Abstract: An agglomeration and precipitation assembly which includes an agglomeration device in combination with a precipitation device. The agglomeration device is intended to receive a turbulent gas stream containing fine suspended particles and to discharge the stream in which the major part of the fine particles have agglomerated in the form of larger particles. The precipitation device is provided downstream of the agglomeration device to receive the stream coming from the agglomeration device and to separate the larger particles from the gas stream. The fine particles can be separated from a turbulent gas stream by first agglomerating the fine particles in the form of larger particles, and then separating the larger particles by precipitation.

Abstract: An assembly for separating liquid and/or solid particles carried in a multi-phase stream. The assembly has a separator, especially a droplet separator. An agglomerating device is prearranged with respect to the separator and has at least two rows of rods onto which the stream flows at an angle, especially a right angle, to the rods' longitudinal axes. The rods in a given row are opposite the gaps in an adjacent row. The rods have a maximum width of 2-10 mm, and the agglomerating device is flown against with a flow velocity of 2 to 15 m/sec. The following separator can be formed with a significantly more simple design by the prearrangement of the agglomerating device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating dust from hot process gases. The process gases are passed via a gas inlet duct through a dust separator, in which dust is separated from the process gases, part of the separated dust being conducted to a device for agglomeration of the dust. Subsequently, part of the separated dust is recirculated by being introduced into the process gases in the gas inlet duct. Liquid is added to the dust in the agglomeration device in such an amount that the relative humidity in the process gases cleaned in the dust separator is higher than 30%, preferably 40-60%.

Abstract: An agglomeration and precipitation assembly which includes an agglomeration device in combination with a precipitation device. The agglomeration device is intended to receive a turbulent gas stream containing fine suspended particles and to discharge the stream in which the major part of the fine particles have agglomerated in the form of larger particles. The precipitation device is provided downstream of the agglomeration device to receive the stream coming from the agglomeration device and to separate the larger particles from the gas stream. The fine particles can be separated from a turbulent gas stream by first agglomerating the fine particles in the form of larger particles, and then separating the larger particles by precipitation.

Abstract: A filter system utilizing a coalescing-type filter element with at least one end cap and a transport layer such that contaminants are filtered from a gas stream, coalesced and drained from the filter element completely exterior to any other component of the filter element. The filter element includes a drainage sleeve which may extend over and exterior to at least one end cap. The filter element may include a transport layer disposed exterior to a drainage layer extending between end caps. The present invention further includes a method for decontaminating a gas stream utilizing the filter system and filter element.

Abstract: In a mist recovering apparatus for recovering a mist contained in a gas, provided with a filter having pores of pore size increasing from a gas inlet side toward a gas outlet side, the gas containing the mist is passed from the gas inlet side of the filter, through the filter toward the gas outlet side of the filter. The mist is trapped by the filter and grows into droplets as the gas containing the mist flows through the filter, and the droplets drip down along the gas outlet surface of the filter and are collected under the filter.

Abstract: A machine and method for separating aerosol particles in a cylindrical ultrasonic member in which the particles are agglomerated in the presence of an injected allgomeration initiator, and retaining the agglomerated particles in a filter.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating an oil aerosol from air, including a separating element which is configured as an annular coalescer which coalesces the oil or oil mist in a known manner into larger oil drops which settle by gravity in the separating element and downstream therefrom. The separating element is disposed in a housing and fastened to a flanged piece, the flange piece including an adapter element to which additional flanged pieces and/or connecting lines for supplying and carrying away the air are attached.

Abstract: High temperature gas emissions from industrial power plant or environmental clean-up processes are subjected to an acoustic waveform having second harmonic content and appropriate second harmonic phase shift to impart a net acoustic Oseen force on particulate matter contained in the gas for removal of said matter. Particulate matter of 1 micron radius is positively excluded, while smaller particles are agglomerated by the sound wave. The acoustic waveform further enhances both sorption of injected sorbent particles for removal of sulfur oxides, and the efficiency of an in-line catalytic converter for removal of nitrogen oxides. The invention improves overall removal efficiency, can operate at very high temperatures, and does not produce any secondary waste, such as filters.

Abstract: A precipitating agent containing thioacetamide is described for the precipitating of heavy metals from flue gases and waste waters, it containing thioacetamide (C.sub.2 H.sub.5 SN) in a 1-20% aqueous solution, which, in addition, contains a buffer substance in order to prevent hydrolyric spontaneous decomposition, the solution having a pH of between 5.5 and 9.0.

