Abstract: A process for starting up a hydrotreating process using a bulk metal catalyst. The process comprises the steps of providing a hydrocarbon feed stream containing less than 100 ppmw nitrogen containing species; and adding a nitrogen-containing compound to the hydrocarbon feed stream followed by contacting the resulting feed stream with the bulk metal catalyst in the presence of hydrogen and a sulfur-containing species.

Abstract: A start-up method of a fractionator which fractionally distills FT synthesized hydrocarbons produced by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, the method includes: discharging light FT synthesized hydrocarbons which exist in a gaseous state in an FT reactor performing the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction from the FT reactor to the outside; cooling down the light FT synthesized hydrocarbons discharged from the FT reactor for liquefaction; supplying the liquefied light FT synthesized hydrocarbons to the fractionator; and heating the light FT synthesized hydrocarbons and circulating the light FT synthesized hydrocarbons to the fractionator.

Abstract: In a process for reducing the amount of benzene produced in a startup procedure for purification of an aromatic feedstream, the improvement comprising a start-up procedure including contacting said catalyst with said feedstream at elevated LHSV for a period of time sufficient to reduce benzene and/or toluene levels to a predetermined level, and proceeding under normal operational conditions.

Abstract: A method of operation for producing high yield of alkylate product using catalytic reactors. The catalytic reactors which cycle between reaction mode and catalyst regeneration mode have their contents exchanged with each other at the beginning of each cycle in order to increase the yield of the desired product. This exchange increases the yield by minimizing the contact of reactant in reaction mode with regenerant utilized in regeneration mode. Thus, reducing/preventing the undesirable alternate reaction between the two, which consumes the reactant making it unavailable for the production of the desired product.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods for protecting metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, particularly silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieves, from loss of catalytic activity due to contact with a gas containing water. The methods of the invention provide procedures that enable activated sieve to contact water vapor, within a certain range of time, temperature, and water partial pressure conditions, before the sieve becomes substantially deactivated.

Abstract: A method for starting up an olefin production plant without venting gases to the atmosphere wherein an artificial feed is employed in the compression zone of the plant while the furnace and quench zones remain idle, and gases from the compression and refrigeration zones of the plant are recycled to the inlet of the compression zone during startup, after which the furnace and quench zones are started up using natural feed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of starting up reaction systems. The reaction systems are those that use catalysts that comprise molecular sieves, particularly metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, especially metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves which are susceptible to loss of catalytic activity due to contact with water molecules. The methods provide appropriate mechanisms of heating and loading the activated molecular sieves to protect against loss of catalytic activity that can occur due to contact with water molecules.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method and apparatus for purging oxygen from a sealed container interior and a purge substance used in such method. The method is exemplified herein in an improved batch process and apparatus for the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon containing material in a sealed reactor interior. According to the present invention the improved batch process may comprise, 1) loading the hydrocarbon containing material into and sealing the reactor, 2) purging or expelling oxygen from said reactor, and 3) heating said reactor to a predetermined temperature so as to obtain decomposition products, the improvement residing in the purging step including loading the reactor with an oxyphilic solution prior to sealing and heating the interior of the sealed reactor to a predetermined temperature to induce the oxyphilic solution to drive oxygen out of the interior of the container through said gas evacuation component.

Abstract: A catalytic conversion process using a fluidized conversion zone, which requires a minimum superficial gas velocity to function properly, and a motor-driven, capacity-limited product compressor zone is started up using a thermal compressor by establishing two start-up gas recirculation circuits, one using the product compression zone running at high pressure to recirculate about 40 to 60 vol-% of the effluent gas stream from the conversion zone and the other running at low pressure and carrying the remaining portion of the effluent gas stream from the fluidized conversion zone where the high pressure circuit supplies motive gas to the thermal compression zone and the low pressure circuit supplies suction gas to the thermal compressor and the resulting compressed discharge gas enables the catalytic process to start up without the use of a dedicated motor-driven start-up compressor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods for protecting metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, particularly silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieves, from loss of catalytic activity due to contact with a gas containing water. The methods of the invention provide procedures that enable activated sieve to contact water vapor, within a certain range of time, temperature, and water partial pressure conditions, before the sieve becomes substantially deactivated.

