Abstract: There are provided a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more and a production method therefor. The high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet has a predetermined component composition and a microstructure containing 75.0% or more by area and less than 97.0% by area of a primary phase composed of an upper bainite phase, the primary phase having an average grain size of 12.0 ?m or less, and more than 3.0% by area and 25.0% or less by area of a secondary phase that is a structure composed of one or two of a lower bainite phase and/or a tempered martensite phase, and a martensite phase, in which the number density of grains of the secondary phase having an equivalent circular diameter of 0.5 ?m or more is 150,000 grains/mm2 or less, and the steel sheet has an arithmetic mean surface roughness of 2.00 ?m or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a screw for cutting a thread into a component, having a shank which at least in portions is provided with a thread, a screw head having a drive configuration, the latter being adjoined by the shank, wherein, proceeding from an end of the shank that is opposite the head, first a cutting portion and then a holding portion are disposed, wherein the cutting portion and the holding portion are provided with a thread, wherein the holding portion has a larger external diameter in relation to the cutting portion, characterized in that a truncated-cone-type intermediate portion that is provided with a thread is disposed between the holding portion and the cutting portion, and in that the cutting portion has a truncated-cone-type attachment portion.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for providing an instantiated industrial semantic model, iISM, for an industrial infrastructure having data generation components, the apparatus including: an interface unit adapted to receive from an industrial infrastructure data generated by data generation components provided within the industrial infrastructure, a context management unit adapted to derive types of data generation components provided within the industrial infrastructure depending on characteristics of the received data and adapted to map each derived type of data generation component to an associated context model specified in the industrial semantic model, ISM, stored in a repository, and an instantiating unit adapted to instantiate the stored industrial semantic model, ISM, with predefined industrial instance models, IIMs, of data generation components on the basis of the mapped context models to generate the instantiated industrial semantic model, iISM, of the industrial infrastructure.

Abstract: A cold-rolling method for preventing fracture of high-silicon strip steel, characterized in that the high-silicon strip steel has a Si content ?2.3 wt %, and at the beginning of cold-rolling, the temperature of inlet strip steel is above 45° C.; during the cold-rolling process, an emulsion liquid is sputtered to the strip steel, a flow rate of the emulsion liquid is 3500 L/min at the inlet in rolling direction, a flow rate of the emulsion liquid is 1500-4000 L/min at an outlet in the rolling direction, and the temperature of the strip steel is maintained above 45° C. under the precondition to guarantee technological lubrication. The cold-rolling method of the invention might prevent fracture of a head portion and a tail portion of the strip steel, raise the rate of finished products, and increase production efficiency.

Abstract: A green ball grinding method includes the step of supplying a green ball between a first surface of a first member and a second surface of a second member constituting a grinding apparatus, and the step of grinding the green ball between the first surface and the second surface while the green ball rotates around its own axis and in orbital motion. In the step of grinding the green ball, the step of causing the green ball grinding to proceed while applying load between the green ball and each of the first surface and the second surface, and the step of modifying the rotation axis of the green ball by reducing the load lower than in the step of causing the green ball grinding to proceed are executed alternately.

Abstract: A method for producing a winding device for interconnected slats of a roller shutter, in which a sheet of metal having a pre-determinable length, width and thickness will be provided, seen over the length of the sheet of metal, with an eyelet formed out of the sheet of metal, and the sheet of metal, seen over the length of the sheet of metal, will be bent into the circumferential direction such that a contour is formed that differs from the cylindrical shape and the longitudinal edge of the sheet of metal, which is located opposite the eyelet, will take its bearing in the area of the eyelet, wherein, seen over the length of the sheet of metal, the marginal region of the longitudinal edge will be connected to the eyelet by welding.

Abstract: The present invention in one or more embodiments provides a roller tool for roughening a friction ring of a brake disk, the roller tool including a roller body including inner and outer ends and a casing surface positioned there-between, the inner end differing in cross-section dimension than the outer end, the casing surface including thereupon one or more protrusions for contacting the friction ring. The roller tool may further include a support frame supporting the roller body. The support frame may include a short leg connected to the outer end of the roller body and a long leg connected to the inner end of the roller body.