Abstract: Oil separator assembly for removing and collecting oil entrained in a gas includes a vessel having a cavity with a reservoir formed therein; an inlet pipe extending into the vessel; an inlet diffuser securely attached to the inlet pipe for initially separating the entrained oil from the refrigerant gas; and independent oil and gas outlet ports extending from the vessel for emitting the separated oil and ejecting the substantially oil-free refrigerant gas, respectively. The inlet diffuser includes a conical-shaped hollow member having an open base, a closed end, and a converging side wall extending from the open base to the closed end. Refrigerant gas and entrained oil, received through the open base, gradually impacts on the inner surface of the side wall in a manner sufficient to promote coalescence of the oil. The coalesced oil is directed across the inner surface of the side wall transversely away from the refrigerant gas.

Abstract: A method to detect, measure or remove trace amounts of condensible vapors in compressed gases. The concentration of droplets detected, measured or removed may be as low as part per trillion. The compressed gas comprising a carrier gas and condensible vapors is discharged through a critical orifice in order to condense the vapors in the form of homogeneous droplets. The droplets are either detected, or their concentration measured or removed from the expanded carrier gas.

Abstract: Particulates in the form of fine dust are removed from gas streams by impinging the particles on screens located in the path of the particles to result in the build up of a deposit on the mesh, until the deposits grow to a sufficient size that the combined effect of gravity and gas flow dislodges the deposits, which are collected.

Abstract: A fiber bed mist eliminator comprising at least two radially spaced and concentrically disposed fiber bed elements. The elements have an opened upper and lower end forming substantially vertical, independent channels through which gases can flow. The mist eliminator further comprises baffle means of imperious material, horizontally disposed at the upper and lower ends of the mist eliminator. The baffle means closes the bottom of one channel and the top of an adjacent channel, thus forcing a gas stream to pass through not more than one fiber bed element.

Abstract: An air filtering device and related method for the removal of liquids and particulate matter from an air stream such as may be used in an aircraft environmental control system. The invention is comprised of an inertial separator and a combination coalescer and HEPA-rated filter preferably all located in the same housing. Air entering the housing flows into an inertial separator which removes most of the entrained liquid from the air. Substantially all of the remaining liquid is eliminated by the coalescing element with the coalescer functioning at least in part as an evaporator due to the low saturation level of the air flowing from the inertial separator. Biological and other particulate removal is accomplished by the subsequent passing of the air through the HEPA-rated filter medium.

Abstract: A modular filter assembly for filtering compressed air includes a cartridge housing and a self-contained filter cartridge positionable in the housing. A manifold cap is attachable to the housing to conduct a compressed air stream between an air line and the filter cartridge in the housing. The filter cartridge includes a multistage filter and a quiet zone between filter elements therein.

Abstract: A fiber bed element and process for utilizing such element for removing and collecting small particles of liquids or soluble solids from a gas stream, the element formed of one or more layers of pin-punched fiber supported by an appropriate supporting structure, the fiber layers being subjected to pressure to achieve a selected density and the punched holes functioning to create drainage paths through which liquids may drain. The fiber layer density and fiber size is maintained uniform throughout the element so that the pressure drop of the saturated filter bed element will be between 1.1 and 3.0 times the pressure drop of the dry filter bed as originally constructed and before use.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying gaseous fluids is suggested, comprising a body surrounded by separator areas (18, 20) through which the fluids are flowing. The separator areas (18, 20) here are composed of interlacing profile sections, causing an acceleration or, resp. deceleration of the fluids flowing through.

Abstract: A system for decontaminating compressed gas having twin particulate desiccant-containing towers and a two-stage coalescer-containing precoalescer upstream of and connected to the towers by an inlet manifold, each tower having a pneumatically actuated inlet valve and a solenoid valve in the inlet manifold and an outlet valve in a common outlet manifold, the towers and precoalescer each having a drain valve and containing in a lower part an upwardly acting compactor for respectively compacting the desiccant and preventing oil leakage, the towers above a predetermined pressure of gas from the precoalescer and under control of the solenoid valves and a timer each alternating between decontaminating and regenerating cycles and together alternating in decontaminating cycles for continuously supplying decontaminated gas to the outlet manifold, and the outlet manifold in turn supplying decontaminated gas as actuating gas to each of the valves and compactors.

