Abstract: A method of joining a first component to a second component at respective connection surfaces, comprising, in order, applying a local surface treatment to the connection surface of at least one of the first and second components in order to locally alter the microstructure to a depth of between 60 ?m and 10 mm below the connection surface; and joining the first component to the second component using a welding process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for post-processing a crankshaft (4), in particular in order to correct concentricity errors and/or for a length correction. Sectors (S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,S6) of the crankshaft (4) which produce and/or characterize concentricity errors are detected and/or a length deviation (?L1 ?L2, ?L3) from a target length (L1,L2, L3) is determined for at least one section of the crankshaft (4). An impact force (Fs) is then introduced into at least one defined transition radius (8) between connecting rod bearing journals (5) and crank webs (7) and/or between main bearing journals (6) and the crank webs (7) of the crankshaft (4) by means of at least one impact tool (16) in order to correct the concentricity errors and/or the length deviation (?L1 ?L2, ?L3).

Abstract: A radial forge is provided with variable radial displacement. The forge includes upper and lower frames having upper and lower double acting hydraulically driven rams. The forge also includes a horizontal master gear mounted on a circular thrust bearing to provide rotational freedom. One or more radial hydraulically drive rams are mounted to the master gear. Accordingly, the master gear serves as a gantry for positioning the radial rams. A billet may be centrally located between the inwardly directed radial rams and may be supported by the lower ram. The upper ram is aligned with the lower ram so that actuating the upper ram and/or lower ram compresses the billet between them and forces the billet to flow into and fill radial dies removably affixed to the radial rams.

Abstract: An apparatus for forging a hollow body from a pre-perforated hollow block includes forging tools that can be driven radially in relation to a forging axis, a clamping head which is displaceable on a guide bed in the direction of the forging axis and includes collet chucks for the hollow block, and a mandrel carriage which is arranged on the side of the clamping head facing away from forging tools, which is displaceable independently of the clamping head along the guide bed, and whose mandrel bar provided with the forging mandrel penetrates the clamping head coaxially to the forging axis. In order to provide advantageous constructional conditions the mandrel carriage includes an axial actuating drive for the mandrel bar and can be coupled in a tension-proof manner to the clamping head.

Abstract: A measurement device is provided. The measurement device comprises a ring-shaped base and multiple sensing elements. The sensing elements are symmetrically disposed on the ring-shaped base. Each sensing element comprises a circumferential groove, an axial groove and a coil. The axial groove is connected to the circumferential groove. The coil is surrounded within the circumferential groove and extended along the axial groove.

Abstract: A measurement device is provided. The measurement device comprises a ring-shaped base and multiple sensing units and a plurality of coils. The sensing units are disposed on and protruded from the inner circumferential surface of the ring-shaped base. Each sensing unit comprises a circumferential groove and an axial groove. The axial groove is connected to the circumferential groove. Each coil is surrounded within the circumferential groove and extended along the axial groove.

Abstract: Provided is a swaging apparatus for smoothly swaging a can of a rechargeable battery by absorbing excessive load above a predetermined level between a rod of a driving part and a collet of a driven part. A swaging apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment includes a collet housing for swaging a can including an electrode assembly, a collet for swaging an opening of the can inserted in the collet housing, a shock-absorbing part disposed in the collet housing and connected to the collet, and a rod connected to the shock-absorbing part to transmit a swaging load to the collet through the shock-absorbing part.

Abstract: A method of forming a stent includes the steps of forming a composite member into a stent pattern, forming openings through an outer member of the composite member, processing the composite member to remove a portion of the composite member without adversely affecting the outer member, and swaging the outer member to create a plurality of lumens. The composite member may be formed of an outer member with an hourglass-shaped inner member, wherein the processing step removes the inner member and the swaging step forms two lumens from the hourglass shaped cavity. The composite member may be formed of an outer member, an inner member, and an intermediate member, wherein the processing step removes the intermediate member and the swaging step presses portions of the outer member into contact with the inner member to form two lumens separated by the inner member.