Abstract: A high-strength thick-walled electric resistance welded steel pipe has excellent low-temperature toughness and excellent HIC resistance and a yield strength of 400 MPa or more. The steel has a chemical composition consisting of C: 0.025% to 0.084%, Si: 0.10% to 0.30%, Mn: 0.70% to 1.80%, controlled amounts of P, S, Al, N, and O, Nb: 0.001% to 0.065%, V: 0.001% to 0.065%, Ti: 0.001% to 0.033%, and Ca: 0.0001% to 0.0035% on a mass percent basis and the remainder being Fe and incidental impurities, and satisfies Pcm of 0.20 or less.

Abstract: Controlling a flatness of a first surface of a sheet material can include: (a) determining a first surface contour of the first surface of the sheet; (b) applying compressive stresses to one or more portions of the first surface of the sheet after the determination of the first surface contour of the sheet; (c) annealing compressive stresses in one or more portions of the first surface of the sheet after the determination of the first surface contour of the sheet; (d) determining a second surface contour of the first surface of the sheet after the compressive stresses have been applied to, and annealed from, the sheet; (e) comparing the second surface contour to a threshold flatness; and (f) performing (b)-(e) one or more times until the determined second surface contour is less than the threshold flatness.

Abstract: A method for producing a fracture-divided component, in particular a connecting rod, with an at least partially coated bore includes the steps of: providing an unfinished component; applying a coating of a bearing material to a bore surface; and working the coating, in order to compensate internal tensile stresses in the coating, before fracture division of the component. Alternatively, the method for producing a fracture-divided component, in particular a connecting rod, having an at least partially coated bore includes the steps of: providing an unfinished component; applying a coating of a bearing material to a bore surface before fracture division of the component; and forming a counter-hardness zone before the application of the coating in order to generate compressive stresses which oppose the internal tensile stresses of the coating.

Abstract: A method for determining the rolling or guiding gap of the roll stands or guide stands in a multi-stand rolling mill positions a comparison scale at at least one stand, preferably at the first and the last stand, and subsequently the rolling or guiding gap of the respective stand is determined. In this method, a camera is arranged at one of the input or output sides and a transmitter for a reference device, a reference transducer and/or a reference scale is arranged at the other of the input or output sides before the comparison scale is positioned, such that adjustment operations at the camera can subsequently be avoided.

Abstract: Seamless pipes are produced by using billets for which the length L of a parent billet, the lengths l of child billets and the number nB of the obtainable child billets are determined on the basis of predetermined tolerances and the conditions of a billet-heating furnace and billet-rolling facilities. In this way, energy saving in the production of seamless pipes can be realized and the productivity in the production of seamless pipes can also be improved.

Abstract: A contoured roller set and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. A male roller having a convex surface and a pair of female rollers each having a concave surface can receive a generally thin sheet of material and impart a doubly-curved shape to the sheet. The convex and concave surfaces of the male and female rollers can have a radius of curvature chosen to match a radius of curvature of the sheet of material. The rollers are positioned and shaped to urge the sheet between the female rollers to cause the sheet to curve toward the male roller.

Abstract: A hot stamped article has a component composition containing, in terms of % by mass, 0.002% to 0.1% of C, 0.01% to 0.5% of Si, 0.5% to 2.5% of Mn+Cr, 0.1% or less of P, 0.01% or less of S, 0.05% or less of t-Al, 0.005% or less of N, and 0.0005% to 0.004% of B which is optionally contained in a case where the Mn+Cr is 1.0% or more, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The hot stamped article has a microstructure composed of, in terms of an area ratio, 0% or more and less than 90% of martensite, 10% to 100% of bainite, and less than 0.5% of unavoidable inclusion structures, or a microstructure composed of, in terms of an area ratio, 99.5% to 100% of bainitic ferrite, and less than 0.5% of unavoidable inclusion structures.

Abstract: A steel foil for a solar cell substrate includes 7% to 40% by mass of Cr and has a tensile strength of 930 MPa or more in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.

