Abstract: An extrusion press shearing device includes: a converter that converts rotational motion of a ball screw into linear motion of a shearing slide drive frame; a shearing slide attached to the leading end of the shearing slide drive frame; and hydraulic cylinders attached to the shearing slide drive frame, wherein the ball screw of the converter and the hydraulic cylinders are arranged in parallel, and the ball screw is rotated to move the shearing slide vertically so that a discard is cut off by the hydraulic cylinders.

Abstract: A dummy block for a metal extrusion press comprises: a generally cylindrical base having a forward surface and an outwardly extending circumferential flange; an expandable collar coupled to the base, the collar having an inwardly extending circumferential rib abutting the circumferential flange; a collar support coupled to the base and abutting the collar; and a moveable plunger coupled to the base and accommodated by the collar. The plunger has a rear surface configured to abut the forward surface of the base.

Abstract: A tool including a front housing and an expander head ring that is readily attachable and detachable from the front housing. The front housing may be coupled to the tool body, or can be integral with the tool body. The front housing may have a mating end that has one or more locking tabs that are configured to be engaged by the expander head ring. The expander head ring may carry one or more functional elements such as a die set that may be expanded by insertion of an expander extending from the tool such as by manual actuation of the tool. A plurality of expander head rings, each with a different size die set, can be alternatively attached to the front housing, depending on the desired extent of expanding of the pipe or the like with the tool.

Abstract: A dummy block for a metal extrusion press comprises a base having a first surface; an expandable collar seated against the base; a moveable plunger coupled to the base and accommodated by the collar, the plunger having a second surface configured to abut against the first surface of the base; and an outer connecting ring coupling the collar to the base. The connecting ring comprises at least one feature engaging the base and a plurality of fingers engaging the collar.

Abstract: An improved device for application to metal material extruding press assemblies, for quickly replacing a heel element and/or a slotted tie-rod element applied to the press assemblies, characterized in that said device comprises a hydraulic cylinder for driving the slotted tie-rod element and that said heel element supports an auxiliary hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder having a recess for engaging therein a rear end portion of said slotted tie-rod element and that said auxiliary cylinder comprises an auxiliary cylinder pushing piston designed for performing a longitudinal translation and rotary movement thereby allowing said slotted tie-rod element and/or heel element to be assembled and disassembled.

Abstract: A two-split seal block is enabled, when closed, to come into close contact with an abutment surface of the seal block and an outer circumferential surface of an extrusion stem or fix dummy block via a seal member pasted to the abutment surface of the seal block and a seal member provided on an inner circumferential surface of the seal block and a pressing means capable of pressing and causing a seal member provided on a container side end surface of the seal block against and to come into close contact with a stem side end surface of the container is provided movably in the extrusion direction, and the seal block is provided so as to be capable of opening and closing by rocking in a direction crossing the axial direction of the extrusion stem and at the same time, the seal block is provided so as to be capable of moving in the direction crossing the axial direction of the extrusion stem in an open state.

Abstract: A method for making a flashlight housing comprises providing a blank of an electrically conductive material, impact extruding the blank of electrically conductive material to form an elongated hollow member that has an internal cavity open at a first end and that has a reduced inner diameter portion proximate a second end thereof, and coating the elongated hollow member with a coating material. The flashlight housing may have a tail cap, and may have O-rings for sealing at the rearward end of the tail cap, at the forward end of the housing, and/or at the interface between the housing and the tail cap.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multi-layer tool piece coating. For example, the tool piece may be a mold or die used for forming ultra high strength steel sheet. The multi-layer mold coating may include a CrN or Ti(C)N junction layer, a first TiAlN/CrN nano multilayer, and a second TiAlCN/CrCN nano multilayer. The CrN or Ti(C)N junction layer may be coated on a base material of the tool piece (e.g., a mold) for forming the steel sheet. The first TiAlN/CrN nano multilayer may be coated on the CrN or Ti(C)N junction layer as an intermediate layer. The second TiAlCN/CrCN nano multilayer may be coated on the first TiAlN/CrN nano multilayer as an outermost surface functional layer, and may include carbon (C) of about 1 at. % to about 30 at. % for high temperature and low friction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an extrusion press which eliminates unevenness of dynamic and thermal fatigue degrees of the hydraulic devices which form the hydraulic circuit in the extrusion press, the electric Motors which drive the hydraulic pump, the control devices, etc., which makes the dynamic and thermal fatigue degrees and remaining service lives of the component devices even, and which is excellent in energy saving effect. An extrusion press which has a plurality of variable capacity type hydraulic pumps connected to it in parallel for supplying working oil to hydraulic cylinders of the extrusion press, uses a preset working speed as the basis to find the required discharge rate of the hydraulic pumps, and selectively controls the drive operations of the hydraulic pumps, wherein the order of selection of the hydraulic pumps which are selectively controlled in drive operation is controlled by a program which progressively advances when a predetermined number of molding cycles are completed.

