Abstract: The invention provides methods of treating anemia in patients in need thereof, particularly in patients having anemia associated with chronic and/or inflammatory conditions such as cancers and arthritic conditions by administering antibodies or antibody fragments that bind IL-6. The treatment methods result in increased hemoglobin.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed at least in part to compositions and methods comprising nicotinic agonists for treating e.g., nervous system disorders, in particular, to combination therapies that include a nicotinic agonist (for example, nicotine) and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization inhibitor (for example, opipramol).

Abstract: A non-stoichiometric clathrate of lipid and sulfur has been shown to effectively stabilize nerve cell membranes. As such, said compound has proven useful in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders such as, addiction, depression, autism, Tourette's syndrome, and the like.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and materials for treating the effects of nicotine. In particular, the invention provides methods that involve administering a neurotensin receptor (NTR) agonist to a mammal that has been exposed to nicotine. The NTR agonist typically is administered in an amount effective to diminish or abolish the effects that nicotine has on the treated mammal. NTR agonists that can be used in methods of the invention include neurotensin (NT) polypeptide analogs such as NT69L. The invention also provides compositions containing an NTR agonist in combination with other agents used to help overcome nicotine effects such as sensitization and dependence. The compositions provided herein can be used to treat the effects of nicotine, including hyperactivity, hypothermia, respiratory distress, and hypertension.

Abstract: A method for treating or preventing a disorder or a condition by double inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) reuptake in a subject in need thereof, while limiting the risks of cardiovascular disturbances and/or organ and/or tissue toxicity, comprising the step of administering to said subject a mixture of enantiomers of milnacipran enriched in the (1S,2R) enantiomer of milnacipran and/or of at least one of its metabolites, as well as their pharmaceutically-acceptable salts.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of a mixture of enantiomers enriched in the dextrogyral enantiomer of milnacipran and/or of at least one of its metabolites, as well as their pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, for the preparation of a drug intended to prevent or to treat disorders that can be managed by double inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, while limiting the risks of cardiovascular disturbances and/or organ and/or tissue toxicity.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methylpyrazole-3-carboxamide for helping to quit tobacco consumption.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly efficient method for treating substance addiction and for changing addiction-related behavior of a mammal suffering from substance addiction. The method includes administering to a mammal an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention also provides a method of treatment of cocaine, morphine, heroin, nicotine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, or ethanol addiction by treating a mammal with an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A composition for the control of smoking which comprises: (a) a flavonoid in the form of an extract from Eupatorium cannibium or Eupatorium Fortunei, preferably euparin; (b) a cytochrome P450 inhibitor; (c) a sugar; (d) a source of phosphate; and, optionally, (e) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

Abstract: This invention is an improved method for reducing or eliminating tobacco usage and the nicotine dependency associated with tobacco usage by gradually decreasing an individual's tobacco consumption over a time period while replacing nicotine from tobacco with an alternative nicotine source.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of certain pyrido[1,2-a]-pyrazine derivatives, also described as bis-azabicyclic compounds and defined by the formula (I) herein, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and microadenomas in mammals, and to related compositions.

Abstract: A method for predicting nicotine replacement dosage to achieve a target nicotine serum concentration relies on measuring blood nicotine concentration prior to smoking cessation. At least two values corresponding to other patient characteristics, such as body mass, cumulative smoking, psychological dependence, age, and menopausal status, are also determined and used to predict expected blood nicotine concentrations based on nicotine replacement dosages. Such methods are useful in achieving target blood nicotine concentrations for smoking cessation and therapy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for changing addiction-related behavior of a mammal suffering from addiction to a combination of abused drugs. The method includes administering to the mammal an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA (GVG) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an enantiomer or a racemic mixture thereof, wherein the effective amount is sufficient to diminish, inhibit or eliminate behavior associated with craving or use of the combination of abused drugs.

