Abstract: The invention relates to a regenerated cellulose fiber in the form of a solid viscose flat fiber having the following properties: The fiber consists of cellulose by more than 98%. The ratio of width B to thickness D of the fiber is 10:1 or higher. The fiber surface is essentially smooth. The fiber is essentially transparent. The fiber according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of paper.

Abstract: There is described a polysiloxane having the structure: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are independently a hydrocarbon radical, an unsaturated radical, an alkoxy radical, an aryl radical or an alkenyloxy radical, R4 is independently a direct bond or hydrocarbon radical optionally substituted with oxygen and nitrogen, R5 is independently a hydrogen, a halogen, an aliphatic group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryloxy group, R6 is independently a hydroxyl group, an amine group, an acid chloride group, or a sulfonyl halide group, x is from 1 to 300; y is from 0 to 50; and z is from 0 to 50. The polysiloxane is used to make various copolymers and polymer blends. A variety of articles can be made using the polysiloxane described as a polymer blend or copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for chemically embossing and debossing fabric. A composition comprising polyvinyl alcohol is applied to fabric in the shape of a design, and the fabric is dried. Upon the fabric drying, the surface of the fabric is embossed and/or debossed in the shape of the design. In particular embodiments, the composition comprises polyvinyl alcohol that is at least about 90% hydrolyzed. A kit for embossing and/or debossing fabric includes a composition comprising polyvinyl alcohol inside of a container, and one or more applicators.

Abstract: The present systems, compositions, and methods relate to local color modification of dyed fabrics using a laccase enzyme system.

Abstract: Novel laccase mediators, including carboxyamido and cyano derivatives of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol that exhibit improved hydrolytic stability and good bleaching performance. The novel laccase enzymes may be employed in conjunction with the 2,6-dimethoxyphenol derivatives of this invention to provide an improved method for bleaching denim fabrics.

Abstract: The discharge print paste formulation contains synthetic layered silicate as a carrier and thickening agent, one or more bleaching agents selected from sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide, water and optionally sodium hydroxide and discharges color when applied to washable color fast natural fabric (cotton, linen) or washable synthetic and permanent press fabric. The discharge print paste formulation is applied to the fabric. The treated fabric is dried at room temperature, washed and dried to get a pattern of discharged color where the discharge print paste formulation is applied.

Abstract: A method of dyeing a lens, comprises the steps of: (a) applying a dyeing ink containing a sublimable dye onto a base material to produce a dyeing base body; (b) placing the dyeing base body and the lens so that a dye-applied surface of the dyeing base body and a surface of the lens to be dyed face each other in noncontact relation, and heating the dyeing base body under substantially a vacuum condition to sublimate and deposit the applied dye on the lens; and (c) heating the dye deposited surface of the lens by irradiation of infrared rays from one direction to fix the deposited dye on the lens.

Abstract: Yarns and fabrics formed from such yarns incorporating an arrangement of discrete zones of variable heat treat history thereby imparting differential dye affinity and structural character at discrete zones along the yarn length are described. The differential dye affinity permits variable shading along the yarn length when the yarn is subjected to a dye bath. Processes and equipment for manufacturing such yarns are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic fiber fabric having translucent printing (dyeing) patterns thereon. The invention also relates to a process for producing a synthetic fiber fabric having translucent printing (dyeing) patterns thereon, which includes a printing step prior to an etching step, wherein the printing step includes printing a paste for dyeing and/or printing containing a transparent printing developer onto a surface of the fabric.

Abstract: The invention can be summarized as follows. There is provided a method of bleaching chemical pulp comprising the steps of exposing chemical pulp to a chemical bleaching state to produce a partially bleached pulp and treating the partially bleached pulp with a thermophilic, alkalophilic xylanase in an alkaline extraction stage at pH of 8 to 14. The method may be performed in a mill and may form part of a more complex pulp bleaching process. The invention also relates to the use of a thermophilic, alkalophilic xylanase in an alkaline extraction stage of a pulp bleaching process in a mill.

Abstract: A meted of manufacturing a durably grafting decorated cotton fabrics to a cotton cloths, which is comprised of; first step of printing a pattern on a cotton fabric by a stencil, second step of pasting a glue solution of Polyone S11111 seriesone clear from Polyone Corporation, which contains 1 to 5% of fumed silica for inhibitor, on the rear side of the pattern on the cotton fabric, third step of overlapping the glue pasted cotton fabric over a clothes such as a blue jeans, fourth step of over-lapping the pattern containing stencil over the front side of the cotton fabric, fifth step of place the stencil and the clothes between a heating press and press for 5 minutes at 160° C. (320 F.), sixth step of pasting a burn out gel on the stencil, and seventh step of removing the left of burn out from the clothes. This technology can be other artificial fabrics. And all these procedure is done by just stencil and press.

