Abstract: Provided is a refrigerator for a vehicle. The refrigerator for the vehicle may include a cavity or compartment accommodating a product, a machine room disposed at a side of the cavity, a compressor accommodated in the machine room to compress a refrigerant, a condensation module or assembly accommodated in the machine room to condense the refrigerant, an evaporation module or assembly accommodated in the cavity to evaporate the refrigerant and thereby to cool the cavity, a machine room cover defining an inner space of the machine room, and a controller mounted on an outer surface of the machine room cover.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air conditioning module, a modular air conditioning system, a transport vehicle and a method. The air conditioning module the air conditioning module (51) comprises an evaporator (65), a condenser (66) and a compressor (67) which are mounted to, onto or in the frame (60). The frame (60) further defines or bounds a first volume V1 that is arranged in air communication with the evaporator (65) and a second volume V2 that is arranged in air communication with the condenser (66). The second volume V2 is separated from the first volume VI, at least in the lateral direction T. The frame (60) is provided with one or more walls (71), (72), (73), (74) to at least partially define or bound the first volume V1 and the second volume V2. The first volumes V1 are aligned in the stacking direction S to form the continuous first air channel C1.

Abstract: A system for cooling a plurality of processors in a data center is disclosed. The cooling system includes a refrigeration system having a compressor for compressing a carbon dioxide (CO2) working fluid, an air cooled heat exchanger downstream from the compressor and located out-of-doors for cooling the working fluid, an expansion device downstream from the heat exchanger, a cooling device located within the data center in which the working fluid is expanded to cool the processors by circulating the cooled air around the processors, and a return line for the return of the working fluid from the cooling device to the compressor.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus (1) includes a heat-source-side unit (10) using a refrigerant that works in a supercritical region. The heat-source-side unit (10) includes a compression element (20) configured to compress the refrigerant, a heat-source-side heat exchanger (24), an expansion valve (26) provided downstream of the heat-source-side heat exchanger (24), a receiver (25) provided downstream of the expansion valve (26), and a control unit (101). The control unit (101) performs a first operation for evaluating the amount of the refrigerant based on a high-pressure-side pressure, on a first condition that the internal pressure of the receiver (25) be equal to or less than a supercritical pressure.

Abstract: A thermal management system that includes an open-circuit refrigeration system having an open-circuit refrigerant fluid flow path is described. The open-circuit refrigeration system includes a receiver configured to store a refrigerant fluid, an evaporator configured to receive the refrigerant fluid at a evaporator inlet and to extract heat from a heat load that contacts the evaporator, and provide refrigerant vapor at a evaporator outlet. The open-circuit refrigeration system also includes a vapor pump device having a vapor pump inlet that receives the refrigerant vapor and having a vapor pump outlet that outputs compressed refrigerant vapor to an exhaust line coupled to the vapor pump outlet, with the receiver, the evaporator, the vapor pump device, and the exhaust line connected in the open-circuit refrigerant fluid flow path.

Abstract: A hybrid cooling system of an electric machine is contemplated. The hybrid cooling system comprises a propeller positioned on an exterior of an enclosure, at least one electronic component disposed within the enclosure, and a vapor chamber disposed within the enclosure, wherein the vapor chamber comprises an actuator configured to generate mist from a liquid coolant within the enclosure. In operation, in a first mode, the propeller rotates for generating air that is channeled into the enclosure via fins that are disposed on exterior portions of the enclosure, and in a second mode, the actuator generates mist within the vapor chamber, and the propeller rotates for generating air that is channeled into the enclosure via the fins disposed therein.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed include a heat exchange apparatus and method comprising, in an electronic device, a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the device wherein the heat exchanger comprises a flow duct for receiving a fluid, and at least a portion of the flow duct is arranged for thermal communication with the device. Preferred embodiments include a pressure reducing unit comprising a pump associated with the flow duct and a Venturi tube configured for reducing the pressure of the fluid in the portion of the flow duct arranged in thermal communication with the device and less than the pressure external to the duct. An embodiment includes a fluid reservoir, and a second heat exchanger for removing heat from the fluid reservoir wherein the second heat exchanger comprises an evaporator in a refrigerant system through which refrigerant is passed in a closed loop via an expansion valve from a gas cooler and back into a compressor.