Abstract: A hot extrusion method for producing a metal piece comprising a tubular portion whereof one of the two ends is extended by a complex shape is provided. The method comprises: heating a billet from which the piece is made; and transferring the billet into a press extrusion tool, the tool including a cavity where the billet is placed and the shape of which substantially corresponds to the outer shape of the piece. The metal has, cold, a flow stress equal to or above 200 MPa. The complex shape and tubular portion are made by the following successive steps: at least one direct extrusion step using the first punch to produce the complex shape; a step for replacing the first punch with a second punch on the tool; at least one reverse extrusion step in the same tool to produce the tubular portion; and a step for evacuating the extruded piece.

Abstract: An equal channel angular extrusion tool comprising a punch assembly, a die set assembly, a base assembly, and a bottom slider assembly. The punch assembly comprises a punch, a punch nose, and a punch trolley. The die set assembly comprises an inlet channel and a removable core. The base assembly comprises a lifting mechanism which further comprises a die lift cylinder and a hold down ram. The bottom slider assembly comprises an ejection ram. The tool also includes a billet. The billet may be disposed in the bottom slider assembly. Severe plastic deformation is applied to the billet in the bottom slider assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dummy block (10) to be installed on the extrusion ram (20) of an extrusion device, whereby the dummy block (10) comprises at least one filler piece (30) having a pressing surface via which a force can be exerted onto a material that is to be extruded, and the outer diameter of the filler piece (30) is configured conically with an outer conical surface (31) and is surrounded by a sealing ring (40) which likewise forms part of the dummy block and whose inner diameter is dimensioned in such a way that the inner conical surface (41) of the sealing ring (40) and the outer conical surface (31) of the filler piece (30) form a gap (50).

Abstract: An extrusion method capable of performing extrusion by means of an extrusion die that can improve oxidation resistance while maintaining the excellent performance of titanium sintered body is provided. The present invention is directed to an extrusion method in which an extrusion material F is extruded through an extrusion hole 33 of a main die body 31. A main die body 31 is prepared, wherein the main die body 31 is constituted by surface-coated cermet material 1 containing cermet base material 11 formed of a sintered body including at least one or more titanium compounds selected from the group consisting of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, and titanium carbonitride as a main component, and an oxidation resistant film 12 formed on a section on the cermet base material 11 corresponding to at least an inner peripheral surface of the extrusion hole and formed of a complex oxide containing titanium. The extrusion die is preheated to a temperature of 420 to 520° C. before initiating the extrusion.

Abstract: A method of controlling a hydraulic system, the hydraulic system including a ram cylinder unit having a cylinder and a ram, and a hydraulic pump and a reservoir used to supply hydraulic fluid to the cylinder, and hydraulically driving the ram using the hydraulic fluid so as to move against a specific load, the method includes determining what a present state is one of an initial state, a proportional steady state, and a later state, controlling the pumping rate, which is obtained by adding the flow rate corresponding to the volume loss due to the compression of the hydraulic fluid thereto, to control the ram in the initial state, and controlling the pumping rate, which is obtained by subtracting the flow rate corresponding to volume recovery of the hydraulic fluid due to the relief of compression of the hydraulic fluid therefrom, to control the ram in the later state.