Abstract: The inventive method involves deforming the extremities of a plate, which has a rectangular edge and is disposed between the working surface of strikers, by ultrasonic forging with the aid of the strikers, simultaneously moving the plate in a transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal axes of the strikers and turning the strikers. Each striker is provided with a groove with a curvilinear generatrix which is made on the surface thereof with a variable radius R. The width of the plate is reduced by a value ?=R(1??/4), wherein R is the variable radius value at a point where the ultrasonic forging of the plate is carried out. The circumferential speed Vcirc.S of the striker rotation is chosen, during the plate displacement, as to correspond to the above-mentioned relationship. In the device, the circumferential speed of the striker rotation is synchronized with the plate displacement velocity. The groove of the striker is designed with the variable radius R.

Abstract: A method of producing a seamless, tubular product includes centrifugally casting a corrosion resistant alloy into a tubular workpiece having an inner diameter and an outer diameter. The method then removes material from the inner diameter of the workpiece and subjects the workpiece to at least about a 25% wall reduction at a temperature below a recrystallization temperature of the workpiece using a metal forming process. The metal forming process includes radial forging, rolling, pilgering, and/or flowforming.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool unit of a rotary swaging machine for shaping preferably rod-like or pipe-like workpieces. The tool unit has a plurality of shaping tools (22) which are arranged about an operating axis (18) and which can be driven radially relative to the operating axis (18) with a stroke movement by means of a tool drive. There are associated with the shaping tools adjustment means (38), by which stroke positions of the shaping tools (22) are adjustable in such a manner that the shaping tools (22) abut each other with a closing pressure which is dependent on the stroke positions adjusted when the shaping tools (22) are in a closed state. According to the invention, the tool unit has a measuring device for measuring a parameter, by means of which the closure pressure produced at the adjusted stroke positions of the shaping tools (22) can be verified.

Abstract: A tool unit of a rotary swaging machine (1) has a tool space (9) in which there are provided a plurality of shaping swaging tools for processing a workpiece (5) which can be introduced into the tool space (9), and a front cover (13) by means of which the tool space (9) can be at least partially covered at a tool space side (14). The front cover (13), in order to change shaping swaging tools, can be moved into at least one position in which the front cover (13) releases the tool space (9) for removal or insertion of shaping swaging tools at the tool space side (14). Ease of handling when tools are changed is achieved by there being provided a front cover locking mechanism (20) which is provided with an actuation device (26) and by means of which the front cover (13) can be locked in a position in which the front cover (13) at least partially covers the tool space (9) at the tool space side (14).

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for crimping a contact on a cable end portion, comprising an axial bore (2) and: first means for crimping (3) the contact on one stripped part of the cable and second means for crimping (4) the contact on one sheathed part of the cable, said means being mobile between a spaced apart position and a crimping position; first and second means for moving (6, 17) said first and second crimping means (3,4) between their spaced apart position and their crimping position; the first displacement means (6) being actuatable in translation along an axial direction and the second displacement means (17) being actuatable in rotation about the axis of the bore (2).

Abstract: The method of the invention includes forming a plate and deforming, by ultrasonic forging, a plate side located between the conical surfaces (34, 35) of strikers (2, 3) for the purpose of forming a wedge-shaped edge on the plate (1). The strikers are rotated around their longitudinal axes (L1, L2). The device of the invention is provided with a drive for rotating the strikers (2, 3). On the working surface of the striker (2, 3) a recess is made, the generatrix of which corresponds to the form of the wedge-shaped edge surface. The invention enables to shorten the time of treatment and improve the quality of the cutting edge surface.

Abstract: A high performance main bearing cap has particular surfaces densified for improved fatigue crack resistance. The surfaces densified are the bolted face inside of a perimetral margin and outside of bolt head interface areas around the main bolt holes, the surfaces of the main bolt holes and the side bolt hole threads. Preferred methods of densification are single needle programmable pattern peening of the bolted face peened area, over-burnishing of the bolt holes, and forming the threads rather than cutting them for the side bolt threads.

Abstract: A wind turbine installation comprises anchor bolts having a sheath or sleeve which extends above the cement foundation and the overlying grout layer. If desired, the sleeve may partially extend inside the base flange of the wind turbine tower. The sleeve may be manufactured from polypropylene, polyethylene or other materials having satisfactory mechanical properties, primarily that the material be capable of withstanding sufficient plastic deformation to cause the material to conform to the shape of the threads of the anchor bolts without the material failing. This swaging operation results in a crimped end which forms an interference fit with the threads of the anchor bolt thereby preventing or limiting the intrusion of water or other liquids into the bolt-sleeve annulus during the installation of the turbine foundation.