Abstract: A thermal management system that includes an open-circuit refrigeration system having an open-circuit refrigerant fluid flow path is described. The open-circuit refrigeration system includes a receiver configured to store a refrigerant fluid, an evaporator configured to receive the refrigerant fluid at a evaporator inlet and to extract heat from a heat load that contacts the evaporator, and provide refrigerant vapor at a evaporator outlet. The open-circuit refrigeration system also includes a vapor pump device having a vapor pump inlet that receives the refrigerant vapor and having a vapor pump outlet that outputs compressed refrigerant vapor to an exhaust line coupled to the vapor pump outlet, with the receiver, the evaporator, the vapor pump device, and the exhaust line connected in the open-circuit refrigerant fluid flow path.

Abstract: A thermo-electric cooler pump system includes a liquid pump comprising a chiller/heater component and a case component. The case component seals a liquid so that the liquid does not enter the thermo-electric cooler pump system except by an inlet port and escape the thermo-electric cooler pump system except by an exit port. The system includes a motor component situated outside of the case component and not wetted by the liquid. A shaft of the motor component enters the case through a sealed hole. An impeller component is contained within the case component and attached to the shaft such that motion of motor component is transferred to the impeller component causing liquid to enter the inlet port and flow toward the exit port.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerating or warming apparatus. The refrigerating or warming apparatus may include a cavity or compartment of which at least a portion of a wall is provided as a vacuum adiabatic body, a machine room disposed at a side outside the cavity, a compressor accommodated in the machine room to compress a refrigerator, a first heat exchange module or assembly accommodated in the machine room to allow the refrigerant to be heat-exchanged, a second heat exchange module or assembly accommodated in the cavity to allow the refrigerant to be heat-exchanged, and a machine room cover which covers the machine room to separate air flow passages where an internal air flow and an external air flow have directions opposite to each other.

Abstract: A rotary current machine system and method for controlling an electric rotary current machine, in particular an induction machine, having a rotor, a stator and at least two phase windings is disclosed. At least one electrical signal, in particular a voltage signal, is applied to at least one phase winding, preferably all phase windings, of the rotary current machine, and the current waveform in the at least one phase winding is measured. An intermodulation signal component, induced in the rotary current machine by slotting effects and magnetic saturation effects, which is determined from the current waveform measured in the at least one phase winding, is used for controlling the rotary current machine.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided and include a case controller for a refrigeration case of a refrigeration system. The case controller is configured to: determine an evaporator saturated suction temperature (SST) of an evaporator of the refrigeration case; control an evaporator pressure regulator of the refrigeration system based on a comparison of the evaporator SST with an evaporator saturated suction temperature (SST) setpoint; receive an air temperature value from an air temperature sensor associated with the refrigeration case; determine whether the air temperature value is within a predetermined range of an air temperature setpoint; and adjust the SST setpoint in response to the air temperature value being outside of the predetermined range of the air temperature setpoint.

Abstract: A metering device may automatically control fluid flow through a valve. A control system may alter the automatic control of a metering device. In some implementations, a predetermined event may occur to alter the automatic control of the metering device.

