Abstract: Devices and methods for light therapy wherein a device for delivery of light therapy comprising a light emitting pad member (e.g., a blanket or other body cover) is positionable over all, substantially all or at least half of a subject's body and operable to deliver light therapy thereto.

Abstract: A method for detecting the tendency of a passenger of a vehicle to get motion sickness by using a rod and frame test is disclosed. An image designed to carry out a rod and frame test is displayed in the vehicle. The rod and the frame each enclose an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with a horizontal spatial axis and/or a vertical spatial axis. A request is issued to correct the rod into a vertical or horizontal position by means of an input device. An input carried out by the passenger to correct the rod is recorded. The rod and frame test is evaluated by an evaluation device based on the recorded input of the passenger, and at least one measure is issued to prevent and/or combat the occurrence of motion sickness, depending on the result of the evaluation.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are described for assessing the risk of developmental, cognitive, social, or mental abilities or disabilities in very young patients (e.g., in the first 2-6 months of life). Generally, the decline in visual fixation of a subject over time with respect to certain dynamic stimuli provides a marker of possible abilities or disabilities (such as ASD). The visual fixation of the subject is identified, monitored, and tracked over time through repeated eye tracking sessions, and data relating to the visual fixation is then analyzed to determine a possible increased risk certain conditions in the subject. A change in visual fixation as compared to similar visual fixation data of typically-developing subjects or to a subject's own, prior visual fixation data provides an indication of a developmental, cognitive, or mental ability or disability.

Abstract: An eyeshade and an electroencephalogram detection system are provided. The eyeshade includes an eyeshade main body; and an electroencephalogram acquisition unit, a controller and a heating unit which are disposed on the eyeshade main body. The electroencephalogram acquisition unit is configured to acquire a brain electrical signal of a wearer. The controller includes a converter and is configured to receive the brain electrical signal from the electroencephalogram acquisition unit, the converter is detachably coupled to the electroencephalogram acquisition unit and is configured to convert the brain electrical signal into a communication signal and transmit the communication signal to outside when coupled to the electroencephalogram acquisition unit. The heating unit is configured to heat an eye region of the wearer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating random numbers for cryptographic applications, in which a recording of an environment is generated by means of a detection unit, the recording is presented by means of a display device, a virtual object is positioned in the presentation of the recording in the environment, real world coordinates for real world points in a real world coordinate system are determined for the environment, virtual world coordinates for one or more virtual world points in a virtual world coordinate system are determined for the virtual object, at least the real world coordinates of a real world point of the environment and the virtual world coordinates of a virtual world point of the virtual object are used to generate a random number, and the random number is used in a cryptographic application.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing sleep quality of a patient, comprising: collecting physiological signal data of the patient using a data acquisition unit electrically coupled to at least one sensor affixed to the patient that generates the physiologic signal data; using one or more hardware processors executing instructions stored in a storage device: filtering the physiological signal data into a plurality of frequency bands corresponding to a plurality of power spectra waveforms; and characterizing an etiology of sleep quality of the patient based on a comparison of at least a first power spectra waveform of the plurality of power spectra waveforms against at least a second power spectra waveform of the plurality of power spectra waveforms, wherein the sleep quality of the patient is managed based on the characterized etiology of sleep.

Abstract: A system for intelligent acoustic monitoring. The system includes a microphone to capture environmental acoustic data and a processor coupled to the microphone. The processor is configured to receive and perform acoustic analysis on the captured acoustic data to generate an acoustic signature, based on a result of the acoustic analysis, identify an event indicated by the acoustic signature, and perform a remedial action based on the identified event.

Abstract: A motion sickness estimation device including processing circuitry configured to calculate a sensory conflict amount on a basis of a motion of an occupant's head caused by vibration of a vehicle; extract a feature of a traveling situation on a basis of at least one of the motion of the occupant's head or a motion of the vehicle; determine a habituation progress state, which is a state in which the occupant's habituation to the traveling situation has progressed, on a basis of biometric information of the occupant; set sensitivity to the feature of the traveling situation on a basis of the habituation progress state; correct the sensory conflict amount on a basis of the sensitivity; and estimate a motion sickness state of the occupant on a basis of the sensory conflict amount that has been corrected.