Abstract: An outer case of a refrigerator to conceal surface corrugation thereof and a refrigerator having the same and a manufacturing method thereof. The outer case is printed on a surface thereof with patterns, and surface indented portions constitute a part of the patterns. The iron outer case undergoes surface deformation due to a foamed material charged inside thereof. The surface indented portions formed at several positions of the surface of the outer case serve not only to prevent a user from recognizing the surface deformation, but also to conceal the surface deformation. The surface indented portions also provide the surface of the outer case with an aesthetically pleasing exterior appearance thus achieving decoration effects.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments comprise an computer readable storage device having instructions stored therein that are indicative of reducing slow roll electrical runout value of a shaft of an electric motor, the shaft having a runout sensing area; the instructions including determining an electrical runout value for the runout sensing area; rotating the shaft; determining the temperature range and time interval for heating the runout sensing area of the shaft sufficient to reduce the electrical runout value; and heating the shaft sensing area during shaft rotation at the calculated temperature range for the calculated time interval.

Abstract: A swager machine and die includes a base with a product holder assembly mounted thereon for linear reciprocating movement between a start and a finished position along an axis of movement. A disc is rotatably mounted on the base and has a swaging die mounted thereon. The swaging die defines a die cavity having an open and a closed position. The die cavity has a longitudinal axis coaxial with an axis of rotation of the disc and coaxial with the axis of movement of the product holder assembly. A hub assembly is rotatably mounted on the disc for relative rotation between the hub assembly and the disc. The hub assembly includes actuating apparatus positioned to engage a portion of the swaging die and move the swaging die from the open to the closed position during relative rotation of the hub assembly and the disc.

Abstract: A method and device are disclosed for producing tubes that are at least partially profiled on their interior and preferably on their exterior from a hollow cylindrical blank (3), using a mechanical cold forming method, wherein the end of the blank (3) that is not to be machined (3?) is fed to a clamping device (10). The blank (3) is then secured in the clamping device (10) and a mandrel (2) is subsequently inserted into the end of region (3) of the blank (3) that is to be machined. A lance (8) is guided in the mandrel so that it can be coaxially displaced in a longitudinal direction and the free end of the lance (8?) can be introduced into the clamping device (10). The tip (8?) of the lance (8) is then brought into a positive fit with the clamping device (10) in the axial direction of the blank (3) and the mandrel (2), together with the clamping device (10) and the blank (3) is guided axially through a fixed machining point (6).

Abstract: A method for increasing the fatigue life of a blade root of a turbomachine blade, wherein the blade root has at least one slot for back-gripping fixing of the blade root in a shaft component or a casing component of a turbomachine. The method comprises impressing a mechanical stress field in the notch root in a section of the slot, wherein the impressed mechanical stress field brings about a plastic deformation of the notch root. The impressed mechanical stress field is then progressively moved in the slot longitudinal direction of the slot. After this, the impressed mechanical stress field is removed again, wherein residual compression stresses remain in the notch root of the slot in the region of the slot in which the mechanical stress field was impressed.

Abstract: A method of peening a surface which comprises the steps of providing a rotary peening tool having at least one rotating flap mounted on the drive shaft which is rotatably driven, measuring the speed of the drive shaft, and controlling the speed of the drive shaft to maintain a desired level. A peening apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments comprise a method comprising a plurality of activities comprising, for a shaft of an electric motor, the shaft comprising a runout sensing area: determining an electrical runout value for the runout sensing area; rotating the shaft; and/or heating the runout sensing area of the shaft sufficient to reduce the electrical runout value.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a splined member avoids the generation of waste material and minimizes the amount of dimensional inaccuracies. A hollow cylindrical workpiece is initially provided from a material having a relatively high elongation characteristic. The material used to form the workpiece may be AA-5154 grade aluminum alloy having an elongation characteristic that is in the range of from about 20% to about 30%, preferably in the range of from about 22% to about 28%, and most preferably about 25%. A mandrel having a plurality of external splines is inserted within workpiece, and the workpiece is deformed into engagement with the mandrel to form a splined member using a swaging process, such a rotary swaging or feed swaging. The splined member is thus formed having a plurality of internal splines and a cylindrical outer surface. The use of the swaging process avoids the generation of waste material.