Abstract: A textile is disclosed having regions of color contrast and corresponding regions of sculptured three-dimensional surface geometry. Furthermore, one or more methods of making such a textile also are disclosed. The textile includes a first side having first regions and second regions in a predetermined pattern. The first and second regions differ in color shade values due to the etching of the textile, which has the effect of degrading or dissolving fiber material from the second regions, thereby providing a three dimensional sculpted geometry and a color contrast between etched and non-etched areas. Screen printing is applied using an extremely strong acidic or alkali composition paste upon the textile, followed by heating. Then, a washing step and a drying step results in a product having a color shade difference between etched areas and non-etched areas having differing ?L* color shade values using L*a*b* color space measurement techniques.

Abstract: In order to create or emulate authentic shotgun holes in a garment, a garment is subject to a distressing process with projectiles or other distressing apparatuses. A garment may be distressed without comprising critical components of the garment by positioning it in a stationary form in relation to a distressing apparatus and protecting the garment with a garment protection apparatus. A button for a garment is created by utilizing an authentic shotgun shell base attached to a rivet and spacer.

Abstract: A method of bleaching chemical pulp with xylanase after chemical bleaching is provided. The method comprises the steps of exposing chemical pulp to a chlorine dioxide bleaching stage to produce a partially bleached pulp, treating the partially bleached pulp with a xylanase in an enzyme treatment stage at a pH of about 3 to about 8, then carrying out an alkaline extraction of the pulp. The pulp bleaching method of the present invention may be performed in a pulp mill as part of a complex pulp bleaching process.

Abstract: Catalytic enzyme-modified textiles are disclosed for providing protection from chemical exposure. The textiles are composed of a cloth substrate, at least one polyelectrolyte layer, at least one enzyme layer to degrade the chemical agent, and at least one capping layer. Also disclosed is the related method for making catalytic enzyme-modified textiles.

Abstract: A method for creating faded designs in selected areas of fabric includes providing a plurality of fabric pieces and placing at least one cord on at least one selected area of at least one fabric piece of the plurality of fabric pieces in accordance with a selected pattern. Stitches are applied to secure the at least one cord to the at least one fabric piece and to form at least one corded tack. The at least one corded tack is treated to cause color changing of the at least one corded tack, and a garment is formed from the plurality of fabric pieces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substrate comprising fabric, the substrate treated with a composition comprising: a) formaldehyde; b) polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of from about 700 gm/mol to about 2500 gm/mol; and c) an acid catalyst; wherein the treated substrate has at least three enhanced fabric benefits, said benefits selected from the group consisting of: i) durable press; ii) hand feel; iii) anti-abrasion; iv) anti-shrinkage; and v) anti-yellowing. The present invention further relates to a system and a process for providing a substrate having the above described enhanced fabric benefits.

Abstract: A chemically modified nonwoven textile article and method for producing the same is provided that exhibits pilling resistance, soil release, strength, and abrasion resistance properties, thus rendering the article less prone to the formation of objectionable pill balls, staining, or loss of strength, thereby increasing wearer comfort and retaining the desired appearance of the article, and thereby extending the useful life of the article. A composition of matter for chemically modifying a nonwoven textile article to achieve pilling resistance, soil release, strength, and abrasion resistance is also provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an article of clothing includes the steps of providing an article of clothing having a single large size, subjecting the article to a tying process, and subjecting the article of clothing to a shrinking process after the tying process to obtain a tie-shrunk article of clothing having an entirely reduced size with elasticity due to the shrinkage of tie-shrunk article of clothing, so that an entire portion of the single large size article of clothing fits a wearer of any size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fabric care methods for restoring and/or rejuvenating color of worn, faded fabric, by applying to said fabric a fabric color care composition which comprises: water soluble and/or water dispersible polymers; surfactant capable of forming a bilayer structure; and mixtures thereof. Optionally, the composition can contain other ingredients to provide additionally fabric care benefits, and/or to improve performance and formulatability. The composition is preferably applied as small particle size droplets, especially from spray container that preferably are in association with a set of instructions for use.