Abstract: Some implementations disclosed herein present a computer-generated reality (CGR) environment in which a user participates in an activity, identify a cognitive state of the user (e.g., working, learning, resting, etc.) based on data regarding the user's body (e.g., facial expressions, hand movements, physiological data, etc.), and update the environment with a surrounding environment that promotes a cognitive state of the user for the activity.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and a computer program product for product safety is provided. The present invention may include mapping one or more products within a smart container by identifying each of the one or more products and determining a location for each of the one or more products. The present invention may include determining a safety level for each of the one or more products. The present invention may include determining a recommended location to store a new product within the smart container based on a safety confidence score, wherein the safety confidence score is determined based on at least the safety score of the one or more products within the smart container, the safety score of the new product, and a machine learning model. The present invention may include displaying the recommended location to a user.

Abstract: A method for method for classification of virtual reality (VR) content for use in head mounted displays (HMDs). The method includes accessing a model that identifies a plurality of learned patterns associated with the generation of corresponding baseline VR content that is likely to cause discomfort. The method includes executing a first application to generate first VR content. The method includes extracting data associated with simulated user interactions with the first VR content, the extracted data generated during execution of the first application. The method includes comparing the extracted data to the model to identify one or more patterns in the extracted data matching at least one of the learned patterns from the model such that the one or more patterns are likely to cause discomfort.

Abstract: A ceiling fan for a space is provided. The ceiling fan can include a first communication interface configured to provide communications between the ceiling fan and a plurality of peripheral devices over a local network. The ceiling fan can further include a second communication interface configured to provide communications between the ceiling fan and an external network. The ceiling fan can further include one or more control devices configured to provide one or more control signals to control operation of one or more of the peripheral devices.

Abstract: A system for treating a patient comprises a stimulator for stimulating brain tissue, a controller for setting stimulation parameters and a diagnostic tool for measuring patient parameters and producing diagnostic data. The stimulation parameters comprise test stimulation parameters and treatment stimulation parameters. The stimulator delivers test stimulation energy to the brain tissue based on at least one test stimulation parameter and delivers treatment stimulation energy to the brain tissue based on at least one treatment stimulation parameter. One or more treatment stimulator parameters are determined based on the diagnostic data produced by the diagnostic tool The system is constructed and arranged to treat a neurological disease or a neurological disorder. Methods of treating a neurological disease or neurological disorder are also provided.

Abstract: Gamma brain stimulation for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease or sleeping disorders using light or sound is known. A strobing 40 Hz light source has been shown to cause positive effects due to the stimulation. It is an advantage to know the actual dosage of light that enters the person's eyes in order to understand the relationship between dosage and effectiveness. A camera is used to detect the subject's gaze angle, distance, pupil diameter and any other factors that affect the light power that enters the eye. A target dosage is first determined by a medical worker, such as to determine the effects of the exact same dosage on a group of similar persons, such as Alzheimer's patients. With deviations of gaze angle, distance, and pupil size from the ideal, the effective dosage is decreased. The disclosed system adjusts the actual dosage, such as session duration, based on such factors so that the final dosage received by the person is consistent and meets the target dosage.

Abstract: A system for generating a cognitive disorder nourishment program comprises a computing device configured to obtain a cognitive indicator element, produce a cognitive appraisal as a function of the cognitive indicator element, wherein producing further comprises identifying a cognitive function as a function of an experience label, and producing the cognitive appraisal as a function of the cognitive function and cognitive indicator element using a cognitive machine-learning model, determine an edible as a function of the cognitive appraisal, and generate a nourishment program as a function of the edible.

Abstract: A mindfulness assisting assembly includes a housing that has a front wall, a rear wall and a perimeter edge defined at a juncture of the front and rear walls. The perimeter edge includes a first lateral edge, a second lateral edge, a top edge and a bottom edge. Each of the front and rear walls is comprised of a flexible material. The front and rear walls each comprise a cloth material and the front wall has a different tactile impression than the rear wall. A resiliently compressible material is positioned within the housing. A pair of grips is attached to the housing such that each of the first and second lateral edges has one the grips attached thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and devices to consolidate memory and/or cognitive functions by monitoring brain rhythms and delivering a stimulus at an appropriate stage of sleep cycle.