Abstract: A swager for swaging articles, such as marker bands to a medical catheter, comprising an article input mechanism; a radial compression swaging head with a central swaging aperture, the swaging head being aligned and communicatively coupled with the input mechanism to receive an input article from the article input mechanism and to swage the article. The swaging head includes a plurality of swage elements; a rotatable slider plate; a plurality of track rollers; and a closer plate. An input mechanism is aligned and communicatively coupled with the swaging head to assist in delivering an article to the swaging head.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a cylindrical hollow body from a blank, with the workpiece being opened in the core region by successive swaging which is angularly offset against each other about the axis of the workpiece and being simultaneously pushed onto a piercing mandrel. In order to improve the piercing it is proposed that the workpiece is pressed during the swaging with a predeterminable axial force against the piercing mandrel which can be advanced against the workpiece against this axial force, which piercing mandrel is moved back to its initial position synchronous with the axial feed of the workpiece between the successive swaging steps.

Abstract: Projections 4-formed on a circumferential surface of a roller portion of the sheet feed roller comprise straight grain projections whose projecting direction faces to the rotation direction of the roller portion, and reverse grain projections that are formed in a direction opposite to the surfaces of the straight grain projections. The straight grain projections are formed so as to be adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the roller portion, that is, in the direction of arrow B and are also formed in two or more rows in the circumferential direction of the roller portion, that is, in the direction of arrow A. The reverse grain projections are formed so as to be adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the straight grain projections and are also formed in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a stranded cable particularly for mechanical motion transmission, which cable is composed of multiple strands or wires, helically wound around a common longitudinal axis, including the steps of: a—winding the strands that form the cable in a helical arrangement around a common longitudinal axis, b—flattening and smoothing the exterior profile of the each strand of the cable. Cable produced by that method.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments comprise a system comprising: a heating element; and a control system adapted to control a heating of a shaft to a temperature within a predetermined temperature range for a predetermined time interval, the heating sufficient to reduce an electrical runout value of the shaft, the heating occurring while the shaft is rotating.

Abstract: Method for the production of a spindle nut (3) of a spherical thread drive mechanism, whereby the spindle nut (3) has at least one screw-shaped track (4) formed as a single piece on its inner circumference, whose threads (38) are limited by shoulders (6). The shoulder (6) is interrupted by a deflecting recess (23) at at least one deflecting position, in order to deflect balls (13) out of one thread into an adjacent thread (38). The method includes locating a tool arbor (56) in a hollow blank (57), whereby the tool arbor (56) has on its outer circumference a counter profile of the screw-shaped track (4) and a projecting part (59) for each deflecting recess.

Abstract: A method for reducing the cross-sectional diameter of a radioactive californium-containing cermet wire while simultaneously improving the wire diameter to a more nearly circular cross section. A collet fixture is used to reduce the wire diameter by controlled pressurization pulses while simultaneously improving the wire cross-sectional diameter. The method is especially suitable for use in hot cells for the production of optimized cermet brachytherapy sources that contain large amounts of radioactive californium-252.

Abstract: A die roll 3 comprises a core part 3a which is formed of an elastic material and faces a punch part 2a of a punch roll 2. The core part 3a presses a bottom portion 4b of a drawn portion 4a of a metal material 4 and is separate from a surrounding die part 3b and is provided with a space 3c at the whole outer periphery of the core part 3a. In accordance with the above configuration, swelling is suppressed at the bottom portion 4b of the drawn portion 4a and production of large wrinkles, which is a reason for folds, can be prevented by increase of pressing areas for preventing wrinkles at both sides of the drawn portion.

Abstract: A lithographic projection apparatus is provided wherein an object situated in a pulsed beam of radiation has an electrode in its vicinity and a voltage source connected either to the electrode or to the object. This configuration can provide a negative voltage pulse to the object relative to the electrode. The beam of radiation and the voltage pulse from the voltage source are provided in phase or out of phase. In this way, the object is shielded against secondary electrons generated by radiation beam illumination.

Abstract: A method of prestressing a component (30) includes the use of an electrical discharge or current to produce a plasma (39) within a medium (32) located adjacent the component (30). The plasma generates a shock wave which impacts a surface of the component to produce a region of compressive residual stress within the component.