Abstract: A back plate for use with a backlight module, a backlight module using the same, and the manufacturing method thereof are provided. The back plate includes a plate body and a side wall. The side wall extends out from the edge of the plate body and includes a wall body and a bending part, wherein the thickness of the wall body is less or equal to 0.12 mm. The bending part is formed by bending a plurality of bending sheets outward from the top of the wall body, wherein the thickness of each bending sheet is less or equal to 0.12 mm. The backlight module includes the back plate and a light source module, wherein the light source module is disposed on the plate body and adjacent to the inner side of the side wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a sheet metal component. A hot or cold strip is electrolytically coated or coated in a smelting bath and the thus coated hot or cold strip is subjected to a flexible rolling process. During said process, sheet metal having various thicknesses of the flexibly rolled steel strips are produced due to various rolling pressures. Said invention is characterized in that in accordance with the thickness of the sheet metal after being rolled in a flexible manner or in accordance with the rolling pressure during flexible rolling, either the coating whilst being coated has various thicknesses, and in accordance with the rolling pressure with increasing rolling pressure that is expected, the thickness of the coating is thicker and/or the coating prior to or after the flexible rolling is subjected to a mechanical or chemical surface treatment for adjusting the desired emissivity or heat absorption capacity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a component of an adjustment device for vehicle seats, wherein, in a first step, a work piece is machined such that the work piece is harder in a first region than in a second region, and/or in that the work piece is of a larger geometrical size in a third region than in a fourth region, wherein, in a second step, the work piece is deformed in such a way that a tool is moved onto the work piece at a speed greater than 1 m/s.

Abstract: In a multi-staged cold-rolling line, a strip is rolled. An actual rolling force of a last rolling stage of the cold-rolling line is detected and fed to a force control unit which determines a control parameter using the actual rolling force and a target rolling force and outputs a control parameter. An actual thickness is detected directly downstream of the last rolling stage and is sent to a thickness control unit which acts on the last rolling stage. Another actual strip thickness is detected directly upstream of the last rolling stage. Enter and exit speeds of the last rolling stage are detected and with a pre-determined final strip thickness following the last rolling stage fed to a setpoint determination unit which determines a target thickness which is used as a setpoint for another thickness control unitacting on the next to last rolling stage and receiving the other actual thickness value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing magnesium alloy processing materials capable of improving low cycle fatigue life. The manufacturing method for magnesium alloy processing materials with improved low cycle fatigue life comprises pre-straining a magnesium alloy processing material which is processed.

Abstract: Concrete reinforcing members having rolled cross sections, and methods for manufacturing and using such reinforcing members in concrete construction are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a concrete reinforcing member is formed from a piece of metal having a first elongate edge portion spaced apart from a second elongate edge portion. The piece of metal further includes an inner surface portion extending between the first and second edge portions, and an outer surface portion extending between the first and second edge portions. In this embodiment, the piece of metal is rolled about a longitudinal axis in an overlapping fashion into coiled or spiral cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for feeding long workpieces into a processing machine, such as a bend-straightening machine, and discharging them therefrom, in which the long workpiece which is located in the processing positions defines a processing section and the long workpiece is supported at its two end regions by, in each case, one grasping device. A horizontal conveying means for the long workpiece adjoins at least one head end of the processing section as a straight prolongation of the processing section. At least one of the grasping devices has a gripping head for gripping in a frictionally locking fashion one end of the workpiece which is conveyed here by the horizontal conveying means, and drive means for pulling the workpiece to be straightened into the processing section and for pushing the straightened workpiece out onto the at least one horizontal conveying means by means of the gripping head.

Abstract: A hot-rolled steel sheet has an average value of the X-ray random intensity ratio of a {100} <011> to {223} <110> orientation group at least in a sheet thickness central portion that is in a sheet thickness range of ? to ? from a steel sheet surface of 1.0 to 6.0, an X-ray random intensity ratio of a {332} <113> crystal orientation of 1.0 to 5.0, rC which is an r value in a direction perpendicular to a rolling direction of 0.70 to 1.10, and r30 which is an r value in a direction that forms an angle of 30° with respect to the rolling direction of 0.70 to 1.10.

Abstract: The monitoring apparatus of production conditions in a piercing-rolling mill for piercing and rolling a billet B to produce a pipe S comprises an ultrasonic thickness meter which is installed on an exit side of the piercing-rolling mill and measures a thickness of the pipe S produced by the piercing-rolling mill, a thermometer which is installed on the exit side of the piercing-rolling mill and measures a surface temperature of the pipe S produced by the piercing-rolling mill, and a computing and displaying device which is connected to the ultrasonic thickness meter and the thermometer and displays a thickness distribution in a circumferential direction of the pipe S based on the thickness of the pipe S measured by the ultrasonic thickness meter, and a surface temperature distribution in a circumferential direction of the pipe S based on the surface temperature of the pipe S measured by the thermometer.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing inserts for steam generator tubes is provided. The apparatus is intended to allow a technically particularly simple production process, and consequently allow particularly high-speed production of inserts. For this purpose, the apparatus includes a winding head with a wire guiding pin, a guiding opening for a former shaft, provided with a number of spiral slots, and a pressure roller, the wire guiding pin, the guiding opening and the pressure roller being arranged in such a way that a tangent of the pressure roller and of a slot of the former shaft and the guiding axis of wire guiding pin substantially coincide.