Abstract: A diaphragm compressor includes first structure having a first pressing part, a first diaphragm, and a first substrate partially separated from the first diaphragm and partially joined to the first diaphragm, a second structure having a second pressing part, a second diaphragm, and a second substrate partially separated from the second diaphragm and partially joined to the second diaphragm, the first structure and the second structure being stacked in a stacking direction in which the first diaphragm and the first substrate are stacked, wherein the first pressing part is placed at sides of the first diaphragm opposite to the first substrate, and a first separation portion between the first diaphragm and the first substrate is part of a first channel in which a fluid flows, the second pressing part is placed at sides of the second diaphragm opposite to the second substrate, and a second separation portion between the second diaphragm and the second substrate is part of a second channel in which a fluid flows,

Abstract: A transportation refrigeration system (100, 200, 300) includes a refrigeration system component (110), a linear generator (104, 202, 310) electrically connected to the refrigeration system component (110), and a linkage (142, 214). The linkage (142, 214) is operably connected to the linear generator (104, 202, 310) to convert movement of the transportation refrigeration system (100, 200, 300) into electrical power for communication to the refrigeration system component (110). An electric transportation refrigeration system used to cool a trailer box are also described.

Abstract: A thermostat is disclosed. The thermostat can include one or more temperature sensors configured to measure a plurality of temperature values within a building. The thermostat can include a processing circuit coupled to the one or more temperature sensors. The processing circuit can receive the plurality of measured temperature values from the one or more temperature sensors. The processing circuit can determine, based on a time invariant Non-Linear Least Squares (NLSQ) technique and the plurality of measured temperature values, a compensated temperature value within the building, wherein the compensated temperature value accounts for an unknown temperature state of the thermostat when the thermostat is turned on.

Abstract: A battery module includes a module case, a battery cell assembly that is received in the module case, a heat sink mounted below the module case, and a heat pipe member mounted inside an upper side of the module case. The battery cell assembly includes battery cells, each of which has an electrode lead drawn to one or two sides thereof. The battery cells are stacked along a horizontal direction of the module case such that an edge of each of the battery cells not having an electrode lead is oriented downwardly facing the heat sink. The heat pipe member includes an evaporator and a condenser, the evaporator being formed on a side of the electrode leads of the battery cells, and the condenser being in contact with an inner surface of the module case.

Abstract: Capturing mercury or arsenic heavy metal from a moist gas containing water vapour, by: a) cooling the moist gas by heat exchange with a heat transfer fluid produced in e) in order to obtain a gas cooled to a temperature Tf, vaporizing the heat transfer fluid; b) separating condensed water and condensates contained in the cooled gas obtained in a) obtaining a gas depleted in water and a liquid stream containing water; c) compressing vaporized heat transfer fluid obtained from a) obtaining compressed heat transfer fluid; d) heating water-depleted gas by heat exchange with compressed heat transfer fluid obtained in c) obtaining a cooled heat transfer fluid and a gas reheated to a temperature Tc; e) decompressing cooled heat transfer fluid obtained in d), recycling heat transfer fluid to a); f) contacting reheated gas obtained in d) with a capture mass for said heavy metal.

Abstract: A thermal management method and system in a vehicle include a chiller to cause heat transfer between a coolant loop that defines a path in which a coolant circulates and a refrigerant loop that defines a path in which a refrigerant circulates. The system includes an electronic expansion valve (EXV) in the refrigerant loop to control a flow of the refrigerant into a first part of the chiller, and a coolant pump in the coolant loop to control a flow of the coolant into a second part of the chiller. A controller controls the EXV and the coolant pump based on a target amount for the heat transfer.

Abstract: An air conditioning system, a vehicle and a method of controlling the vehicle with a vehicle air conditioning system are provided. The vehicle air conditioning system has a refrigeration circuit having a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator in sequential fluid communication, with a valve assembly and a battery chiller positioned for parallel flow with the evaporator. A cooling circuit in the vehicle has a chiller. A controller is configured to, in response to a temperature of the evaporator being less than a first predetermined value and the compressor operating at a predetermined speed, open the valve assembly to divert a portion of refrigerant through the chiller and away from the evaporator. The refrigerant may be diverted, for example, to raise the temperature of the evaporator and/or prevent cycling of the compressor.