Abstract: A stem slide apparatus comprises a stem slide base (73) with a stem (6) horizontally mounted thereon to press a billet (B) mounted on a container (5), a slide guide member (72, 72a, 72b) mounted on a vertical stem move support member (71) and formed with guide grooves in which the side end portions of the stem slide base are fitted and vertically slid, and a lock means (77a, 77b) arranged on the slide guide member to press the side end portions of the stem slide base. The stem slide apparatus further comprises a drive mechanism (10) having an electric motor (11) to move the slide base in the sliding direction. Therefore the indirect cause of a fire is removed and the maintenance work simplified.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a device and a process for producing single-piece parts, including a bulk section and an elongated section, the device includes a die, formed from at least two half-shells, provided with an orifice for introducing material and bearing as a hollow the shape of the bulk section of the part, at least one of the two half-shells includes an extrusion orifice for producing the elongated section of the part. The process includes a step of pushing a slug of material into a die, provided with an inlet orifice and bearing as a hollow, the shape of the bulk section of the part, and a step of extruding a fraction of the slug to produce the elongated section of the part through an extrusion orifice of the die so as to form a blank of the part via a stamping-extrusion operation.

Abstract: The stem slide device of the present invention in an extruder has a stem vertical movement support (71) and slide guide members (72-1, 2) fastened to the support and forming guide grooves. A stem (6) pushing against a billet loaded in a container is held at the slide table (73) horizontally. The slide table slides in the vertical direction along the vertical face of the support. When the slide table is positioned at the bottom end of the guide groove, the hydraulic cylinders (77-1, 2) are driven so that the rods (78-1, 2) push the back surface of the slide table against the vertical face of the support. Therefore, the axis of the stem is held matched with the axis of the container.

Abstract: A stem slide apparatus comprises a stem slide base (73) with a stem (6) horizontally mounted thereon to press a billet (B) mounted on a container (5), a slide guide member (72, 72a, 72b) mounted on a vertical stem move support member (71) and formed with guide grooves in which the side end portions of the stem slide base are fitted and vertically slid, and a lock means (77a, 77b) arranged on the slide guide member to press the side end portions of the stem slide base. The stem slide apparatus further comprises a drive mechanism (10) having an electric motor (11) to move the slide base in the sliding direction. Therefore the indirect cause of a fire is removed and the maintenance work simplified.

Abstract: An extrusion molding method of an extrusion press includes a first step of loading a billet, the outer surface of which is subjected to a barking treatment, into a container, and extruding the billet in such a manner as to leave a predetermined length, a second step of loading a next billet into the container, additionally extruding the preceding billet with the succeeding billet in such a manner as to leave a predetermined length of the succeeding billet; and a third step of loading a next billet into the container and additionally extruding the preceding billet with the succeeding billet in such a manner as to leave a predetermined discard length of the succeeding billet and stopping extrusion. By way of these steps, the container does not move while maintaining contact with a die, and the billet is continuously extruded by leftover and additional extrusion.

Abstract: A method to manufacture a steel die having a Physical Vapor Deposition wear resistant coating on a profile surface and a steel die formed thereby is disclosed. The steel die is subjected to quenching and tempering to achieve a Rockwell hardness in the range of about 40-45 Rc and then subjected to machining to form a profile surface. The surface is then subjected to Physical Vapor Deposition of a wear resistant coating that may be multiple layers of CrN, AlCrN, TiCrN, TiN, TiCN or TiAlN, and preferably is alternating layers of TiN—TiCN—TiN. The coating is applied at a sufficient thickness to impart wear resistance to the steel die. The steel dies are useful in sheet metal stamping operations.