Abstract: A method for assuaging tobacco addiction comprises pulsing doses of nicotine into a user's bloodstream so it reaches the brain before passing through the liver. A nicotine-burst tablet is held in the mouth by a user to receive each nicotine-pulse dose. The tablet is configured to suddenly release its entire nicotine payload from an otherwise inert or benign material. Such nicotine payload is relatively small, e.g., under one milligram. The therapeutic effects depend on the change of nicotine levels in the blood over a change in time. Rapid nicotine onset of a small dose is more assuaging than a slow build-up to a high dosage. An oral carrier comprises a nicotine saturated instant-dissolve paper that delivers one nicotine pulse. An additive prevents abuse by causing excessive use to catalyze a foul taste or sickening sensation.

Abstract: Desoxypeganine and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts are useful in treating nicotine dependence.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly efficient method for treating substance addiction and for changing addiction-related behavior of a mammal suffering from substance addiction. The method includes administering to a mammal an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention also provides a method of treatment of cocaine, morphine, heroin, nicotine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, or ethanol addiction by treating a mammal with an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one embodiment, the method of the present invention includes administering to the mammal an effective amount of a composition which increases central nervous system GABA levels wherein the effective amount is sufficient to diminish, inhibit or eliminate behavior associated with craving or use of drugs of abuse.

Abstract: Compositions which comprise sorbic acid and/or one or more sorbates, and a flavonoid and/or flavonoid derivative, a method for the preparation thereof, and their use.

Abstract: A method for preventing or treating drug dependence comprising administering to a human in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a 1,4-(diphenylalkyl)piperazine compound represented by the following formula [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is lower alkoxy; R2 is lower alkoxy; A is lower alkylene and B is lower alkylene;

Abstract: The subject invention relates the use of cembranoids to inhibit nicotine addiction at the behavioral level. The subject host is sensitized to nicotine. Cembranoids are then administered to reduce such sensitization.

Abstract: A method of training a smoker to cease smoking by administering tropane compounds is provided.

Abstract: An enteral nutritional product for a person having ulcerative colitis contains in combination (a) an oil blend which contains eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), and (b) a source of indigestible carbohydrate which is metabolized to short chain fatty acids by microorganisms present in the human colon. Preferably the nutritional product also contains one or more nutrients which act as antioxidants.

Abstract: A two-stage medicine delivery system provides an initial dose of medicine and a second dose of medicine. The initial second doses are capable of achieving a rapid pharmacological effect and a prolonged pharmacological effect, respectively. The two-stage medicine delivery system preferably delivers a craving reduction substance, in which case, the rapid and prolonged pharmacological effects include a rapid and prolonged craving reduction. Preferably, the delivery system is a nicotine delivery system which is provided in chewing gum form or lozenge form and which provides the nicotine in a transmucosally absorbable form. The two-stage medicine delivery system preferably releases a buffering agent which increases a pH level in a user's mouth to facilitate absorption of the medicine when the delivery system is placed in the user's mouth. A method of making the medicine delivery system also is provided. The system and apparatus can be adapted to reduce cravings for alcohol, food, drugs (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a fast-dissolving tablet for oral administration comprising as an active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of galanthamine hydrobromide (1:1) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, characterized in that said carrier comprises a spray dried mixture of lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose (75:25) as a diluent, and a disintegrant; and with a direct compression process of preparing such fast-dissolving tablets.

Abstract: A liquid composition including a Nicotine or alkaloid having the same direction of activity, content of between 0.0001% and 0.1% that can be consumed orally.

Abstract: A tablet for the transmucosal administration of nicotine. The nicotine is in one or more layers upon a non-nicotine containing matrix. The nicotine layers rapidly dissolve in the mouth. The nicotine is then rapidly absorbed by the intra-oral mucosal surfaces. The short, rapid pulse of nicotine is similar to that given by cigarette smoking. The nicotine may be provided in a plurality of layers separated by one or more layers that are essentially free of nicotine to support the nicotine layers.

Abstract: A delayed and sustained release composition of an additive and/or toxic agent such as nicotine is delivered systemically in therapeutic amounts while avoiding the peak plasma levels which gives rise to addiction and/or toxic side effects. The composition is delivered for absorption predominantly from the colon.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to patient-controlled, flexible-dosing methods of treatment utilizing transdermal nicotine patch devices, optionally with other nicotine delivery systems, to abate the use of tobacco in humans.