Abstract: To provide a composition for a heat cycle system with which a HCFO or a CFO can more stably lubricate, and a heat cycle system employing the composition. A composition for a heat cycle system comprising a working fluid for heat cycle containing at least one compound selected from predetermined HCFO and CFO, and a mixed refrigeration oil obtained by mixing a naphthenic mineral oil and other predetermined refrigeration oil, wherein the mixed refrigeration oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 300 mm2/s or lower, a mixed composition 1 of the working fluid for heat cycle and the mixed refrigeration oil at a concentration of the working fluid for heat cycle of 10 mass % has a viscosity at 60° C. of 10 mPa·s or higher, and a mixed composition 2 of the working fluid for a heat cycle system and the mixed refrigeration oil at a concentration of the mixed refrigeration oil of 5 mass % has a two phase separation temperature of 0° C.

Abstract: A pipe unit allows refrigerant to divide or merge and includes: branch pipes; and a main pipe. The pipe unit is connected to a connection pipe, and the pipe unit and the connection pipe together form a liquid-side refrigerant channel between an outdoor unit and indoor units. The main pipe communicates with each of the branch pipes, forms a channel through which the refrigerant flows to or from each of the branch pipes, and is disposed, in an installed state, on an outdoor unit side of the branch pipes in the liquid-side refrigerant channel. The main pipe includes a first part that extends in a first direction, at least one of the branch pipes includes a second part that extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction, the first direction is horizontal in the installed state, and the second direction is vertical in the installed state.

Abstract: An electric drive unit for a motor vehicle includes an electrical machine having a stator and a rotor. An inverter having a first switch unit energizes a first phase system (U, V, W) of the stator. A transmission is connected to the rotor for torque transmission. A lubricant circuit lubricates the transmission and/or cools the rotor. A first cooling circuit cools the first switch unit. A lubricant-coolant heat exchanger thermally couples the first coolant circuit and the lubricant circuit. A control device provides a dissipation-increasing operating mode for the first switch unit in order to increase a dissipation heating a coolant of the first coolant circuit. The lubricant-coolant heat exchanger transfers heat from the heated coolant to the lubricant circuit in order to reduce a viscosity of a lubricant.

Abstract: A control method and a control system for a compressor in a refrigeration system, implements control logic based on the monitoring of parameters of the refrigeration system, where these parameters may include, for example, a previous load (Cant), a current load (Catu), a reference load (Cref), a measured cycle time (tcycle) and a target time (ttarget).

Abstract: A cooling system is designed to operate in two different modes. Generally, in the first mode, when parallel compression is needed, certain valves are controlled to direct gaseous refrigerant from a tank to a compressor in the system and to direct refrigerant from low side heat exchangers towards other compressors. In this manner, a compressor in the system is transitioned to be generally a parallel compressor. In the second mode, when parallel compression is not needed, the valves are controlled to return the refrigerant flow back to normal.

Abstract: The present disclosure disclosures a method and an apparatus for controlling a device. The method is applied in an indoor unit of a multi-split system and includes: when a temperature sensor fails, selecting other indoor units operating in the same operation mode with a current indoor unit from all indoor units; obtaining corresponding sensor parameters from temperature sensors of the indoor units operating in the same operation mode; and controlling the device according to the obtained sensor parameters.

Abstract: A refrigeration system includes an evaporator within which a refrigerant absorbs heat, a gas cooler/condenser within which the refrigerant rejects heat, a compressor operable to circulate the refrigerant between the evaporator and the gas cooler/condenser, a high pressure valve operable to control a pressure of the refrigerant at an outlet of the gas cooler/condenser, and a controller. The controller is configured to automatically generate a setpoint for a measured or calculated variable of the refrigeration system based on a measured temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the gas cooler/condenser. The setpoint is generated using a stored relationship between the measured temperature and a maximum estimated coefficient of performance (COP) that can be achieved at the measured temperature. The controller is configured to operate the high pressure valve to drive the measured or calculated variable toward the setpoint.