Abstract: A process for cooling and cleaning a hot fly ash containing synthesis gas wherein the gas is first passed through a cooler, the bulk of the fly ash being separated from the cooled gas in a cyclone, whereupon the gas is further cleaned in a water scrubber. At least a part of the fly ash/water slurry obtained in the scrubber is injected into the crude synthesis gas and the fly ash particles are agglomerated in the hot crude gas and/or in the slurry by adding a binder, e.g., water glass.

Abstract: An in-line filter device including a double-walled tube filter assembly, and an upper cap and a lower cap which are held in communication with upper and lower open ends of the filter assembly. The filter assembly has an inner tube and an outer tube which are disposed in radially spaced, and coaxial relation with each other, so as to define an annular space therebetween. One of the inner tube and the annular space is filled with a first pad adapted to coalesce vapor in compressed air passing therethrough, into droplets, while the other of the inner tube and the annular space is filled with a second pad adapted to vaporize residual liquid particles remaining in the compressed air which has passed the first pad. The upper cap has an inlet connected to the upstream side of a compressed air conduit and communicating with the first pad incorporated within the double-walled tube filter assembly. The upper cap further has an outlet connected to the downstream side of the conduit and communicating with the second pad.

Abstract: A separator for removing water from a lower density liquid fuel has a generally circular cross-section container with co-axual downwardly open outlet conduit that includes a portion widening towards the bottom entry opening. An inlet above the widening portion of the conduit directs a liquid flow obliquely downwards and radially offset from the conduit to generate a rotational flow promoting separation of the denser water fraction from the fuel. Smaller water droplets that drift down the outer surface of the outlet conduit because they are less influenced by centrifugal forces, are collected in an upturned lip at the bottom edge of the conduit. There they coalesce into larger drops that can fall through the outlet flow to the bottom of the container. A shield in the container lower region limits the entrainment of remaining smaller droplets from that lower region into the outlet flow.

Abstract: A coalescing filter capable of removing liquid aerosols (such as water and oil) from gaseous streams with high efficiency. The filter comprises three layers, (a) an intermediate fibrous layer having a pore size of from about 1.25(t) to about 2(t), where t is the dynamic film thickness of the aerosol in the gaseous stream, the fibers of the intermediate fibrous layer having diameters ranging from about 0.1 to about 20 micrometers, (b) a fibrous layer upstream of the intermediate layer having a pore size greater than the intermediate layer, and (c) a downstream fibrous layer having a pore size greater than the intermediate layer and wherein the critical surface energy of each layer of the filter is less than the surface tension of the liquid making up the aerosol.

Abstract: A variegated density mist eliminator pad for use in gas-liquid contacting devices for the removal of mists from a mist-containing gas stream which pad comprises a plurality of fibrous elements such as a knitted or woven mesh having open areas for the flow of the gas stream therethrough and characterized by defined adjacent regions of different, i.e. high and low, fiber density with the direction of density variation generally perpendicular to the direction of gas flow, the high density region within the pad permitting enhanced drainage of coalesced liquid, and a method of preparing the high and low density regions through a nesting and non-nesting relationship of fibrous layers.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the elimination of the gaseous pollutants sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide from the emissions of furnaces and smelters, and for the production of two commercial products, liquid sulfur and nitric acid. Two precipitators are operated in series, each containing an annular reaction chamber and a cylindrical separation chamber surrounded by the reaction chamber. The first precipitator combines the furnace or smelter emissions with methane in its reaction chamber in order to reduce the sulfur dioxide in the emissions to sulfur. The emissions are then passed through a tangential duct to the first precipitator's separation chamber where the fine sulfur praticles are converted to liquid sulfur by sending the mixed gases through an involuted spiral baffle and allowing the sulfur particles to coalesce on a trip wire grid. The sulfur particles then melt and fall by gravity to the bottom of the separation chamber, from which point the liquid sulfur is withdrawn.

Abstract: Processes for the high efficiency removal liquid aerosols from gaseous streams and coalescing filters for carrying out such processes are provided. The filter comprises a porous medium having a critical surface energy less than the surface tension of the liquid to be removed and the dynamic film thickness of the liquid to be removed is from about 0.5 D to about 0.8 D, where D is the mean pore diameter of the porous medium, whereby, in operation, the correlation of the pore size with the dynamic film thickness of the liquid coupled with the relationship between the surface tension of the liquid and the critical surface energy of the porous medium provide high efficiency removal of the liquid aerosol with a minimum resistance of flow. The effluent typically contains 0.05 ppm or less, by weight, of aerosol.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing sterile air suitable for being administered to intensive-care patients in hospitals using atmospheric air. The medical-grade air is free of gaseous contaminants and germs, at a cost substantially lower than when such air is prepared by mixing pure nitrogen with pure oxygen.Atmospheric air is compressed through at least one dry-piston compressor, condensing water vapor out of the compressed air through expansion into a buffer tank, filtering out dust particles down to micron size in a prefilter, drying the air through an adsorption desiccator unit and eliminating gaseous contaminants through an adsorption-desorption unit. A second dust filter is provided for trapping any dust released from the adsorption units. Biological contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, are eliminated by flowing through a sequence of three biological filters of the coalescence type, and finally through a cold sterilizing unit.