Abstract: A method for promoting smoking cessation, which method comprises administrating an effective, non-toxic amount of ropinirole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof to a human in need thereof. Said ropinirole is preferably administered orally or transdermally. Also provided is a medicament for use in smoking cessation that comprises ropinirole. Said medicament may be a tablet for oral use or a transdermal patch containing ropinirole.

Abstract: A nicotine method and solution which utilizes an acidic solution containing nicotine. The solution is for use to treat various medical conditions, such as to reduce the need of a user of smoking tobacco to smoke tobacco, to reduce attention deficit disorder symptoms in a person who has attention deficit disorder, and/or to reduce Alzheimer's disease symptoms in a person who has Alzheimer's disease. The solution is palatable and may be introduced into the person by the person drinking it. Subsequent to drinking, the blood plasma levels are sufficient to reduce the need to smoke tobacco, to reduce attention deficit disorder symptoms, and/or to reduce Alzheimer's disease symptoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of cembranoids to inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses methods of treating patients for tobacco addiction and nicotine addiction, for palliating the effects of nicotine withdrawal, for providing or facilitating the effects of smoking cessation therapies and as long-term smoking cessation maintenance therapy. The invention also includes related pharmaceutical compositions comprising nicotine receptor antagonists and either an anti-depressant or an anti-anxiety drug. Specific combinations of drugs (mecamylamine HCl and bupropion HCl) as well as mecamylamine in combination with certain drug classes (e.g., anti-anxiety drugs and anti-depressants) comprise the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed. These compositions are also contemplated for use in the treatment of cocaine addiction and the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for treating substance abuse comprising administering an effective amount of olanzapine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: A combination of a dietary composition and an anti-smoking composition which has the effect of increasing the number of people successfully completing a cure of smoking cessation and/or nicotine dependence. The dietary composition has a calorie content equivalent to a maximum of 1200 kcal per day. Used in combination with an anti-smoking composition, the dietary composition generates a higher rate of success with respect to smoking cessation as compared to a conventional anti-smoking composition. The dietary composition may be a VLCD (very low calorie diet) comprising a calorie content equivalent to about 400 to 800 kcal per day, when used to replace a full-diet. The dietary composition can also be in the form of a LCD (low calorie diet) comprising a calorie content equivalent to about 800-1200 kcal per day. The dietary composition can be used for providing a preparation for promoting smoking cessation and/or treatment of nicotine dependence.

Abstract: A method of treating and reducing a drug dependency such as a nicotine dependency is provided. The method comprises initially administering to a subject a drug, such as nicotine or another agonist of the drug in an amount which would normally provide the desired pharmacologic effects and at least partially satiate the needs for the drug by a user. The method also comprises administering to the subject an antagonist to the drug or its other agonist in an amount sufficient to at least partially block the pharmacologic defects of the drug or its other agonist while there is a substantial amount of the drug or other agonist present in the system of the user. In one embodiment of the invention, the drug and the antagonist are administered substantially simultaneously so as to occupy a substantial portion of the receptors of the user for that drug thereby blocking or attenuating the effects of any further intake of the drug or other agonist.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly efficient method for treating substance addiction and for changing addiction-related behavior of a primate suffering from substance addiction. The method includes administering to a primate an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition including gamma vinylGABA. The present invention also provides a method of treatment of nicotine addiction by treating a patient with an effective amount of a composition including gamma vinylGABA.

Abstract: Compositions for the control of smoking are disclosed, the compositions comprising:(a) an xanthine oxidase inhibitor;(b) a phosphate or a compound capable of releasing phosphate on administration to a subject; and optionally(c) a sugar; and still further optionally(d) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.There is also described methods for the control of smoking which comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment the aforementioned composition.

Abstract: An enteral nutritional product for a person having ulcerative colitis contains in combination (a) an oil blend which contains eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), and (b) a source of indigestible carbohydrate which is metabolized to short chain fatty acids by microorganisms present in the human colon. Preferably the nutritional product also contains one or more nutrients which act as antioxidants.