Abstract: A fluid or gas cooling and/or condensing apparatus, system and method provides a cooling apparatus for cooling and condensing material, such as, for example, refrigerant from air conditioners, refrigerators, and other like mechanical cooling devices for collecting the same, and/or other gases and/or fluids, such as wine, for example.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a headless thermostat device and an adapter unit. The headless thermostat device includes one or more circuits configured to receive a control input from a user device via a local wireless network and generate a control signal for HVAC equipment based on the control input. The adapter unit includes one or more circuit configured to receive the control signal from the headless thermostat device via the local wireless network and provide the control signal to the HVAC equipment for operation of the HVAC equipment in accordance with the control input.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a three-component mixed working fluid for an ICE waste heat recovery power cycle, wherein the three-component mixed working fluid consists of carbon dioxide, pentane and a refrigerant, the refrigerant is a high-performance environment-friendly refrigerant with GWP value which is lower than 1000 and ODP value which is 0, and the refrigerant is one selected from a group consisting of difluoromethane, fluoroethane and 1,1-difluoroethane; according to the selected refrigerants, the mass percentage of each component is as follow: the mass percentage of CO2, pentane and difluoromethane are 30-70, 10-20, and 10-60; the mass percentage of CO2, pentane and fluoroethane are 30-70/10-20/10-50; the mass percentage of CO2, pentane and 1,1-difluoroethane are 10-70/10-30/10-60.

Abstract: Disclosed are an air conditioning system and its pressure ratio control method and device. The method includes: acquiring an actual pressure ratio of the compressor every preset time period in operation of the air conditioning system; judging whether the actual pressure ratio is greater than or equal to the first pressure ratio corresponding to a current level; controlling the compressor to downshift one level for operation if the actual pressure ratio is greater than or equal to the first pressure ratio corresponding to the current level; further judging whether the actual pressure ratio is less than the second pressure ratio corresponding to the current level if the actual pressure ratio is less than the first pressure ratio corresponding to the current level; and controlling the compressor to upshift one level for operation if the actual pressure ratio is less than the second pressure ratio corresponding to the current level.

Abstract: A control method for a refrigeration system (10), with the refrigeration system (10) including at least one compressor (1) associated with at least one pair of suction lines (L2, L3, . . . LN), with each of the suction lines (L2, L3, . . . LN) respectively associated with at least one refrigerated environment (C1, C2, . . . CN). The method includes generating a system equivalent (Seq) to the refrigeration system, with the equivalent system (Seq) comprising at least one control parameter (PC1, PC2, . . . PCN) associated with each of the refrigerated environments (C1, C2, . . . CN). A control system for a refrigeration system and a refrigeration appliance are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oxygen-control freshness preservation refrigerator, comprising a cabinet with a refrigerating compartment and a freezing compartment. A partition plate for separating the refrigerating compartment from the freezing compartment is arranged in the cabinet. The refrigerator further has a freshness preservation compartment arranged inside the refrigerating compartment and an oxygen control device for reducing the oxygen content inside the freshness preservation compartment, the oxygen control device comprises a gas-regulating membrane assembly and a gas extraction assembly. The gas-regulating membrane assembly has at least one gas-regulating membrane for selective gas permeation.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigeration apparatus that is capable of determining an increased possibility of ignition due to a refrigerant leak. An air conditioner (100) including a refrigerant circuit (10) includes a refrigerant gas sensor (81) and an oxygen gas sensor (82). The refrigerant circuit (10) has an R32 refrigerant charged therein, and performs a refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant gas sensor (81) detects a refrigerant gas in a room where at least a portion of the air conditioner (100) is located. The oxygen gas sensor (82) detects an oxygen gas in the room.

Abstract: A refrigeration system includes a subcooler configured to provide subcooling for a liquid refrigerant flowing through a first side of the subcooler by transferring heat from the liquid refrigerant to a gas refrigerant flowing through a second side of the subcooler. An expansion valve is located at an inlet of the second side of the subcooler and configured to control a flow of the gas refrigerant through the second side of the subcooler. A gas temperature sensor and a gas pressure sensor are configured to measure a temperature and pressure of the gas refrigerant. A liquid temperature sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the subcooled liquid refrigerant. A controller is configured to calculate a superheat of the gas refrigerant based on the measured temperature and measured pressure of the gas refrigerant and may compare the calculated superheat to a superheat threshold. If the calculated superheat is less than the superheat threshold, the controller may close the expansion valve.

