second premixing stage with an O2-containing gas mixture and also with an exhaust gas mixture and subsequently this mixture being subjected to a hydrocarbon oxidation in a reactor with a catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing clean energy from coal by feeding the coal in a reactor which is sealed to the atmosphere and moving the coal in the reactor while injecting oxygen to combust a portion of the coal in a substoichiometric mode to devolatilize the coal and yield a pressurized hydrogen rich raw gas which contains coal-derived cancer causing distillates and hydrocarbons together with a hot char. The distillates and the hydrocarbons are cracked to result in a cracked gas of essentially 2H2 and 1CO which after desulfurization becomes an ideal synthesis gas that can be synthesized to a liquid fuel for heating and transportation as an alternate to petroleum.

Abstract: A device improving the combustion of a fuel by a gaseous oxidant includes a fuel intake, an oxidant intake and apparatus for keeping naphthalene in solid form in the gaseous oxidant intake to load it with naphthalene vapors as it flows towards the combustion chamber. The apparatus for keeping the naphthalene in the gaseous oxidant current includes a cartridge filled with naphthalene and having apertures forcing the oxidant gas to pass through it directly along a direction coinciding with that of the flow of the oxidant gas to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A spud end fuel metering tube in an air-fuel mixing passage in a propane carburetor for enhancing performance of the system. The fuel supplying spud end is located in a venturi throat within the mixing chamber of the carburetor. The spud end includes linearly aligned fuel supply apertures that face downstream of the airflow therethrough. This combination provides increased power and fuel economy over a wide range of RPMs and demand levels while substantially reducing undesirable pollutant emission levels. The butterfly valve of the carburetor includes apertures formed therein for permitting the engine to idle when the butterfly valve closes eliminating the necessity for other downstream ports.

Abstract: Production of fuel gas which generates little nitrogen oxides on combustion, has a prolonged combustion period for unit volume, and presents a high combustion temperature.Alcohol or other liquid fuel is burnt in a fuel layer 20 in a combustion chamber 18 to generate a primary fuel gas, which is mixed in a gas pipe 14 with pressurized air ejected by an air nozzle 16, where spiral flow of air is formed around the ejected air. The ratio of the cross section of the primary fuel gas flow to that of air ejected from the air nozzle 16 is first decreased and then increased, so that vortices are formed in the area where the cross section changes to react the primary fuel gas with air and decompose hydrocarbons in the primary fuel gas into carbon and hydrogen with high reactivity, thus producing a fuel gas capable of high temperature combustion with low amount of nitrogen oxides generated.

Abstract: Enriching apparatus for low quality gas, such as methane as found trapped in mines, low B.T.U. gas, and/or air or combinations of either. Such gas and/or air is passed through naphthalene pellets and gasoline or other petrochemical products which then absorb properties of enriching materials and emit enriched gas in place of the low B.T.U. gas and/or air. Several enrichers may be connected in series and the enriched gas is then pressurized for use in a high pressure gas distribution line. Carbonaceous powder may be blown into the gas stream to further enrich it, for use in industrial applications.