Abstract: A continuous metal extruder that comprises a rotatable member having an extrusion screw portion for transporting metal to be extruded in an axial direction of said rotatable member, and a fixed part, is disclosed. In a method the rotational member and the fixed part are biased in relation to each other. An extruder for carrying out the method comprises a spring element for the biasing. In one embodiment there is a thrust bearing arranged between the rotational member and the fixed part, said thrust bearing has a first bearing race facing said fixed part and a second bearing race facing a part of said rotatable member. The spring element is arranged to bias the thrust bearing, and thereby the rotational member and the fixed part in relation to each other, by exerting along said axial direction an expanding force between at least one of the of the following: the first race of the thrust bearing and the fixed part; and the second race of the thrust bearing and said part of the rotatable member.

Abstract: A cemented carbide tool containing tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, niobium carbide, possibly TaC, cobalt, chromium and possibly nickel, iron, molybdenum is disclosed. The composition of the materials provides a lighter material than usual, combined with a good resistance to corrosion as well as high hardness and wear resistance. These properties are particularly interesting for the manufacture of punch tools for cold forming operations. Cold forming tools made with these materials will have much better performance, particularly more steady performance and much longer lifetime. A method of cold forming and drawing, particularly deep drawing and ironing process of aluminum and steel beverage can manufacturing, is also disclosed.

Abstract: In the metal billet to be used for hot dilation forming, a forward side with respect to the pressing direction has a quadrate section and its diagonal length is not more than an inner diameter of a container. Moreover, a backward side with respect to the pressing direction has a circular section and its diameter is substantially same as the inner diameter of the container. The metal billet is heated to a temperature suitable for press working and is set into a container for press forming. While a center of a workpiece of the metal billet is being bored by a boring punch to be operated by a pressing machine, the metal billet is hot-dilated so that a bottomed container for a cask is formed.

Abstract: A composite material composed of nanocarbon materials and metallic materials for a matrix is extrusion molded to have the nanocarbon materials oriented in one direction.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel aluminum tube of an oval cross section that has a wider range of applications and added values. A disk-shaped metal slug (21) is impact-extruded with the use of a die (14) and a punch (13) each having an optimally designed structure to form a metal tube (T) integrally including a mouth, a shoulder and a body of an oval cross section. A hem portion of the oval body of the tube (T) thus formed and hardened by the impact extrusion is once deformed into a circular shape, and then trimmed off by a turning operation.

Abstract: The apparatus for extrusion of material includes a process chamber provided in front of a die thereby serving to control parameters of the extrusion method. A die hold is provided to serve both as a structure for mounting a die in the front end of a hollow stem and a process chamber in front of a die. Preferably the process chamber is provided with structure for establishing resistance to the material to control the flow of material through the chamber. The control structure is adapted to serve both as a temperature regulating device for achieving an optimum temperature of the metal inside the process chamber and as a position controlling device for controlling the position of the metal inside the process chamber during the loading of a new billet.

Abstract: In a dummy block construction for use in extruding an extrudable metal, the dummy block having a dummy block base; a connector for connecting said dummy block base to a stem of an extruder; a replaceable wear ring connected to a forward circumferential portion of said dummy block base; a device for releasably securing said wear ring to said dummy block base; a device for expanding said ring to engage a billet container inside wall of an extrusion press during extrusion of a billet of extrudable metal through such extrusion press, the improvement being characterized in the wear ring being a metal collar having a conical interior surface converging towards said dummy block base; and the device for expanding the ring comprising a metal plunger having a plunger head with a conical surface for engaging the collar conical surface to expand the collar as said plunger head is forced into the collar during extrusion; the converging surfaces of the collar and the plunger head extending a sufficient distance to permit t

Abstract: An extruder is formed of a container having a container liner for receiving a billet therein, an extrusion stem situated near the container for disposing the billet into the container, and a two-piece seal block installed between the container and the extrusion stem for sealing therebetween. The seal block is formed of two seal block sections for sandwiching the extrusion stem therebetween. Each seal block section includes a base piece having a press member, and a holding block detachably attached to the base piece to be moved by the press member and having a first sealing member facing the extrusion stem and a second sealing member facing the container. A moving device is attached to the seal block sections for moving the seal block sections relative to the extrusion stem. The holding block is urged to the extrusion stem by the moving device, and to the container by the press member to thereby seal between the container and the extrusion stem.