Abstract: Methods are directed towards dynamically determining refrigerant film thickness at the rolling-element bearing and for dynamically controlling refrigerant film thickness at the rolling-element bearing. Further, an oil free chiller system is configured for dynamically determining refrigerant film thickness at the rolling-element bearing of the oil free chiller system, wherein the oil free chiller system is also configured for dynamically controlling refrigerant film thickness at the rolling-element bearing of the oil free chiller system.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for a motor vehicle includes a coolant circuit through which a coolant can flow, a coolant compressor, a first evaporator, at least one second evaporator, a first suction line for leading the coolant from the first evaporator to the coolant compressor, a second suction line, a main line connected fluidically to suction lines at a connecting point, and at least one internal heat exchanger, through which coolant flowing from the at least one of the evaporators to the coolant compressor can flow. The internal heat exchanger is arranged in at least one of the suction lines and the connecting point is arranged downstream of the at least one heat exchanger.

Abstract: The control method and system for the variable-frequency compressor includes: acquiring an operation current and an operation frequency of the variable-frequency compressor; determining that the operation current is greater than or equal to a preset frequency-limited current, and reducing the operation frequency to a preset frequency-limited frequency so as to enable the variable-frequency compressor to enter a frequency-limited mode; detecting an operation current at the moment of the variable-frequency compressor every preset duration; determining that the operation current at the moment meets a preset up-conversion condition, and increasing an operation frequency at the moment of the variable-frequency compressor by a preset up-conversion frequency step size until the variable-frequency compressor retreating from the frequency-limited mode; and determining that the operation current at the moment does not meet the preset up-conversion condition, and controlling the variable-frequency compressor to maintain

Abstract: An energy harvesting system is provided. The energy harvesting system includes a transport refrigeration unit (TRU), a remote wireless element operably disposed to respond to a characteristic of the TRU and an energy harvesting circuit. The remote wireless element includes a battery and a response element powered by the battery. The energy harvesting circuit is coupled to the battery and configured to generate electricity from TRU movements. The electricity generated from the TRU movements is provided to at least one of the remote wireless element to power operations of the remote wireless element and the battery to charge the battery.

Abstract: A heat pump system comprises: a main heat exchange circuit, comprising a two-stage compressor (100a,100b), a condenser (200), a throttle element (300a,300b) and an evaporator (400), which are connected in sequence to form a circuit; an economizer, disposed between the condenser and the evaporator; a gas supplement branch, connecting a gas outlet of the economizer to a gas supplement port of the compressor, with an economizer regulating valve (600) for controlling the opening and closing of a flow path being arranged on the gas supplement branch; and a control device, wherein the control device controls the opening and closing of the economizer regulating valve based on a refrigerant state feature in the evaporator during a start-up stage of the heat pump system.

Abstract: An air conditioner unit, as provided herein, may include a cabinet, an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger, a compressor, a heater bank array, and a controller. The compressor may be in fluid communication with the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger to circulate a refrigerant between the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger. The heater bank array may include a plurality of heater banks mounted within the indoor portion. The controller may be in operative communication with the compressor and the heater bank array. The controller may be configured to initiate a heating operation. The heating operation may include detecting objectionable heating unit performance of the heater bank array, reducing an electric power load of the heater bank array in response to detecting objectionable heating unit performance, and directing a modified heat cycle based on detecting objectionable heating unit performance.