Abstract: There is provided a production method of an internally ribbed steel tube, capable of forming spiral ribs stably so as to reduce troubles at the time of cold drawing for forming the spiral ribs of the steel tube. In this production method, the spiral ribs can be formed stably so as to reduce troubles at the time of cold drawing for forming the spiral ribs by straightening bends of a blank tube before the cold drawing for forming the spiral ribs, by optimizing the direction of the spiral rib formation after the bend straightening, and by correcting the drawing schedule depending on the blank tube. The obtained internally ribbed steel tube is well applicable to an increased capacity and a higher temperature/higher pressure operation of a boiler because the steel tube is provided with high formability and excellent quality as a boiler steel tube.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming aluminum ingot having shaped ends to avoid alligatoring during rolling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for suppressing the influence of roll eccentricities on the run-out thickness of a rolled stock, which runs through a rolling stand, roll eccentricities being identified by using a process model and taken into consideration in the determination of a correction signal for at least one final control element, preferably a final control element for the adjustment position, of the rolling stand, wherein the measured tensile force upstream of the rolling stand is fed to the process model to identify the roll eccentricities. According to the invention, variations in tensile force are fed back in a targeted manner to reduce the effects of periodic roll eccentricities on the rolled stock, whereas all other sources of variation are eliminated. A process model of the rolling nip and the rolls, preferably based on the observer principle, produces reliable data on the roll eccentricity.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming aluminum ingot having shaped ends to avoid alligatoring during rolling.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling cold rolling of a sheet metal strip involving continuously passing the strip in at least two successive rolling stands, each stand including at least two driven rolls between which the strip moves and is plated. The method includes estimating the slippage variation in output of one rolling stand; and correcting the rotation speed of the rolls of at least one corrected rolling stand based on the estimated slippage variation.

Abstract: Provided are a steel pipe for a linepipe having a heavy wall thickness and excellent fracture toughness in a base material, and methods of producing the same. A welded heat affected zone is achieved by suppressing lowering of yield stress caused by a Bauschinger effect by optimizing the metal microstructure of a steel plate. A steel pipe has a composition which contains by mass % 0.03 to 0.08% C, 0.10% or less Si, 1.00 to 2.00% Mn, 0.010% or less P, 0.0030% or less S, 0.06% or less Al, 0.005 to 0.020% Nb, 0.005 to 0.025% Ti, 0.0010 to 0.0060% N, and Fe and unavoidable impurities as a balance. Ti(%)/N(%) is a value which falls within a range of 2 to 4, and a Ceq value is 0.30 or more.

Abstract: A method for producing a pot-shaped housing part, especially for a hub part of a hybrid drive. The housing part has a bottom and a wall extending away from the bottom. An outer face of the wall extends approximately up to an outer face of the bottom, with the outer face of the bottom facing away from a free edge of the wall. The method includes the steps of clamping the radially inner zone of a blank in a workpiece holder, so that a radially outer zone of the blank directly adjoining the radially inner zone is free, and folding the radially outer zone of the blank towards and against a contact surface of the workpiece holder by means of a forming process until the outer face of the radially outer zone extends at least up to and preferably beyond the outer face of the radially inner zone.

Abstract: Temper rolling at a total elongation percentage of 0.1% or more is performed on a steel strip using a temper rolling mill in which at least one roll stand having high roughness work rolls, the center-line averaged roughness Ra of which being in the range of 3.0 to 10.0 ?m, is provided, or at least one roll stand having bright rolls is further provided downstream of the above roll stand, and as a result, a predetermined elongation percentage, flatness, and center-line averaged roughness can be imparted even to a steel strip having a yield strength of 340 MPa or more at a rolling load approximately equivalent to that for a mild steel without using a large facility and complicated control. In particular, a high tensile-strength cold rolled steel sheet having an Ra of 0.5 to 3.0 ?m and superior die galling resistance is obtained.