Abstract: A cyclonic agglomerator is used in the inlet line for quenched carbon black smoke into a bag house to increase the efficiency of carbon black processing.

Abstract: A fiber bed separator formed of a bed of staple fibers is provided. A discontinuity is created within the bed of fibers at a selected location to improve the drainage of liquids from the fiber bed.

Abstract: A filter element comprises coaxial inner and outer relatively rigid, permeable cylinders (5, 8), each cylinder being circumferentially continuous and sandwiched between the two cylinders, a spirally-wound cylindrical filter structure comprising a plurality of layers of microporous non-woven fibrous material (9), each pair of adjacent layers being separated by a layer of strong, fluid-permeable, flexible support material (10), the filter structure being under substantially uniform radial compression over the whole of its area. The compression is preferably such as to compress the filter structure by from 25% to 45% of its original thickness, and materially increases the efficiency of filters incorporating the structure. A method of effecting the compression during manufacture is also described.

Abstract: An in-line trap for removing water and/or oil vapor from a compressed airline which includes a manifold having spaced coaxial inlet and outlet openings and a hollow base suspended from the manifold. A first cartridge extends between the manifold inlet and the enclosed volume within the hollow base, and includes a wire fiber pad adapted to coalesce water and/or oil vapor in air passing therethrough into droplets which are then entrained by the air and carried into the base volume. Within the base, a plate having parallel louvers or vanes upwardly struck therefrom in a direction opposed to air travel is supported with respect to the base bottom wall by a honeycomb spacer which forms a dead air space beneath the louver plate. The louvers function to trap vapor droplets which fall by gravity from the air entering the base volume.

Abstract: A method and system for the abatement of fog in a designated air space over an aircraft approach zone and runway, consisting of gapped air jets laden with electrically charged droplets of low mobility, a ground corona guard in the form of a shallow water-and-oil basin, and a charged-collector-drops emitting device on the ground, arranged in such a manner that the low-mobility charged droplets blown aloft by the air jets form a virtual electrode suspended at appropriate height above the ground, toward which the oppositely charged high-mobility collector drops move, thereby collecting the neutral fog drops in their paths. The perforation ratio of the gapped air jet array is chosen such that the wind flux which penetrates the jet array is substantially equal to the entrainment flux at the lee side of the jets, thereby providing for a virtual canopy over the spatial region in which the fog is to be abated.

Abstract: A gas filtration apparatus and process is disclosed combining heating to maintain undesired material in the form of liquid droplets, sonic agglomeration and porous cross flow filtration. The apparatus and process are particularly suited to gas streams comprising particulates and/or liquid droplets of under 10 microns in diameter, such as the effluent gas stream of coal gasifiers, which are at a high temperature and high pressure. Liquid droplets in the gas stream are agglomerated by sonic agglomeration, and a portion of the gas stream is then passed through a porous cross flow filter element for separation of the agglomerates resulting in a clean gas stream by a continuous, low pressure drop and self-cleaning filtration process. The gas stream may be seeded to enhance agglomeration and/or to induce chemical reaction of undesired gaseous components for their removal as liquids.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for destructively removing particles from a flowing gas containing the particles. In the specific embodiments disclosed the apparatus is adapted to remove carbon particles from diesel engine exhaust products. The exhaust products are directed to a predetermined location where they are rapidly vaporized and combine with oxygen in the exhaust products to form carbon dioxide. Vaporization in one embodiment is effected by a discharge grid 30 located within an exhaust conduit 22, the grid 30 being chosen so that alternate conductors 32 and 34 defining the grid 30 are spaced apart a distance approximately 125 times the mean diameter of the particles to be removed. A voltage differential of approximately 690 volts is applied across adjacent conductors 32 and 34. Presence of a diesel exhaust particle between these conductors 32 and 34 is sufficient to create an electric spark discharge enveloping the particle, thereby resulting in a rapid vaporization and oxidation of the particle.

