Abstract: Processes are disclosed which substantially eliminate the formation of oxidized indigo dye before and during dye application onto a natural fiber yarn or fabric while allowing the leuco-indigo dye molecule to diffuse fully into the natural fibers of the yarn where it can fix to the fibers prior to oxidation (i.e., exposure of the leuco-dyed yarns to oxygen). Indigo dyed textile products (e.g., dyed cotton yarns that may be twill woven to form a denim fabric) exhibit exceptionally high colorfastness as determined by the AATCC Crock Test.

Abstract: A washing machine having a bubble generator includes a bubble spray part provided at an upper side of a tub and configured to discharge bubbles from a top to a bottom inside the tub, a wash liquid jet nozzle provided inside the bubble spray part and configured to jet wash liquid; a blowing fan provided in the bubble spray part and configured to blow air in a direction in which the wash liquid jet nozzle jets the wash liquid; and a porous plate member provided at a front end of the bubble spray part and including a plurality of holes, wherein when the wash liquid jetted from the wash liquid jet nozzle collides with the porous plate member, bubbles are generated.

Abstract: An oxidative hair colorant composition to be dispensed from a manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser as a foam. The oxidative hair colorant composition contains a foam stabilizing agent and is essentially free of surfactant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a first composition of an oxidative permanent hair dye product that includes a C1-C4 alcohol, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an antioxidant, an oxidative dye, a C14-C22 fatty alcohol, a metal sequestering agent, an alkali agent, and purified water. According to the oxidative permanent hair dye product according to the present invention, foams generated by mixing a liquid first composition that includes a dye and a liquid second composition that includes an oxidant continuously retained on hair for more than 30 minutes, and thus hair, even close to the root, can be simply and conveniently colored in the same manner as shampooing without using a comb or brush.

Abstract: An oxidative hair colorant composition to be dispensed from a manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser as a foam. The oxidative hair colorant composition contains a foam stabilizing agent and is essentially free of surfactant.

Abstract: Dyeing a traveling sheet of textile yarn with a dye in foamed condition, and, more particularly, dyeing by separating a traveling sheet of yarn into separate spaced portions and applying foamed dye to the inner facing and outer facing surfaces of the yarns in the spaced portions. Then recombining the spaced portions into a single sheet and further applying foamed dye to the yarn in the recombined sheet.

Abstract: There is provided a head hair dyeing method using a two-part hair dye composition which contains a first part containing an alkali agent, a second part containing hydrogen peroxide and a non-aerosol type foamer container for discharging a mixture solution of the first part and the second part as foam, the composition containing a surfactant in at least one of the first part and the second part, the method including discharging the mixture solution as foam, applying the foam to the head hair, and then re-foamed on the head hair.

Abstract: A soluble solid hair coloring article having zwitterionic direct dye and one or more soluble porous solids containing nonionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, or a mixture thereof, such that the one or more soluble porous solids have a density of from about 0.03 g/cm3 to about 0.15 g/cm3; and methods of applying the soluble solid hair coloring article to hair.

Abstract: A soluble solid hair coloring article having anionic direct dye and one or more soluble porous solids containing nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, or a mixture thereof, such that the soluble porous solid has a density of from about 0.03 g/cm3 to about 0.15 g/cm3; and methods of applying the soluble solid hair coloring article to hair.

Abstract: A soluble solid hair coloring article having cationic direct dye and one or more soluble porous solids containing nonionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, or a mixture thereof, such that the one or more soluble porous solids have a density of from about 0.03 g/cm3 to about 0.15 g/cm3; and methods of applying the soluble solid hair coloring article to hair.

Abstract: There is provided a head hair dyeing method using a two-part hair dye composition which contains a first part containing an alkali agent, a second part containing hydrogen peroxide and a non-aerosol type foamer container for discharging a mixture solution of the first part and the second part as foam, the composition containing a surfactant in at least one of the first part and the second part, the method including discharging the mixture solution as foam, applying the foam to the head hair, and then re-foamed on the head hair.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a two-part hair cosmetic for hair dyeing or bleaching which includes a first agent containing an alkaline agent and a second agent containing hydrogen peroxide and a squeeze container for discharging a mixed solution of the first agent and the second agent. The first agent or second agent contains a foaming agent. The mixed solution thereof has a viscosity (25° C.) of from 1 mPa·s to 100 mPa·s. The ratio between the total volume of the first and second agents and the inner volume of the container body is in the range of from 0.30 to 0.60.

Abstract: An oxidative hair colorant composition to be dispensed from a manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser as a foam. The oxidative hair colorant composition contains a foam stabilizing agent and is essentially free of surfactant.

Abstract: A hair colorant composition being essentially free of surfactant and having a specific perfume system for the hair colorant composition, where the hair colorant composition is capable of forming a foamed hair colorant composition.

Abstract: A device (100) is described, together with a continuous dyeing process with indigo and reduction dyes for warp yarn chains (3) and/or fabrics. The device (100) comprising at least one hermetically sealed dyeing compartment (1), and at least one hermetically sealed compartment (2) for the diffusion and fixing of the dye on the yarn (3). The compartment (2) is situated downstream of the dyeing compartment (1) and is functionally and hermetically connected to the dyeing compartment (1) by means of a tunnel (4). Means (12) are present inside the compartments (1, 2) and tunnel (4), for the entry of inert gas or deoxygenated air. One or more means (14, 14?) for the direct application of the dye onto the yarn (3) are also present inside the dyeing compartment (1), whereas at least one tank (8) for humidifying the environment and at least one means (7) for heating the yarn (3) leaving the dyeing compartment (1), are present in the compartment (2).