Abstract: A method for producing a high alloy pipe having a minimum yield strength of 758.3 to 965.2 MPa, comprising: preparing a high alloy pipe having controlled amounts of C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, and N, the balance being Fe and impurities by a hot working or further by a solid-solution heat treatment; and then subsequently subjecting the high alloy pipe to a cold rolling. The cold rolling is performed such that the working ratio Rd, in terms of the reduction of area, in the final cold rolling step falls within a range of larger than 30% and equal to or less than 80%, and the following formula is satisfied: Rd(%)>(MYS?520)/3.1?(Cr+6×Mo+300×N) wherein Rd and MYS signify the working ratio (%) in terms of the reduction of area and the targeted yield strength (MPa), respectively, and Cr, Mo and N signify the mass % of the individual elements.

Abstract: A gauge control apparatus reduces deviation of an actual plate thickness from a target plate thickness on the delivery side of a rolling mill, in all speed ranges, and produces good products by controlling plate thickness considering changes in the oil film thickness of oil film bearings of backup rolls and the deformation resistance of a rolled material with respect to rolling speeds. The gauge control apparatus computes an oil film thickness compensation value to compensate for increase and decrease of the gap resulting from a change in thickness of the oil film bearing attributable to rolling speeds, an acceleration compensation value to compensate for increase and decrease of plate thickness on the delivery side of the rolling mill resulting from a change in deformation resistance of the rolled material attributable to rolling speeds, and deviation of the predicted plate thickness from the target plate thickness, in consideration of the computed compensation values.

Abstract: A gas shielded flux-cored wire (FCW) comprises s steel sheath and core flux, in which recycled welding slag powder is used to partially replace the natural rutile. The core flux contains (by weight): 10-50% recycling welding slag powder, 10-45% TiO2, 2-7% Si, 5-20% Mn, 0.5-5% Al—Mg (Al/Mg=1), 0-11.52% Na2CO3, 0-8.85% K2CO3, 0-10% MgO, 0.5-10% fluoride, and iron powder as balance. The recycling welding contains (by weight): TiO2: 20-65%, MnO: 5%-15%, MgO: 5%-15%, SiO2: 5%-15%, Fe2O3: 1%-10%, Al2O3: 1%-10%.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for rolling metal sheet or plate are provided. The method comprises the step of feeding the metal plate or sheet into a rolling mill at an angle. The apparatus comprises a rolling mill having a tilted feed table, or an apron upon which a transfer table and tilted feed table can rest. Through-thickness gradient and shear texture can be improved using the methods and apparatus of the invention.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing a solid housing, in particular a valve housing for an electromagnetically operable valve, is characterized in that the following method steps are used: a) providing a sheet metal strip made of a magnetic or magnetizable material, b) introducing an additive into a middle area of the sheet metal strip and fusing there for forming a non-magnetizable structure, c) cutting the sheet metal strip into a sheet metal piece of desired width, d) deforming the sheet metal piece into a sleeve shape, e) mutual fastening of the cut edges now facing each other and running in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve for forming a sleeve blank, f) final machining of the sleeve blank until a desired geometry of the housing is achieved. The housing is suitable in particular for use in fuel injectors in fuel injector systems of mixture-compressing spark-ignition internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A power transmission belt low in cost and preventing work precision from being lowered and life expectancy of a metal press working mold from being decreased and a method of producing such a power transmission belt are provided. The power transmission belt includes endless band-like rings, and a plurality of elements bonded into an annular shape by the endless band-like rings. Each of the elements has both side end surface portions pressed between pulleys in the belt width direction, a rocking edge portion serving as a fulcrum when rocked in the state that the elements are partly wound around the pulleys, and a concave-convex portion engageable in concave-convex engagement with the concave-convex portions of a pair of neighboring elements. Each of the elements is formed with a curved inclination surface between the rocking edge portion and the concave-convex portion to have an inclination angle reduced toward the concave-convex portion.

Abstract: A heat sink for an electronic device includes a Cr—Cu alloy layer including a Cu matrix and more than 30 mass % and not more than 80 mass % of Cr; and Cu layers provided on top and rear surfaces of the Cr—Cu alloy layer.

Abstract: A flexible toy car racing track comprises two paths to receive and guide toy cars along a length of the track. A raised portion forms a boundary between the two paths. A recessed portion is formed on a bottom of the track and coincides with the raised portion. The raised portion engages the recessed portion when the flexible track is rolled up in a compact storage configuration. The engagement between the raised portion and the recessed portion restricts relative lateral movement between the raised portion and the recessed portion to maintain the track in the rolled up storage configuration.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a pearlitic rail by rough hot rolling and finish hot rolling a billet. In the finish hot rolling, the billet is rolled at a rail head surface temperature in a range of not higher than 900° C. to not lower than the Ar3 transformation point or Arcm transformation point to produce a head cumulative reduction of area of not less than 20%, where the reaction force ratio of the finish rolling is not less than 1.25. The finish hot rolled rail head surface is subjected to accelerated cooling or spontaneous cooling to a temperature of 550° C. or less at a cooling rate of 2 to 30° C./seconds, thereby refining the rail head structure to attain a hardness within a predetermined range, and improving rail wear resistance and ductility.