Abstract: A video display control apparatus receives a video content generated by a control target device in accordance with a control operation of a user via a network and displays the received video content on a head mount display attached to the user. The video display control apparatus includes a detection unit that detects a change in a direction of face or line of sight related to the control operation and a first display control unit that generates an auxiliary pattern in which at least one of a display position and a display form changes so as to follow the detected change in the direction of the face or the line of sight related to the control operation, superimposes the auxiliary pattern on the video content, and displays the video content on the head mount display.

Abstract: An adjustable bed includes a frame structure; a plurality of platforms disposed on the frame structure; and an adjustable assembly coupled with the frame structure and the plurality of platforms for operably adjusting one or more of the plurality of platforms in desired positions; and an aromatherapy system attached onto the one or more platforms for producing desired fragrance in a surrounding space of the adjustable bed so as to promote health and well-being of a user. Each aromatherapy device is configured to produce a fragrance when said aromatherapy device is turned on, and one or more working modes. The fragrance is identical to or different from that produced by other aromatherapy device of the one or more aromatherapy devices.

Abstract: An adaptive computer simulation rendering system is disclosed for conditioning an individual suffering from a stress disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to real-world environments through variable sensory output in computer simulations. The subject is fully or partially immersed in a computer-simulated environment for a time-limited session. Real-time monitoring of the human subject is performed for a change in a sensor-derived, quantified sensory load level. Responsive to an increase in sensory load level, the computer-simulated environment modulates the sensor load on the individual. The human subject adapts to increasingly complex environments by this modulation of simulation.

Abstract: An adaptive computer simulation rendering system is disclosed for conditioning an individual having Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to real-world environments through variable sensory output in computer simulations. The subject is fully or partially immersed in a computer-simulated environment for a time-limited session. Real-time monitoring of the human subject is performed for a change in a sensor-derived, quantified sensory load level. Responsive to an increase in sensory load level, the computer-simulated environment modulates the sensor load on the individual. The human subject adapts to increasingly complex environments by this modulation of simulation thereby providing therapeutic benefit to the individual with ASD.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to using a hand held target (e.g. tae kwon do paddle) as a tool for providing physical performance instructions according to a digital workout performance template loaded in advance.

Abstract: A system for providing continuous positive air pressure therapy is provided. The system includes a flow generator, a sensor, and a computing device. The computing device is configured to control operation of the flow generator based on sensor data. The computing device is further configured to display, on a display device, one or more questions relating to demographic and/or subjective feedback; responsive to displaying the one or more questions, receive one or more inputs indicating answers to the one or more questions; transmit the answers to a remote processing system; receive, from the remote processing system, settings determined based on the transmitted answers; and adjust control settings of the system based on the received settings.

Abstract: A method and system for indicating a breathing pattern is disclosed. The system comprises a plurality of smart wearable devices, a plurality of mobile devices, an application server and a database. The plurality of smart wearable devices is either connected to the mobile devices or directly connected to the application server. The database is connected to the application server to store the data transmitted by the smart wearable device or the mobile device. The plurality of smart wearable devices is capable of monitoring the health index and identifying the variation in health conditions of the user, in real-time and activating a suitable breathing pattern to normalize such medical condition.

Abstract: Systems tune, control, or remediate the intrinsic Circadian clock. A light controller sets spectral distribution, intensity of a bioactive spectral band to shift or entrain circadian response to enhance performance and/or synchronize with local or expected conditions. The systems enhance performance under conditions that might be changing, disrupted, or otherwise present an irregular phase or unnatural change in the subject's circadian status, for example, due to geographically discontinuous activity or spectrally deficient workplace illumination, or due to divergent individual sleep/wake behaviors of subjects in a structured group activity. An illumination recipe that compensates for the deficiency of lighting or of participant sleep or behavior patterns, or age- or disease-related changes, to evoke, shift, or align circadian response and improve behaviors such as classroom alertness, relaxation, excitability, attention, or focus.