Abstract: In a mist collector for separating drops of liquid from a gas or vapor stream and including a cylindrical housing and metal fiber webs mounted in an annular configuration in the housing and arranged to be penetrated by the stream in the radial direction of the housing, the metal fiber webs are composed of a plurality of cylindrical layers spaced apart from one another in the radial direction and the collector is provided with stream conducting elements positioned and arranged with respect to the housing for causing the stream to flow through the layers in a radial inward direction.

Abstract: The collection characteristics of particles entrained in a particle-laden gas for separation by the commonly used methods for removing particles from a gas stream are improved by injecting into the gas stream a conditioning agent comprising diammonium phosphate and urea. The conditioning agent can be added to the gas stream either at low temperatures or at high temperatures, in both cases giving rise to significant improvements in emission characteristics. The additive of the present invention has a very significant advantage over prior art additives of substantially equal emission improvement characteristics of greatly reducing or substantially eliminating buildup of hard-to-remove deposits.

Abstract: A gas filtration apparatus and process combining sonic agglomeration with porous cross flow filtration. The apparatus and process is particularly suited to gas streams comprising particulates of under 10 microns in diameter, such as the effluent gas stream of coal gasifiers, which are at a high temperature and high pressure. The smaller particles are agglomerated by sonic agglomeration and a portion of the gas stream is then passed through a porous cross flow filter resulting in a particulate-free gas stream while not requiring the high pressure drop normally associated with filtration of small particulates. The gas stream through the sonic agglomeration portion may be seeded to enhance particulate agglomeration and/or to induce chemical reaction of undesired gaseous components for their removal as solids.

Abstract: A dry method and apparatus for treating an effluent gas stream in order to facilitate the removal therefrom by conventional means of contaminating particulates, particularly those in the submicron range. Target particulates which are larger than the submicron contaminating particulates are dispersed in a secondary gas stream. The secondary gas stream is then introduced into the effluent gas stream. The manner of introduction is such that the contaminating particulates impact with and are captured on the larger target particulates. The target particulates and the contaminating particulates inertially impacted thereon are then separated from the combined effluent and secondary gas streams by conventional gas cleaning equipment.

Abstract: A filtering assembly for an air intake duct for a turbine device for normally removing particulate matter entrained in the air being introduced to the turbine device through the air duct. The improved filtering assembly comprises a filter element for removing particulate matter entrained in air passing therethrough which is mounted in the air duct so that at least a section of the filter element is movable between a filtering position and bypass position. More particularly, the filter element is mounted in the air duct so that when it is in the filtering position, substantially all of the air passing through the air duct passes through the filter element and so that when it is in the bypass position, a substantial amount of the air passing through the air duct bypasses the filter. A suitable sensing device is provided for sensing the pressure differential of the air across the filter element in the air duct and a clamping device is provided which normally clamps the filter element in the filtering position.

Abstract: A heat reclaimer for the exhaust flue of a heating unit comprising, a housing having an air input space, an air output space, and an exhaust space, with a plurality of tubes connected between and communicating the air input space with the air output space and extending through the exhaust space. The exhaust flue of the heating unit is connected into the exhaust space of the housing and an exhaust output is connected to the housing extending from the exhaust space for venting exhaust coming from the heater into the exhaust space to a chimney, for example. A float or level switch is connected to the housing near the bottom of the exhaust space for switching, for example, an alarm if water accumulates in the exhaust space from condensed water vapor in the exhaust. At least one hole is also provided in the housing above the level of the float switch to permit condensed water to leave the exhaust space. The hole is provided in case the float switch clogs with soot.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing particulate matter from a gas stream includes a sorbent injector, a charging antenna, and a plurality of granular media filter cells. The gas stream containing the particulate matter is directed through an inlet plenum. The sorbent injector, located within the inlet plenum, injects fine particles of a sorbent material toward the charging antenna for electrostatically charging the sorbent particles. The charged sorbent particles form a large charged surface area for inducing charges on the particulate matter entrained by the gas stream. The plurality of filter cells each include inner and outer perforated, concentric cylinders, and granular media is caused to move downward between the inner and outer cylinders of each filter cell.