Abstract: A method of treating and reducing a drug dependency such as a nicotine dependency is provided. The method comprises initially administering to a subject a drug, such as nicotine or an agonist of the drug in an amount which would normally provide the desired pharmacologic effects and at least partially satiate the needs for the drug by a user. The method also comprises administering to the subject an antagonist to the drug or an agonist in an amount sufficient to at least partially block the pharmacologic effects of the drug or an agonist while there is a substantial amount of the drug or an agonist present in the system of the user. In one embodiment of the invention, the drug and the antagonist are administered substantially simultaneously so as to occupy a substantial portion of the receptors of the user for that drug thereby blocking or attenuating the effects of any further intake of the drug or an agonist thereof.

Abstract: A method for the treatment and prevention of immune disorders and fibrosis associated disorders is disclosed. The method involves administering interleukin-9 in an effective amount to the subject. Among the conditions treatable are thyroiditis, autoimmune diabetes and silicosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds that affect certain excitatory amino acid receptors, and are useful in the treatment of neurological disorders and psychiatric disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the treatment or prevention of substance use disorders using an orally active, long acting, CNS-penetrant NK-1 receptor antagonist and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a NK-1 receptor antagonist.

Abstract: A method for reducing the desire of a person to smoke tobacco includes orally administering to the person an aqueous solution containing a polyvalent cation derived from a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, copper, zinc, aluminum, tin, and bismuth. The method includes smoking tobacco by the person to whom the solution is administered, subsequent to the oral administration of the solution.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the control of smoking are described. The compositions according to the invention comprise: (a) a xanthine oxidase inhibitor; (b) a cytochrome P450 inhibitor; (c) a sugar; (d) a source of phosphate; and, optionally, (e) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

Abstract: A smoking material is provided that is useful to alleviate the symptoms of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome comprising an amount of continine or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof in combination with a non-toxic vegetable material, which amount is effective to reduce or eliminate at least one of the symptoms of tobacco withdrawal syndrome in a human when the smoking material is smoked by a human.

Abstract: A therapeutic method is provided to alleviate the tobacco withdrawal syndrome, the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal or the management of human body weight in nicotine-experienced or nicotine-naive individuals, comprising of administering an amount of nicotine metabolites or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof to a human in need of such treatment, in an amount which is effective to reduce or eliminate at least one of the symptoms of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome, nicotine withdrawal or manage human body weight.

Abstract: A method of treating and reducing a drug dependency such as a nicotine dependency is provided. The method comprises initially administering to a subject a drug, such as nicotine or another agonist of the drug in an amount which would normally provide the desired pharmacologic effects and at least partially satiate the needs for the drug by a user. The method also comprises administering to the subject an antagonist to the drug or its other agonist in an amount sufficient to at least partially block the pharmacologic effects of the drug or its other agonist while there is a substantial amount of the drug or other agonist present in the system of the user. In one embodiment of the invention, the drug and the antagonist are administered substantially, simultaneously so as to occupy a substantial portion of the receptors of the user for that drug thereby blocking or attenuating the effects of any further intake of the drug or other agonist.

Abstract: A method of treating a subject afflicted with nicotine dependence with the opiate antagonist, nalmefene is described. The subjects will not gain significant amounts of weight as a result of smoking reduction or cessation.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of cell mediated autoimmune disease is disclosed. The method involves administering interleukin-9 in an effective amount to the subject. Among the conditions treatable are thyroiditis and autoimmune diabetes.

Abstract: Effective concentrations of nicotine, of a stimulant, and of a sequestering agent are admixed in a liquid carrier. The sequestering agent prevents binding of nicotine with metallic ions which interfere with absorption of nicotine through the lining of the oral cavity. The liquid solution is sprayed into the oral cavity for simultaneous absorption of the nicotine and stimulant through the lining of the oral cavity.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of a mixture of enantiomers enriched in the dextrogyral enantiomer of milnacipran and/or of at least one of its metabolites, as well as their pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, for the preparation of a drug intended to prevent or to treat disorders that can be managed by double inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, while limiting the risks of cardiovascular disturbances and/or organ and/or tissue toxicity.