Abstract: A system and method for brainwave entrainment using virtual objects and gamification, in which brainwave entrainment is applied using some combination of gaming elements, brainwave is enhanced by virtue of the user's active participation, and long-term use is encouraged by virtue of the entertaining nature of the gamification. Depending on configuration, the system and method may comprise a display comprising virtual objects, a light-producing device (other than the display), an audio-producing device such as speakers or headphones, a haptic feedback device such as a vibratory motor, a means for monitoring the user's attention, and a software application which applies brainwave entrainment using some combination of the display, the light-producing device, the audio-producing device, and the haptic feedback device.

Abstract: An electronic device for providing meditation content corresponding to a stress level of a user, and an operating method thereof are provided. The electronic device includes a communication interface comprising communication circuitry, a memory, and at least one processor operatively coupled to the communication interface and the memory. The memory is configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to control the electronic device to: receive stress information from at least one collecting device using the communication interface, confirm meditation content corresponding to a stress level based on at least part of the received stress information, confirm at least one executing device related to the confirmed meditation content, and control the execution of the confirmed meditation content and the confirmed at least one executing device using the communication interface.

Abstract: A relaxation mask includes: a main body that defines a pair of eye cavities; wiring; an earpiece that is coupled to the main body via the wiring; and a spring configured to bias the earpiece towards the main body.

Abstract: A wireless baby monitor assembly includes a personal electronic device which receives a media signal from an extrinsic communication network. A baby monitor is positionable in a room where a baby is sleeping to capture the sounds of the baby crying. The baby monitor broadcasts an alert signal when the baby monitor captures the sounds of the baby crying. A pair of ear buds is each insertable into a respective one of a user's ears for emitting audible sounds into the user's ears. Each of the ear buds is in wireless communication with the personal electronic device to stream music for the user to listen to. Additionally, each of the ear buds is in wireless communication with the baby monitor. Each of the ear buds reduces a volume of the audio signal when the ear buds receives an alert signal from the baby monitor to alert the user that the baby is crying.

Abstract: A method for employee biometric tracking is provided. The method comprises providing to a user a plurality of wearable devices capable of being connected to the user, establishing a wireless connection between the plurality of wearable devices and a mobile device, collecting by the plurality of wearable devices a plurality of biometric data from the user, receiving by an application stored on the mobile device the plurality of biometric data, inputting into a predictive engine biometric data selected from the plurality of biometric data, determining by the predictive engine in response to the biometric data whether the user is at, or soon will be at, an alert level, creating an alert signal, and displaying the alert signal to the user.

Abstract: An eye mask for use to wake up and/or to go to sleep provides ease of cleaning or replacement without damaging electrical or optical components; different user selectable sunrise and sunset illumination modes respectively having blue-shifted and red-shifted spectra simulating natural sunrises and sunsets to assimilate the sleep/wake cycle to the natural rhythms of day and night; sunset and/or sunrise illumination modes that oscillate with fixed period or sequentially changing periods that correspond to brainwave frequencies that respectively facilitate going to sleep and/or waking and synergistically co-operate with corresponding sunset or sunrise light fields to help the user to fall into restful sleep or to awake refreshed and alert; and audio tone programming of illumination mode and treatment time and/or duration of therapy by a remote tone control generator.

Abstract: A device, system, and method for facilitating a sleep cycle in a subject during a pandemic or peri COVID vaccination period, comprising determining a current awake or sleep stage of a person; automatically defining a desired sleep cycle pattern, dependent on the current awake or sleep stage of the person; generating an audio or optical stimulation pattern by an automated processor; and entraining brainwaves of the brain of the person with the stimulation pattern corresponding to the desired sleep cycle pattern, to thereby induce a sleep cycle in the person according to the sleep cycle pattern. When sleep patterns are normalized, a SARS-Cov-2 vaccination may be administered to the person.

Abstract: A system for respiratory training including a housing, a respiratory air channel disposed within the housing, a sensor configured to detect a breathing indicator and transmit a breathing indicator signal, a haptic device disposed within the housing, a processor operatively coupled to the sensor and the haptic device, and a memory device operatively coupled to the processor. The memory device includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to receive the breathing indicator signal from the sensor; generate a breath determination based on the breathing indicator signal; and responsive to the breath determination, cause the haptic device to generate a vibration.