Abstract: In a dummy block construction for use in extruding an extrudable metal, the dummy block having a dummy block base; a connector for connecting said dummy block base to a stem of an extruder; a replaceable wear ring connected to a forward circumferential portion of said dummy block base; a device for releasably securing said wear ring to said dummy block base; a device for expanding said ring to engage a billet container inside wall of an extrusion press during extrusion of a billet of extrudable metal through such extrusion press, the improvement being characterized in the wear ring being a metal collar having a conical interior surface converging towards said dummy block base; and the device for expanding the ring comprising a metal plunger having a plunger head with a conical surface for engaging the collar conical surface to expand the collar as said plunger head is forced into the collar during extrusion; the plunger head having a planar face and the collar having a forward planar face; the converging surf

Abstract: An extruder has a cylindrical container into which a billet is loaded; a two-piece seal block disposed on an end surface of the container at an extruding stem side; a vacuum deaerating hole formed in the seal block; and a fixed dummy block, having an internal cooling function, fixed to an end of the extruding stem, wherein the seal block is allowed to be opened and closed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the container and the seal block comes in close contact with an outer surface of the extruding stem and the end surface of the container when the seal block is closed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for manufacturing seamless tubes from hollow billets that will not contain metal oxide, which may be introduced into the extruded metal tube from an oxide layer formed on the inner surface of the hollow billets, so as to improve the quality of the extruded product and extend the service life of the extrusion piercer rod. A de-oxide latch, which has a substantially circular disk shape and is dimensioned such that it is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the hollow billet, is placed in front of the piercer rod so as to remove the metal oxide layer formed on the inner surface of the hollow billet through an upsetting shearing force ahead of the normal stress generated by the forward movement of the extrusion stem. The extrusion apparatus also utilizes a screw and pierce doughnut combination to securely affix the piercer rod to the stem and to effectuate the extrusion of the hollow billet through an extrusion die to form seamless tubes.

Abstract: An improved fixed dummy block assembly to be used with a heavy duty metal extrusion assembly including a hydraulic press and a billet container. The assembly includes a stem connected with the press in axial alignment with the billet container so as to be pushed by the press towards an open inlet end of the billet container. Further, the stem, which is generally elongate and includes a first end having an axial socket extending into the stem therethrough, is structured to receive an exterior dummy block member therein within the axial socket. The exterior dummy block member includes an expansion segment and a connector segment, the connector segment being structured to be axially and slidingly inserted into the axial socket of the stem so as to be securely, yet removably locked in place without the use of any threads.

Abstract: A ram that is utilized in high speed apparatus for forming elongated one piece metal can bodies from shallow cups is constructed by metallurgically bonding either a nose piece to a body or a tail piece to a body, the body constructed from a single integral piece having an elongated thin walled tube section with either a tail piece section or a nose piece section for connection to a drive means.

Abstract: An indirect extrusion press wherein a cleaning ring can be clamped with certainty by clamp members. The indirect extrusion press has a die stem, a container, a cleaning ring removably fitted at an end portion of the die stem for cleaning the inner face of the container, a loose die removably mounted at the end of the die stem, and a handling apparatus including first and second pairs of clamp members for clamping therebetween and handling the cleaning ring and the loose die, respectively. The cleaning ring has a circumferential groove formed on an outer periphery thereof. Each of the first pair of clamp members for clamping the cleaning ring therebetween has a projection formed thereon for engaging the circumferential groove of the cleaning ring.

Abstract: An extrusion press for extruding extrudable metals through a die by use of a dummy block, the addition of a mechanical venting device to vent gases from the container.

Abstract: In a circular dummy block for use in an extrusion press for extruding through a die, extrudable metal, a bayonet type coupler for connecting the dummy block to a stem of the extrusion press.