Abstract: A process of dying a seat belt within a dye range, the seat belt comprising a woven polyester material containing a blended hybrid fiber of the type known as PET-polycaprolactone diblock copolymer fiber, the process comprising the steps of: heating the webbing to a preferred range while under tension and subsequently washing, steaming, finish coating and drying the webbing.

Abstract: Recycled paper pulp having at least two different types of paper which consume widely different amounts of bleaching chemical, or mixed hardwood and soft-wood pulps, are treated in a manner that enhances distribution and redistribution of bleaching chemical to enhance uniformity of the bleaching treatment. The pulp is intensely mixed to provide a homogenous mixture of fibrous material and bleaching chemical, and then is continuously or intermittently subjected to mechanical action (such as in low intensity mixers, or by agitating pulp in a retention tank) of sufficient intensity and duration so as to enhance distribution and redistribution of a bleaching chemical. Also, recycled pulp will have cleanliness which varies significantly over time, and this is accommodated by sensing at least one of the brightness, color, or lignin content (e.g.

Abstract: Creases with excellent resistance to washing processes can be produced in 30 to 100% by weight wool fabrics by means of a specific process. The fabrics are preferably in the form of garments; the process can be used to produce trouser creases, for example. The process consists in applying at least one compound having isocyanate groups to the fabric and pressing creases into the fabric under certain moisture and temperature conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming localized variation of color density in the surface of a dyed cellulosic fabric, and to a composition for use in the method.

Abstract: A process for enzymatic discharge printing of the surface of dyed fabric, especially cellulosic fabric such as denim, including an oxidoreductase and enhancing agent system.

Abstract: A process for instilling cellulosic garments with a worn and rumpled appearance without the use of fabric degrading chemicals or device, said process including treating the garments with a casting composition and curing while the garments are positioned on a support means.

Abstract: A new method of manufacturing a fabric or a garment with a stone-washed or worn look, the method comprising coating the yarn or fabric or garment with a polymer, e.g. a xyloglucan, prior to dyeing and afterwards creating the abraded or worn look by enzymatic degradation of said polymer, e.g. by using a xyloglucanase.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for selectively carving textile fabric by selectively applying chemicals containing a liquid repellent either alone or with other chemicals such as dye to a textile fabric and subsequently finishing said fabric. The textile fabric is then rewetted by the application of liquid. The printed areas containing liquid repellant remain dry and the areas without liquid repellent are selectively wetted out. The textile fabric is then subjected to pressurized heated gas which selectively carves the dry areas printed with liquid repellent leaving the wetted areas protected and uncarved. As an alternative embodiment, the yarns that make up a textile fabric can be individually treated with a liquid repellent prior to being formed into a textile fabric.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for creation of moire textile fabric. This can be achieved by directing at least one stream of pressurized heated gas at the surface of said first piece of overfed fabric to provide lateral yarn displacement and selectively interrupting and re-establishing contact between said stream and said surface in accordance with pattern information in order to pattern said first piece of fabric. This is followed by combining said patterned first piece of fabric with an unpatterned second piece of fabric in overlapping relationship and applying pressure by means of calender rolls having smooth surfaces to said combination of said first piece of patterned fabric and said second piece of unpatterned fabric. By using high pressure heated gas and shrinking some of the thermoplastic yarns, there is movement of the filling yarns in the fabric.

Abstract: A composition comprising a cellulase, heat expanded perlite and a buffer and optionally a dispersing agent and/or a chelating agent useful for the treatment of a dyed fabric.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to improved methods for decolorizing or fading fabrics with gaseous oxidizing agents. The methods involve tumbling the fabrics in the presence of moisture and a treating agent for delivery of the treating agent to random portions of the fabrics. After tumbling for a sufficient period of time, the fabrics are then oxidized with a gaseous oxidizing agent such as ozone.

Abstract: A processing composition for decorating a dyed cloth fabric. The composition is a dye reactive oxidizer carrying gel and the method of use is to silkscreen onto the fabric to be decorated with the oxidizing gel. The gel is allowed to react with the dye of the fabric in a pattern dictated by the silkscreening pattern. The oxidizing agent is then removed from the fabric.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment of dyed fabric comprising contacting, in an aqueous medium, the fabric with a cellulolytic enzyme and heat expanded perlite in an amount effective for providing localized variation in the color density of the surface of the dyed fabric. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising a cellulase, heat expanded perlite and a buffer and optionally a dispersing agent and/or a chelating agent.