Abstract: Anti-motion sickness systems and methods are disclosed herein. An example method can include determining alignment of a face of a user with an alignment tool provided on a display of a user device. When the face is aligned with the alignment tool the user device is in a preferred orientation. Providing a camera feed on the display, and determining a current orientation of the user device. The method can include presenting selected content on the display in combination with the camera feed. A location of the selected content on the display can be based on the current orientation of the user device. The selected content can be centered on the display when the current orientation substantially matches the preferred orientation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sleep induction device which exhibits excellent hypnotic effects using light rather than ultrasonic waves or electrical voltages to induce sleep. When the face of a patient is irradiated with diffused ultra narrow band light having a FWHM of 10 nm or less, the specified wavelength of light has excellent hypnotic effects. The sleep induction device is provided with: an ultra narrow band light irradiation means which generates a blue to green ultra narrow band light having a FWHM of 10 nm or less and a peak wavelength range of 430-550 nm; and a diffusion means for reducing the illumination intensity of the light irradiated from the ultra narrow band light irradiation means onto the skin surface of the face to 1-300 lux, and expanding the emission area to the entire face. The green ultra narrow band light has a sleep-inducing effect, and the blue one has a stronger sleep-inducing effect.

Abstract: Data obtained by computer processing device(s) includes human biological change data from event data stream(s) and dynamic marketplaces allowing for ranking change(s). The data can correlate biological change data with ranking statistics from an event such that the correlation identifies and measures a magnitude of change of human biological responses from data acquired from event data stream(s). The correlation of human biological change data and/or dynamic changing marketplace data with ranking statistics creates object(s) for storage and analysis within database(s), wherein the objects possess time synchronized responses before, during or after events.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a sleep management method includes obtaining sleep data of a user, obtaining a sleep state of the user on the basis of the sleep data, and controlling at least one home appliance on the basis of the sleep state of the user, and the sleep data includes signals corresponding to a heart rate, respiration rate, and movement of the user detected by a piezoelectric sensor.

Abstract: A Pavlovian conditioned reflex sleep induction kit includes at least one physiological sensor, wherein the at least one physiological sensor is configured to detect at least a physiological parameter of a user and transmit a detection signal to an automatically activated scent diffuser, wherein the automatically activated scent diffuser is configured to receive an electronic activation signal and to diffuse a scent as a function of the electronic activation signal, a control circuit configured to receive the detection signal from the at least one physiological sensor, to ascertain that the user is entering a hypnagogic state, and to transmit the electronic activation signal to the automatically activated scent diffuser, thereby conditioning the user to respond to subsequent sensing of the same scent. For later use, a user-activated scent diffuser is provided, that diffuses the same scent upon activation by a user, to thereby trigger the conditioned reflex to fall asleep.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for ocular stimulation. In embodiments, the apparatus comprises ocular stimulator circuitry couplable with a headwear item, and a plurality of ocular stimulator LED packages electrically couplable to the ocular stimulator circuitry. The plurality of ocular stimulator LED packages are configured to stimulate a pineal gland associated with a live subject on which the headwear item is disposed. The apparatus may be configured to cause the ocular stimulator LED packages to emit light according to at least one pre-programmed operating mode.

Abstract: A hub of intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) for performing a light therapy using light irradiated by a light output device. The hub of intelligent IoT includes a sleep disorder reading unit determining whether a sleep disorder has occurred based on sleep pattern information; a control signal generator generating a control signal for controlling the light output device when it is determined that the sleep disorder has occurred; and a communication interface unit providing the control signal to the light output device. At least one device implementing the method of providing the intelligent voice recognition model may be associated with an artificial intelligence module, a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a robot, an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, devices related to 5G services, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for analysing audio (eg. music) tracks. A predictive model of the neuro-physiological functioning and response to sounds by one or more of the human lower cortical, limbic and subcortical regions in the brain is described. Sounds are analysed so that appropriate sounds can be selected and played to a listener in order to stimulate and/or manipulate neuro-physiological arousal in that listener. The method and system are particularly applicable to applications harnessing a biofeedback resource.