Abstract: In an extrusion press the void space between a pressure pad (4), a billet container (5), an extrusion die (6) and the billet (12) to be extruded is evacuated by suction through the pressure pad (4) and a hollow extrusion stem (3) before the commencement of extrusion. The extrusion ram (2) is hollow and contains a vacuum reservoir (7) connected to the hollow stem by a vacuum line (8) and valve (9). The vacuum line may have a compressed air line (10) and valve (11) connected to it.

Abstract: A forging punch of the present invention includes: an outer punch of a cylindrical shape; and an inner punch disposed in the outer punch and protruding from an end surface of the outer punch; at least one of the punches having at least one groove for relieving oil formed either on an inner peripheral surface of the outer punch or on an outer peripheral surface of the inner punch. Therefore, an oil remaining between the end surface of the outer punch and the bottom surface of a workpiece is relieved to the outside of the forging punch by way of the groove, thereby enabling precise forging. Further, the forging punch has obviated additional processing, because no traces of the groove are marked on the workpiece after processing.

Abstract: An aluminum tube manufacturing device is provided that includes a female die having an internal shape identical with an external shape of an upper part of an aluminum tube to be formed thereby, including a mouth portion, a shoulder portion and a portion of a drum part of the tube. A punch having an external shape identical with the internal shape of the upper part of the tube that is to be formed forcibly extrudes the aluminum tube by applying pressure to a ring-shaped element of aluminum material loaded in the female die. A corner portion of the female die which joins the shoulder portion with the drum portion in the internal shape of the female die is formed as a smooth arc, and the punch is formed to have a maximum diameter portion thereof approaching a vertical internal surface of the drum portion below the arc-shaped corner portion of the female die when the punch is being pressed into the female die.

Abstract: An apparatus for pre-piercing billets includes a generally cylindrical container for receiving and supporting a generally cylindrical billet, a mandrel bar mounted for axial movement along the axis of the cylinder for penetrating the billet, and a bolster for engaging the billet during penetration of the billet by the mandrel bar, wherein the bolster includes a bolster pin which is axially movable along the axis of the container, the bolster pin having an end which contacts the billet during penetration of the billet by the mandrel bar such that the billet deforms about the end of the bolster pin. A movable support is carried by the mandrel bar toward the billet during advancement of the mandrel bar prior to pre-piercing the billet, the movable support being configured to enter the generally cylindrical container to engage a portion of the container so as to provide additional structural rigidity to the mandrel bar to resist deflection of the mandrel bar during penetration of the billet.

Abstract: Conductor in strip, sheet or wire form with an electrical conductivity of at least 0.85.times.10.sup.6 .OMEGA..sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 at 77.degree. K. composed of a composite material of a metal matrix (1) and particles (2) composed of a high-temperature superconductor of the type RE Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6.5-7.5 embedded therein and arranged rectilinearly in the longitudinal direction, RE generally denoting a rare earth metal. Preferably RE=yttrium and specifically the substance YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7 and the particle diameter=0.1-100 .mu.m, more narrowly 0.2-20 .mu.m. Optionally an additional metal sheath which envelops the body forming the matrix (1).

Abstract: Metal billets trapped in the billet container of an indirect extrusion press are removed by indirect extrusion in the reverse direction until the billet size is reduced sufficiently for the residue to be expelled bodily from the container. The stem used to support the container-closing plug constitutes, or is replaced by a stem for effecting the reverse indirect extrusion.