Abstract: A process for starting up a reaction for the polymerization of an olefin in the gas phase carried out using a catalyst based on chromium oxide in a fluidized bed reactor through which moves a reaction gas mixture containing the olefin, wherein in the start-up of the reaction, the olefin is introduced into the reactor until the desired production of polymer is reached by means of a two-stage process, during the first stage of which the introduction of the olefin is carried out so as to maintain a constant partial pressure of olefin in the reactor and during the second stage, the introduction of olefin is regulated at a constant flow rate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing ethylene from a hydrocarbon feedstock, whereby the hydrocarbon feedstock is subjected to cracking. The crude gas thus produced undergoes quenching with water washing, crude gas compression, and crude gas drying and precooling. The gas is then sent to a separation section, wherein a C2/C3 separation of the precooled crude gas into a C2- stream and a C3+ stream is conducted. The C2- stream is sent through C2 hydrogenation, and the C3+ stream is separated into a C3 stream and a C4+ stream by means of a C3/C4 separation. According to the invention, when the process is started up, at times foreign ethylene and/or foreign C3 is fed to crude gas compression. In addition, a stream from C2 hydrogenation and a C3 stream from the C3/C4 separation are merged and recycled as a first recycle stream before crude gas compression.

Abstract: Process for carrying out gas/liquid reactions at from (-50.degree.) to 300.degree. C. and from 0.1 to 100 bar by carrying out the reaction in the absence of a continuous gas phase, and, as a special case, a process for the batchwise reaction of acetylene in the liquid phase at from 0.degree. to 300.degree. C. and from 2 to 30 bar, in which acetylene is introduced a) in the absence of a continuous gas phase and b) under isobaric conditions to a degree of saturation of from 5 to 100%.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process and apparatus for removing oil from liquefied petroleum gases. In a preferred embodiment, the activated carbon bed is pretreated with odorant thereby enabling oil to be removed from odorized liquefied petroleum gases with negligible removal of odorant.

Abstract: A start-up procedure wherein a halogenated rhenium-containing catalyst, to improve its performance in reforming naphtha feeds, is contacted with water, added with the hydrogen and said feed. During the start-up period, preferably on initiation of the start-up period after aromatics production has begun, a naphtha feed, hydrogen and water are passed cocurrently through the several reactors of a reforming unit and reacted over the halogenated rhenium-containing catalyst. Water is generally added with the naphtha and hydrogen, preferably to the initial reactor of the series of reactors of the reforming unit, in concentration ranging from about 100 vppm of hydrogen to about 10,000 vppm of hydrogen, preferably from about 100 vppm to about 5000 vppm of hydrogen.

Abstract: A coherent explosive gas phase in a gas/liquid reactor comprising a tubular body which is closed at the top and into which one or more jets of liquid which are fed from a liquid circulation and are directed downward, emerge from one or more nozzles located at the highest point of the reactor, and entrain a gas phase which is to be dispersed, introduce it into the liquid and finally produce complete dispersion of the gas, is avoided by a method wherein, before start-up of the liquid circulation, the inactive reactor is charged with an amount of liquid reactant such that a gas space corresponding to the subsequent gas hold-up of dispersed bubbles under operating conditions remains at the top of the reactor, this gas space is filled with a gas, at a pressure p.sub.

Abstract: A process for reforming, with hydrogen, a naphtha in a reforming reactor provided with a rhenium promoted platinum catalyst over which the naphtha is contacted and reacted at reforming conditions to produce a C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid product of improved octane. The catalyst is contacted, on initiation of the reforming reaction, with a maximum of about 75 percent of the rate of hydrogen required for maintaining the optimum C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid yield over the length of the operating cycle. The hydrogen rate is increased not later than the time of line-out of the C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid yield to that required to maintain said optimum C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid yield.

Abstract: Process for reforming a hydrocarbon charge under reforming conditions in a reforming zone containing a sulfur-sensitive metal containing reforming catalyst wherein over-cracking of the charge stock and excessive temperature rise in the reforming zone is suppressed by pre-conditioning the catalyst, prior to contact with the charge, with a reformate of specified octane number and aromatics content.

Abstract: Process for reforming a hydrocarbon charge under reforming conditions in a reforming zone containing a sulfur-sensitive metal containing reforming catalyst wherein over-cracking of the charge stock and excessive temperature rise in the reforming zone is suppressed by pre-conditioning the catalyst, prior to contact with the charge, with a reformate of specified octane number and aromatics content.