Abstract: A system for promoting passenger trust and to mitigate motion sickness in a vehicle may include a first sensor structured to detect an operational status of the vehicle, a processor operably coupled to the first sensor; and a subliminal sensory system operably coupled to the processor. The processor may be structured to control the subliminal sensory system to subliminally provide information about the operational status of the vehicle to a passenger.

Abstract: This discloses enables various technologies for audio-visual entrainment with breathing cues for managing heart rate variability.

Abstract: Disclosed herein include systems, devices, computer readable media, and methods for enhancing human visual motion perception in the periphery (e.g., the far periphery, or the extreme periphery) or improving user safety using, for example, at least one auditory stimulus with a falling pitch.

Abstract: A mobile sensor apparatus includes a capture device for capturing vehicle movements of the vehicle and an interface for transmitting data relating to the vehicle movements to a head-worn visual output device. A display system includes the mobile sensor apparatus and the head-worn visual output device.

Abstract: A method of treating colorectal cancer included placing a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) probe proximate a designated treatment volume at one of the colon and the rectum of a patient. The method further includes delivering HIFU via the HIFU probe at a frequency of at least 1 mHz for at least 3 seconds to raise a temperature of a first portion of the designated treatment volume to above 65° C., thereby ablating the first portion and causing a tissue defect within the designated treatment volume. The method further includes applying a nonablative dose of energy via the HIFU probe to a second portion of the designated treatment volume to provoke stem cell homing in the second portion, thereby encouraging tissue regrowth.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to a system configured to deliver sensory stimulation to a user to enhance a target cognitive domain during a sleep session. Example target cognitive domains include memory consolidation, vigilance, verbal fluency, sleepiness, and/or other target cognitive domains. The stimulation is adjusted based on the target cognitive domain to be enhanced. Responsive to one or more brain activity parameters indicating the user is in sufficiently deep sleep, the system is configured to cause one or more sensory stimulators to provide sensory stimulation to the user according to a stimulation strategy associated with the target cognitive domain. The system is configured to determine the effect of the sensory stimulation provided to the user using a quantification method associated with the stimulation strategy and the target cognitive domain. The system includes one or more sensory stimulators, one or more sensors, one or more hardware processors, and/or other components.

Abstract: An artificial window is provided. The artificial window includes a window having a frame, and a display device disposed at a back side of the window. The display device is used to display images. An image capturing device may be disposed on the window to obtain a viewer image of a viewer. Thus, a viewing direction of the viewer may be determined based on the viewer image, and the images being displayed on the display device may be changed based on the location of the viewer. The display device may be a curved display device, which is wider than the frame. Alternatively, the display device may be a flat display device, and a lenticular array formed by lenticular lenses is disposed between the window and the flat display device. Each of the lenticular lenses is focused on or close to a display surface of the flat display device.

Abstract: A wearable eyebrow-irradiating device includes a main irradiation body, a circumferential light-shielding lining and a fastening headband. The main irradiation body, worn on user's head, has at least one lighting component for projecting respective eyebrow-growth stimulating beams onto corresponding eyebrow-growing zones upon when the main irradiation body is fitted onto the head. The circumferential light-shielding lining, mounted fixedly at the main irradiation body by surrounding the lighting component, is to shield the eyebrow-growing zone, so that an eye can be isolated from the neighboring eyebrow-growing zone. The fastening headband, connecting the main irradiation body, is to wear the main irradiation body tightly onto the head, and to elastically deform the circumferential light-shielding lining so as to completely shield the eyebrow-growing zone and thus to prevent the eyebrow-growth stimulating beam from irradiating the eye.

Abstract: Virtual reality method intended to be implemented in a virtual reality system, the method including the production of a stimulus in the system during a period of stimulation, the stimulus including: a projection of an image sequence; a production of a first sound signal including a soundtrack linked to the progress of the image sequence; a production of a second sound signal having a first frequency and a third sound signal having a second frequency, the second sound signal being audible from one ear and the third sound signal being audible from the other ear of the user; a production of a fourth sound signal including a spoken presentation; during an initial portion of said predetermined period, the stimulus further including an induction signal; and during a final portion of said predetermined period, the intensity of the sound signals decreasing in intensity until a zero intensity, and the image sequence decreasing in intensity until a zero intensity.