Abstract: A computer-controlled machine having a driven rotary chuck writes symbols on the hard surface of a workpiece using an impact device to displace material at workpiece sites corresponding to spots in a virtual pattern and series of virtual patterns of symbols. The machine mounts a workpiece in a position to be impacted by the device, and equipment for moving the workpiece so that it may be impacted at different sites corresponding to virtual pattern spots defined by programming in the machine's computer. The impact device comprises a rotatable driven element which is mounted in the machine rotary chuck, a housing journaling the driven element and held against rotation, an impact element in the housing having a home position from which it is movable, and a mechanism in the housing for converting the rotary motion of the driven element into longitudinal movement of the impact element to displace material at a workpiece site.

Abstract: A swaging machine (1) for swaging rod-shaped or tubular workpieces is comprised of an annular forging box (3) mounted in a machine frame (2) so as to be rotated and driven about the axis of movement (A) of the workpiece, where in radial recesses (4) of said forging box forging punches (5) are accommodated, which are acting against each other and are vertically movable via a lifting drive (7) while the forging box rotates at the same time.

Abstract: A swaging machine (1) comprises hammering units (5) vertically movably guided in radial recesses (4) of a forging box (3) rotatably and drivably mounted about the axis of movement (A) and pressure members supported on a coaxial supporting ring (8) surrounding the forging box (3), where the forging box (3) and/or the supporting ring (8) can be driven so as to rotate relative to each other, and during the respective passage the pressure members act on the hammering units (5) whose head portions protrude into the path of rotation of the pressure members, in the sense of an inwardly directed pressure pulse.

Abstract: A forging machine (1) comprises at least two forging punches (3) acting against each other and longitudinally guided in a forging box (1), which forging punches each have separate mechanical lifting drives and preferably vertical position adjusting means. To achieve a rugged lifting drive with high machine rigidities and a simplified construction, the lifting drives are comprised of a wobble plate drive (5) including a wobble plate (6) rotatably and drivably, but immovably mounted in the forging box (1) about a wobble axis (T) offset in parallel to the respective forging punch axis (S), and a pressure plate (9) associated to the wobble plate (6) and supported in the manner of a ball-and-socket joint on the end face of the associated forging punch (3) facing the wobble plate, where preferably the forging punches (3) can be pressurized via pressure springs (11) in the sense of a frictional connectoin of wobble plates (6) and pressure plates (9).

Abstract: In this application for protection rights a new deburrer is presented, in which the deburring device working on a slab (1) or a billet (1), as a stationary design moves the work piece with an integrated pusher drive or includes a pusher drive when designed as a travelling device.

Abstract: A swaging machine (1) for swaging rod-shaped workpieces (W) has a ring-shaped forging box (3) supported in a machine frame (2) so as to be driven and rotated about the travel axis (A) of the workpiece (W), where in radial recesses (4) of the forging box forging punches (5) are accommodated which act against each other and can be lifted via a lifting drive (7) while the forging box rotates at the same time.

Abstract: A method to control the drawing of rolled stock in a segment of the rolling line includes measuring the section of the rolled stock passing through is made by a first detector located at the outlet of the semi-finishing block and by a second detector located at the inlet to the finishing block. The method also carries out at least a measurement of the section of the rolled stock with a third detector located at the outlet of the finishing block, the drawing action being controlled and regulated by a control unit by comparing the measurements of the section at the outlet of the semi-finishing block, at the inlet to the finishing block and at the outlet thereof with the corresponding values memorized in tables in the control unit.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing helical springs from steel wire. The springs' skin is thermomechanically hardened by shot peening the unstressed springs followed by thermally destressing them, and shot peening them again. The second shot peening is carried out in at least two steps. The method produces springs that are just as strong as conventional but smaller and lighter in weight. The first one of the steps is a rough shot peening with shot that is coarser than in the second one of the steps which is a fine shot peening was shot at a lower speed than in the first step. This increases compression of the wire's surface and polishes the wire's surface.

Abstract: A roller die apparatus for supporting pairs of roller dies in predetermined clearances for processing a web workpiece, and for varying the clearances between the dies to accommodate variations in the thickness of a web workpiece and having first and second roller dies rotatably mounted on respective roller die bearings, one of the first and second roller dies being moveable upwardly and downwardly transversely to its axis of rotation, and one of the first and second roller dies being moveable axially along its axis of rotation, thereby achieving adjusting of the die clearance between the first and second roller dies in two planes.