Abstract: An indirect extrusion process, and apparatus therefor, for producing an extrusion product from a hot metal billet. A press container is mounted to be substantially axially stationary during extrusion of a billet. A hot billet, a die and a pressure disc are located into the axial throughbore of the container so that the billet is sandwiched between the die and pressure disc, with the pressure disc having a maximum outer diameter between opposite radial faces which is slightly less than the diameter of the axial throughbore to define a diametrical clearance between the pressure disc and the press container. A bolster is located adjacent the pressure disc and is axially fixed to substantially prevent axial movement of the pressure disc in a direction toward the bolster during extrusion. The bolster exerts a relatively insigificant axial force against the container.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the sidewall tension in a workpiece being drawn through a draw die and/or ironing die. A punch is provided which is adapted to measure and continuously monitor the axial load on the punch nose and the total axial load on the punch, the distribution of such loads around the periphery of the punch, and bending of the punch near the base and nose due to lateral and nonuniform forces acting on the punch as the workpiece is forced through a die or dies. Determination of the forces, their distribution, and punch bending enables accurately determining the tensile stress at any portion of the sidewall.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for removing a jammed billet from a container on a metal extrusion press in which a billet in a container is extruded through a die at the fore end of a die stem by relative movement of the die stem admitted into the container while the billet and container are held stationary relative to each other. Should the billet in the container jam, pressure is applied on the rear end face of the billet in the axial pressing direction thereby extruding the billet in the counter-pressing axial direction.

Abstract: Double-stem type extrusion method and apparatus used for extrusion-molding rod-like and tubular products. In order to upset a solid or hollow billet (5, 5A) supplied to a container (1), the end of the container (1) which is on the side of a press stem (6) is closed with a blistering-preventing cover (11) which is not moved relatively to the container (1). A pressure is then applied to the billet (5, 5A) from the side of a die (8) to start the yield deformation thereof from the same side thereof. As the yield deformation movement of the billet (5, 5A) progresses, the air existing between the inner surface of the container and billet (5, 5A) is discharged from the portion of the container (1) which is on the side of the cover (11).

Abstract: An evacuating device for a plunger molding apparatus including a material cylinder for receiving a blank to be extruded, a ram head slidably engageable in the material cylinder, a hydraulic plunger having a piston connected to the ram head, an evacuating cap provided slidably in an air-tight manner on the piston and having evacuating pipes, and a blowdown valve provided in the ram head for closing and opening an air blow aperture formed in the ram head. The ram head has a flat surface which is in contact with the blank in the material cylinder. An O-ring is arranged in the flat surface of the ram head about the air blow aperture. The blowdown valve consists of a stem and a head which is brought into contact with the flat surface of the ram head through the O-ring when the ram head is being advanced, thereby improving the air-tightness between the ram head and the blowdown valve to prevent the ceramic batch from entering the air blow aperture.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for coating a high tensile strength fibrous material with an extrudible, corrosion-resistant metal to form a composite, continuous wire using dies, a compression cylinder in fluid connection with the dies, a piston for forcing the metal out of the compression cylinder and through the dies and a mechanism for feeding a fibrous material through the dies as the metal coating is extruded out the dies with the fiber. Continuous lengths of a composite material made by such a method, electrode grids comprised of the composite material made by such a method and a cabled composite wire constructed of the composite material made by such a method. Also, series and parallel connected cells comprising a battery utilizing such electrode grids.

Abstract: Method of plastically deforming a body of malleable solid material between male and female dies which are forcible pressed together. The material is subjected to repeated identical pressing cycles; in each pressing cycle the force between the dies is concentrated consecutively on separate sections of the surface of the material being deformed. The body may be directly or indirectly extruded into an elongated shape from a location between the male and female dies which is disposed nearest the section of the surface of the material being deformed in each pressing cycle, or it may be deformed between the dies without any appreciable portion thereof escaping from between the dies.

Abstract: A device for indirect extrusion of a hollow section from a billet, in particular a hollow aluminum billet, which is presented to a shape-giving orifice of a die, which is such that a container can be passed over it, thus enclosing the die, and features in its orifice a mandrel that determines the inner contour of the hollow section. A shaping recess is provided, with respect to the extrusion direction x, immediately in front of the shape-giving orifice of the die, the radial dimension of which recess is greater than the width of the shape-giving orifice. The shaping recess is provided either in the face of the die directed towards the extrusion stem or in the face of the extrusion stem directed towards face of the die.