Abstract: The present invention provides a learning method of rolling load prediction which uses a prediction error of a rolling load at an actual pass of a stock in hot rolling to correct a predicted value of rolling load at a subsequent rolling pass. The method comprises changing a gain for multiplying with the prediction error of the rolling load at the actual pass in accordance with a thickness of the stock to thereby set the learning coefficient of the rolling load prediction and improve the precision of the prediction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing magnesium alloy processing materials capable of improving low cycle fatigue life. The manufacturing method for magnesium alloy processing materials with improved low cycle fatigue life comprises pre-straining a magnesium alloy processing material which is processed.

Abstract: A method for producing metallic elements, and more particularly sealing elements, wherein a sheet metal strip or a foil strip having a predefinable length, width, and thickness is generated and the sheet metal strip or foil strip is formed to obtain a tube, the mutually opposing end regions or parts, or the entire contact surface of the sheet metal strip or foil strip, are connected to each other non-positively or positively or by bonding, or combinations thereof, and the entire length of the tube, or portions thereof, is subjected to a mechanical shape-forming process so that predefinable contours are introduced into the outer or inner circumferential surface of the tube in defined locations by a means, and the tube is divided into an appropriate number of individual elements, and in particular sealing elements, especially sealing rings for turbochargers.

Abstract: This relates to a method of the manufacture of a thick gauge aluminum alloy plate having reduced level of residual stress. The method includes (a) providing a solution heat-treated and quenched aluminum alloy plate having a thickness of at least 80 mm, (b) stress-relieving the plate by cold rolling the plate to achieve a reduction in the thickness direction of the plate product in a range of at most 8%.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing ultralow-resistance current sensors of size 0402 to 4518 of IEEE specifications includes the steps of: a raw metallic strip being pressed to roll over a first tension roller, a cutting tool over the first tension roller being fed to cut the raw metallic strip so as to form a deep groove thereof along the moving metallic strip, an insulating material being filled into and along the deep groove so as to form an lengthwise insulating portion of the metallic strip, and the metallic strip with the insulating portion being segmented into a plurality of ultralow-resistance current sensors.

Abstract: A method and a device are disclosed for changing the color of a metal surface in a given part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is achieved by creating a surface relief as an array of raised or indented repeated elements without breaking the continuity of the metal surface. The characteristic size of the elements is smaller than the shortest wavelength in that part of spectrum. In particular, the method uses excitation of surface plasmons on the metal surface. The relief may be optionally covered by a layer of dielectric or semiconductor for further fixed or externally controlled change of the metal surface color. The device may be used to detect the intensity or color or phase of incident light. It may be used to detect another substance in proximity of the surface by changing the color or phase or intensity of reflected light.

Abstract: A method for increasing slab rolling yields and rolling mill efficiency by minimizing shearing and crop losses in the rolling of assembled slabs. An assembled structure for aluminium rolled products includes a core slab with a reduced cross-section in the thickness direction of the slab in at least one of the slab edges running parallel to the rolling direction. At least one second slab is assembled to the core slab. The edges of the slab may have a cut-out and/or a tapered shape. A method of reducing shearing and crop losses at the rolling of assembled slabs, by using a core slab with a reduced cross-section in the thickness direction of the slab in at least one of the slab edges running parallel to the rolling direction.

Abstract: There is provided a foreign pipe or tube determining method capable of accurately determining a foreign pipe or tube. The foreign pipe or tube determining method in accordance with the present invention includes a step for determining the presence of a foreign pipe or tube by comparing the length of each pipe or tube in a size measuring step with the length of each pipe or tube measured in an actual weighing and length measuring step, which is associated with each pipe or tube in the size measuring step, a step for determining the presence of a foreign pipe or tube by comparing the weight of each pipe or tube calculated in a weight calculating step with the weight of each pipe or tube measured in the actual weighing and length measuring step, which is associated with each pipe or tube in a weight calculating step, and a step for determining the presence of a foreign pipe or tube based on the material of each pipe or tube determined in a material determining step.