Abstract: A method controls the level of liquid within an evaporator of a flooded-type chiller without level sensors. The flooded-type chiller includes at least one compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator. A number of sensors positioned in the system measures a number of first parameter information values. A controller calculates a number of second parameter information values based on the measured first parameter information values and further determines a virtual refrigerant level as a control signal based on the second parameter information values. Based on the determined virtual refrigerant level, the controller opens, closes or holds the expansion valve with respect to a dead zone for maintaining a pre-defined target refrigerant level so as to provide the desired refrigerant level and oil in the evaporator.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a possible leak within a gas water heater. One system is a gas water heater including a blower and an electronic processor. The electronic processor is configured to activate the blower for a predetermined amount of time, receive, during the predetermined amount of time, a measurement of a characteristic of the blower, perform a comparison between the measurement and a predetermined characteristic threshold, and determine, based on the comparison, that a blockage is present within the water heater. The electronic processor is further configured to output a notification in response to determining the blockage is present.

Abstract: A diaphragm-type compressor includes a substrate, an actuator, a diaphragm provided between the substrate and the actuator, and a case in which the diaphragm, the actuator, and the substrate are provided. A recessed section formed at the actuator side of the substrate and the actuator overlap in a plan view. The case has an inflow port of fluid further on the actuator side than the substrate based on the position of the diaphragm. The substrate includes a suction port for causing the recessed section to suck the fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a flash tank that stores a refrigerant, a first load that uses the refrigerant to cool a first space, second and third loads, first and second compressors, and a valve. During a first mode of operation: the second load uses the refrigerant to cool a second space, the third load uses the refrigerant to cool a third space, the second compressor compresses the refrigerant from the second and third loads, and the first compressor compresses the refrigerant from the first load and the second compressor. During a second mode of operation: the second compressor compresses the refrigerant from the second load and directs the compressed refrigerant to the third load to defrost the third load and the valve prevents the refrigerant at the third load from flowing to the flash tank until a pressure of the refrigerant at the third load exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle cools or warms a battery module by use of one chiller in which a coolant and a refrigerant exchange heat such that the system may be simplified, and heating efficiency may be improved by selectively using an external air heat source and waste heat of an electrical component in a heating mode of the vehicle.

Abstract: An air conditioner may be provided. The air conditioner may include a housing disposed on a base, the housing may house an evaporator unit, a condenser unit, and a compressor unit. A first air inlet and a first air outlet may be located on a first end of the housing. The first air inlet, the first air outlet and the evaporator may be connected to each other to form an internal air circulation system. A second air inlet and a second air outlet may be located on a second end of the housing. The second air inlet, the second air outlet and the condenser unit may be connected to each other to form an external air circulation system. Airways of the internal air circulation system and the external air circulation system may be independent from each other.

Abstract: A controller for controlling a system with continuous and discrete elements of operation accepts measurements of a current state of the system, solves a mixed-integer model predictive control (MI-MPC) problem subject to state constraints on the state of the system to produce control inputs to the system, and submits the control inputs to the system thereby changing the state of the system. To solve the MI-MPC, the controller transforms the state constraints into state-invariant control constraints on the control inputs to the system, such that any combination of values for the control inputs, resulting in a sequence of values for the state variables that satisfy the state constraints, also satisfy the state-invariant control constraints, and solve the MI-MPC problem subject to the state constraints and the state-invariant control constraints.

Abstract: A compressor system is described, including: at least a first compressor having a suction side and a delivery side; an anti-surge line; an anti-surge valve arranged along the anti-surge line and controlled for recirculating a gas flow from the delivery side back to the suction side of the compressor; a heat removal arrangement between the anti-surge valve and the suction side of the compressor.

Abstract: A compression refrigeration system includes a switch to select between a plurality of operation modes of a metering device that controls a rate of flow of a refrigerant to an evaporator of the compression refrigeration system. Each operation mode is associated with a respective refrigerant. Further, the compression refrigeration system includes a reference database that comprises pressure-temperature data associated with a plurality of refrigerants. Furthermore, the compression refrigeration system includes a valve adjustment engine that is communicatively coupled to the switch and the reference database. The valve adjustment engine controls the metering device based on an operation mode of the metering device that is selected using the switch. The operation mode is selected based on a refrigerant with which the compression refrigeration system is currently charged.