Abstract: A combined sound damper and oil trap for compressed air apparatus comprising an oil trap having a hose or tube (5) which is directly connected to the compressed air apparatus and which at the outer end thereof encloses a scraper sleeve (7), whereby a radial space is formed between the scraper sleeve (7) and the hose or tube. The hose or tube is connected to an oil collector housing (1) whereas the scraper sleeve (7) is connected to a pressure chamber (2) which in turn directly communicates with a filter housing (3) containing a sound damper. The said sound damper comprises both a diffusor plate (11) provided between the pressure chamber and the filter housing (3) and a filter (12) which is mounted at the outlet end of the filter housing. The diffusor plate (11) provides a damping of low frequency noise and a substantially even distribution of the outlet air over the entire diffusor plate, and the filter (12) provides both a separation of oil mist from the outlet air and a damping of high frequency noise.

Abstract: A housing surrounds a compressor for cooling media and forms at one axial end of the same a chamber which receives from the compressor one or more streams of gaseous cooling medium in which compressor lubricating oil is entrained. The chamber communicates with an outlet of the housing and is filled with a body of gas-permeable material through which the stream or streams must pass on the way to the outlet, and which separates entrained oil from the gaseous cooling medium.

Abstract: The invention comprises a die-cast housing of substantially dish shape having a peripheral bolting flange for replaceable mounting thereof to the end wall of an oil-flooded gas compressor. The housing has a partition formed therein to subdivide the same into a first, gas admittance area and a second, air/oil separator and oil reservoir area. The housing has a first port formed therein opening onto the first area for admitting ambient air thereinto for conduct thereof to a compressor gas inlet port, and a second port opening onto the second area for discharging compressed gas therethrough. The second area of the die-cast housing is adapted to confine therewithin the compressed gas discharge pipe of a compressor and, therebelow, a reservoir of oil.

Abstract: In a mist filter for use in eliminating moisture from the humidity laden air traversing through the evaporator of an automobile or other air conditioner, the filter comprises a pair of corrugated screens, with the corrugation of each screen being arranged perpendicularly with the corrugations of the other adjacent screen, a pair of said screens being fastened together, and arranged contiguously with the evaporator of the air conditioner.

Abstract: The specification discloses a two-piece twist apart filter housing adapted to be interposed in a conduit supplying or receiving air or other medium from a device, wherein the two parts of the housing can be twisted apart to permit replacement of the various types of filter media without detaching either end of the filter housing from said conduit. There are also disclosed particular filter assemblies utilizing said filter housing wherein there is provided a particulate filter, a coalescing filter, and an odor filter assembly which can easily be removed and replaced when needed without removing the filter housing from the supply line.

Abstract: Jet engines can function properly even in conditions where liquid droplets are taken in by the compressor of the engine. However, where the droplets contain corrosive substances such as salts, damage can accrue not only through corrosion, but through build up of deposits spoiling the aerodynamic flow of air and gas through the engine. The risk of this ocurring is reduced by placing a vaned vortex generator in the intake and including on the flanks of its vanes, grooves which collect the droplets into coalesced streams and directs them to an area adjacent the intake wall. A flow splitter provides an annular, secondary outlet to dump the concentrated fluids.

Abstract: A fiber bed element and process for removing aerosols from gas streams wherein a bed of fibers is packed to a desired packing density between two foraminous screens. A substantial portion of the fibers in the bed are positioned in a generally parallel arrangement such that the element can be mounted in an operative position with such substantial portion of the fibers extending in a generally vertical direction to enhance drainage of collected aerosols from the element to thereby allow-operation at even high bed velocities with reduced re-entrainment of collected liquid and thereby increase the total collection efficiency of the element. In the process, the bed element is mounted such that the parallel fibers extend in a generally vertical direction and the gas to be treated is passed through the bed at a predetermined velocity.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the condensation of sulphur vapor and for the separation of sulphur droplets from a gas flow, preferably from the reaction gas flow from a Claus catalyst. Such apparatus comprises a vessel, a nest of tubes arranged in the vessel between tube plates, pipe connections at the vessel for the supply and discharge of a coolant flowing around the nest of tubes and an inlet pipe connection and an outlet pipe connection for the gas flow at the vessel, upstream and downstream of the said nest of tubes, respectively. Positioned in the vessel is a sulphur separation unit through which the sulphur-containing gas flows and on the surfaces of which sulphur vapor condenses and/or liquid sulphur collects and agglomerates. Sulphur discharge openings are provided in the bottom of the vessel on both the upstream and downstream sides of the separation unit.

Abstract: A two-stage air-oil separator is connected to the air exhaust system of a compressor. The first stage has a pleated extended area agglomerator formed of layers of glass fiber material. The second stage has radially spaced filter elements with high loft filter material layers held between vinyl-coated glass scrims. The layers in the various filter elements are wrapped with different tightness. Fluid inlets and outlets are provided.