Abstract: A composition for removing cellulose fibers includes an acidification agent such as aluminum sulfate and sodium bisulfate, a humectant such as glycerine, xanthan gum as a thickening agent, and water as the balance. The composition is mixed to a pseudoplastic state having substantial homogeneity, and may be applied to fabric according to a method of removing cellulose-containing fibers.

Abstract: A discrete, well defined pattern is produced on colored fabric by applying to the desired area of the fabric a viscous mixture of fine mineral particles, water and one or more bleaching agents. The viscous mixture remains confined to the designated area and permeates the fabric. After a controlled, finite period of time, the mixture is rinsed away, leaving a well defined area from which the fabric coloration has been removed.

Abstract: A method for creating a design on a garment or fabric comprising preparing a patterning medium comprising a cellulose ether in a trough, adding onto the surface of said medium a fabric oxidizing or reducing agent in a desired pattern, contacting a garment or fabric with said surface of said medium for a time sufficient to permit the oxidizing or reducing agent to be transferred onto said garment and to partially oxidize or reduce the color in the garment or fabric, removing said garment or fabric from said medium, treating said garment or fabric with a neutralizing agent so as to neutralize excess oxidizing or reducing agent on said garment or fabric, and rinsing said garment or fabric with water so as to remove excess cellulose ether on said garment or fabric.

Abstract: A process for redyeing partially bleached fabric or garments to yield sharply-etched multicolored designs comprises the steps of:(a) dyeing the fabric, or purchasing a commercial garment, with a background first color;(b) gathering selected areas of the dyed fabric with ligatures to restrict access of further reagents;(c) bleaching the gathered background dyed to remove the first color from the areas outside the gathered areas; and(d) redyeing the bleached areas with a second color,whereby sharply defined multicolored patterns are formed having from about 0.2 mm to about 2 mm of white gap between each color.

Abstract: A new class of sulfonated 2-(2'-hydroxyaryl)-2H-benzotriazole compounds and method for using them and other sulfonated hydroxyaryl benzotriazoles on nylon fibers to improve stain resistance and dye lightfastness has been discovered. A process is provided for improving stain resistance of nylon fibers by treatment with sulfonated aromatic-formaldehyde condensate and fluorinated dry soil resist agents.

Abstract: An information device comprising a substrate having applied thereto:(1) an agent which absorbs electromagnetic radiation in the infra-red to ultra-violet region of the spectrum, said agent being capable of easy removal from the substrate by physical means, and(2) a second agent which is capable of increasing the fixation of the first agent to the substrate, said second agent being applied to the substrate in a localized manner to form an invisible image which becomes detectable when the substrate is subjected to a treatment capable of selectively removing the first agent from those parts of the substrate to which the second agent has not been applied.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for sculpturing pile fabrics which comprises: (a) selectively contacting the surface of a pile fabric corresponding to a pattern a fiber degrading composition, said composition comprising a fiber degrading agent in a concentration sufficient to reduce the tensile strength of the fibers of the pile, said fiber degrading agent being selected from a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R' are each independently selected from a lower alkyl group having from one to about five carbon atoms, dyes are optionally selectively applied in pattern form and in register with the fiber degrading composition; (b) heating the pile fabric to temperatures above 180.degree. F. but below 250.degree. F.

Abstract: The invention deals with a process for production of synthetic hairs for use in wigs, hair pieces, etc. While the natural appearance of synthetic hair is retained, the synthetic hair has a high thermal resistance. In the process, individual hair is given a diffuse light refraction by altering its structure surface, by means of chemically disturbing the surface. The process is so conducted that the surface of a single filament polyester fiber is disturbed by means of a corrosive alkaline lye, in which the solution of about 20 g/l of natrium hydroxide works into the fiber at a temperature of 96.degree.C.-100.degree. C.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for heat treating textile substrates wherein a substrate may be dyed in pattern configuration and, optionally, thermally modified to produce visual surface effects in the pattern areas in perfect registry. Dye is applied to the textile substrate, and optionally dried, without being fixed. Heat is selectively applied in pattern configuration to the substrate. The heat is sufficient to fix the dye in pattern configuration, at a pre-determined level of fixation, and may also be sufficient to cause thermal shrinkage or other thermally-induced physical modification to the substrate, also in pattern configuration. Unfixed dye may then be removed, leaving a pattern-dyed substrate which, optionally, may have physically modified areas in perfect registry. A mixture of dyes having different fixation energy levels may be used for multiple color effects.