Abstract: A whip antenna made of a material having high tensile strength, such as stainless steel, including a tapered antenna body and a rounded end, both formed as a single integral unit. The antenna is formed by beating a rod having high tensile strength towards its center and pulling the rod in one direction to form the rod into a tapered shape and forming a rounded top section at the tapered end.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy member is heated to 470.degree.-550.degree. C., and is quenched to room temperature for hardening. Then the aluminum alloy member is heated to 160.degree.-220.degree. C., and is cooled, which is carried out in a cooling process of a tempering treatment. As the aluminum alloy member is in a softening state in the cooling process, plastic working such as shot peening treatment is performed on the surface of the aluminum alloy member. Thereafter, the temperature of the aluminum alloy member falls to room temperature. In this way, it is possible to generate a great amount of compression residual stress in the aluminum alloy member, without performing a severe plastic working treatment on the surface thereof. Since the present invention requires no severe plastic working treatments on the surface of the aluminum alloy member, this causes no severe surface roughness thereon.

Abstract: A coated fabric comprising a fabric substrate and a coating thereupon, said coating comprising a plurality of layers wherein at least one of the layers comprises a polyester polyurethane having a Shore A hardness of at least 90 durometer, or a linear polyurethane elastomer formed from a polyol; a diisocyanate compound; a first extender component having a molecular weight of below about 500; and a second extender component; wherein the diisocyanate compound is initially reacted with the first extender component in a molar ratio of above 2:1 to form a modified diisocyanate component having a functionality of about 2 prior to reaction with the other components to provide relatively low temperature processing properties to the composition. Preferably, different layers of these polyurethanes are included.

Abstract: Apparatus for automatically forming pointed ends for raw metal pipes such as aluminum pipes subject to a drawing process, the pointed end of the pipes being of a reduced diameter convenient for the drawing process. A transporting device moves each raw pipe, which is in alignment with an axis of a pipe inlet of a swaging machine for producing the pointed ends, to a position below the inlet. Each pipe is raised by a lifting device to a height of the pipe inlet so as to be chucked by a gripping device which moves forward to insert a leading end of the pipe into the inlet. The lifting device and the raw pipe are kept out of contact with each other while the leading end is being processed to form the pointed end at the inserted end in the swaging machine whereby efficiency and productivity are improved for the process.

Abstract: In a process for producing a camshaft provided with bearings and cams from a pipe or from a blank having an initial oval cam shape, the configuration of the camshaft with the cams and the bearings is molded into the pipe or hollow blank by swaging and circular kneading with tool segments. In a first step, a cam shape blank (9) is brought in the area of the bearings (13) to an at least approximately circular shape by forging or hammering of the camshaft in a pre-formation. Then in a second step the configuration of the camshaft with cams (16) and bearings (13) is molded by hammering a circular kneading with tools elements that at least partly surround the blank and exert radial compressive forces thereon while changing its initial shape and oval cross section.

Abstract: A swaging machine for swaging a workpiece as it is axially fed or for recessing a workpiece when it is axially fixed and which comprises two or more dies and two or more stems for actuating said dies, die guiding means for guiding said dies, a front cover for covering said dies, and wedges extending between said stems and dies to vary the radial spacing of said dies and stems. The machine is provided with a die changing mechanism comprising a pivotally movable or displaceable die handling member, which is formed with juxtaposed chamber, which contain respective gripping means for gripping respective sets of dies, and said die handling member is pivotally movable or displaceable to a plurality of positions in which respective ones of said chambers are centered on a predetermined workpiece feeding axis.

Abstract: An edge-finishing device comprises a drive unit (L), a holder (M) and a notched tip (N). The tip combines a number of geometric features known as land radius (Y), flank faces (K), flank radii (I) and root radius (J). Typical useage of the device requires a tip to be fitted into the holder, the tip being then offered against the workpiece using the flank faces for guidance. The land radius determines the contact area. The tip impacts against the workpiece and bends the protrusions over. The flank radii then beat the protrusions thin enough for them to break off or be driven off. The tip continues to impact until the finished edge conforms to the root radius.