Abstract: The invention provides novel nitro-paraphenylenediamine derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 denotes an alkyl group, a monohydroxy- or polyhydroxy-alkyl group or an aminoalkyl group, the amino group of which is optionally monosubstituted or disubstituted by an alkyl group, and R.sub.2 denotes an alkyl group, or a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof. These derivatives are useful as direct dyes, especially for dyeing human hair.

Abstract: A print screen stencil for printing with corrosive printing compositions is disclosed. The stencil comprises a screen fabric having open mesh areas in a predetermined pattern adapted to allow the passage of a printing composition to a substrate positioned beneath the fabric and filled or closed mesh areas adapted to prevent the passage of a printing composition, the filled mesh areas comprising a resist coating encasing the mesh in the filled areas, the resist coating comprising cross-linked acrylic polymer intimately dispersed in fused vinyl resin.

Abstract: A synthetic fur closely resembling a natural fur comprises relatively long and thick guard hair-like raised synthetic fibers, each having a transverse cross-section wherein at least one constricted part is formed, and underfur-like raised synthetic fibers, each having a rate of dissolution in a solvent or of hydrolysis with a hydrolyzing agent higher than that of said guard hair-like raised fibers, and a length and fineness less than those of said guard hair-like raised fibers. The synthetic fur is prepared by applying a viscous treating liquid containing a solvent or hydrolyzing agent to a raised surface of a fabric comprising relatively thick raised synthetic fibers, each having a transverse cross-section wherein at least one constricted part is formed, and relatively fine raised synthetic fibers, each having a rate of dissolution in the solvent or of hydrolysis with the hydrolyzing agent higher than that of said relatively thick raised fibers.

Abstract: Dye compositions comprising a coupler having to the formula ##STR1## in which formula R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 2 carbon atoms and n represents a number equal to 1 or 2 and a paraphenylenediamine.This coupler is particularly suitable for use in a dyeing composition comprising paraphenylenediamines responding to the formula ##STR2## or the corresponding acid salts; formula in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a alkyl radical, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl in which the alkoxy group comprises 1 to 2 carbon atoms, carbamylalkyl, mesylaminoalkyl, acetylaminoalkyl, ureidoaminoalkyl, carbethoxyaminoalkyl, the alkyl groups in R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, with the reservation that R.sub.1 or R.sub.3 represents hydrogen when R.sub.

Abstract: A method for sculpturing a pile fabric, e.g., acrylic pile fabric, is provided which comprises contacting selected areas to be sculptured of the pile surface of the fabric with a sufficient amount of a sculpturing composition to provide a sculptured effect, said composition comprising: at least one lower alkylene carbonate, e.g., ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, etc., provided in said composition in a concentration sufficient so that said fibers may be subsequently caused to shrink to a lower energy configuration upon application of heat; said sculpturing composition further containing E-caprolactam in an amount sufficient to maintain a relatively soft hand of the shrunken pile fibers; and heating said pile fabric to a temperature sufficient to cause the pile height of said fibers in the selected areas of the pile fabric to be reduced sufficiently to provide a sculptured effect on said pile fabric.

Abstract: A method for printing and flocking a fabric in which the fabric is moved along a path, dye is applied to the fabric in accordance with a printing pattern to print such pattern directly on the fabric itself without interrupting the moving thereof, adhesive is applied over regions of the fabric to be flocked, again without interrupting the moving of the fabric, and flocking material is applied to the adhesive regions of the fabric, also without interrupting the moving thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing cloque or undulating effects on the surfaces of textile fabrics made from synthetics, in which process the fabric is subjected to a first heat-treatment at temperatures varying between 100.degree. C. and 200.degree. C. with tension or pressure being applied, e.g. hot calendering or stentering, for the purpose of temporarily increasing the density of the threads in the fabric. Following this, the fabric is printed with a heat-resistant resist to the specifications of a pattern, and subjected to a second heat-treatment at temperatures varying between 100.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., preferably without tension, for 30 seconds to 10 minutes for the purpose of decreasing the density of the threads in those areas not printed with the resist paste. The resist is removed by washing, the fabric being dried by conventional means.

Abstract: A durable, multiple-level, pile height is imparted to at least one surface of terry towelling, terry fabric or cut pile cotton fabric by treating the piles in predetermined areas of the surface with caustic paste and allowing the material to stand, with or without heating, so as to shrink and reduce the height of the caustic treated piles. The viscosity, the penetration period, and the manner of applying the paste are selected such that the ground layer of the material is substantially unaffected. The process is compatible with various dyeing techniques to obtain attractive color effects.