Abstract: An oxidative hair colorant composition to be dispensed from a manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser as a foam. The oxidative hair colorant composition contains a foam stabilizing agent and is essentially free of surfactant.

Abstract: A hair colorant composition being essentially free of surfactant and having a specific perfume system for the hair colorant composition, where the hair colorant composition is capable of forming a foamed hair colorant composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for dyeing sheetlike textile materials with a dye, which comprises a concentrated dye system being applied in a total amount of 1% to 25% by weight, based on the textile material, to the textile material in two or more sub-steps and the dye being fixed on the textile material after each and every sub-step.

Abstract: The present invention is related to methods for dyeing a traveling cellulosic substrate. The methods include steps of cationizing a cellulosic substrate followed by applying foam including one or more dyes to the cationized cellulosic substrate.

Abstract: A two-part foam hair dye having a first agent containing an alkali agent, a second agent containing hydrogen peroxide, and a non-aerosol foamer container, wherein the first agent contains (A), from 0.20 to 2.00 mol/kg of (B), and 0.05 mol/kg or greater of (C1); a total concentration of (C1) and (C2) in the first agent is from 0.16 to 0.50 mol/kg: and a mixture of the first agent and the second agent has a viscosity of from 1 to 300 mPa·s; (A) a water-soluble cationic polymer, (B) an alkali metal ion, (C1) an oxidation dye having a phenolic hydroxyl group, and (C2) an anionic surfactant.

Abstract: A two-part hair dye including a first part containing an alkali agent, a second part containing hydrogen peroxide, and a non-aerosol foamer vessel to discharge in the form of foam a liquid mixture of the first part and the second part, wherein at least one of the first part and the second part contains a surfactant, 90% by mass or more of the total amount of which being a nonionic surfactant component.

Abstract: A two-part hair dye composition, including a first part containing an alkali agent, a second part containing hydrogen peroxide, and a non-aerosol type foamer container for discharging a liquid mixture of the first part and the second part as a foam, wherein the liquid mixture contains the following components (A) to (D): (A) 0.1 to 5% by mass of an alkyl sulfate or polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulfate; (B) 0.1 to 10% by mass of an alkyl polyglucoside; (C) 0.01 to 3% by mass of a dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide copolymer or a dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer; and (D) 0.01 to 0.8% by mass of a higher alcohol.

Abstract: A device (100) is described, together with a continuous dyeing process with indigo and reduction dyes for warp yarn chains (3) and/or fabrics. The device (100) comprising at least one hermetically sealed dyeing compartment (1), and at least one hermetically sealed compartment (2) for the diffusion and fixing of the dye on the yarn (3). The compartment (2) is situated downstream of the dyeing compartment (1) and is functionally and hermetically connected to the dyeing compartment (1) by means of a tunnel (4). Means (12) are present inside the compartments (1, 2) and tunnel (4), for the entry of inert gas or deoxygenated air. One or more means (14, 14?) for the direct application of the dye onto the yarn (3) are also present inside the dyeing compartment (1), whereas at least one tank (8) for humidifying the environment and at least one means (7) for heating the yarn (3) leaving the dyeing compartment (1), are present in the compartment (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for coloring keratinaceous fibers and a method of using the same. The composition of the present invention contains (a) at least one pyrimidine derivative and (b) at least one compound selected from an m-phenylene derivative, an m-aminophenol derivative, a pyridine derivative, a resorcinol derivative, a methylenedioxybenzene derivative, or 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid or combinations thereof. The method of the present invention includes applying the coloring composition to keratin-containing fibers and subsequently rinsing the coloring composition from the fibers.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of denim fabrics or garments to achieve a worn or distressed look wherein treatment comprises contacting a plurality of denim fabrics or garments with an effective amount of a foam composition which contains an effective amount of a cellulase enzyme. The enzyme is capable of altering the color depth of the dye in the fabric materials. The garments or fabrics are vigorously tumbled so that they repeatedly contact and rub against one another so that abrasive rubbing contact between the garments or fabrics is ensured, which imparts a worn or distressed look to the fabrics or garments.

Abstract: Air is blown into filter tow during or immediately after the application of plasticizer; this foams and distributes the plasticizer in the tow. Air may be delivered from a porous plate closely adjacent to the path of the tow or from nozzles in an air injecting unit. Alternatively air may be used to foam plasticizer at a location remote from the tow and foamed plasticizer subsequently conveyed to and into the tow by a roller.

Abstract: A foam-fluid composition for use in foam fracture applications and foam slurry transport comprises a thickening amount of a viscoelastic surfactant composition, a functionally effective amount of a surfactant composition capable of forming a foam, and an aqueous liquid. Foam-fluid formulations are easily prepared, reusable, shear stable, easily pumped and form stable foams over a wide temperature range and exhibit high viscosities even at relatively high temperatures.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for printing cellulosic textile material with reactive dyes which contain at least one monohalotriazine radical, which process comprises printing said material, without the addition of urea, in a single step and wetting the dried printed goods with water for the fixation step.The novel process gives level and deep prints of excellent appearance without the use of urea.

Abstract: A method for pigmenting fabric surfaces to achieve a predetermined nonuniformly colored appearance comprising the steps ofa. introducing fabric into a tumbling machine together with an effective amount of a pigment-containing foam composition, which foam composition comprises water, a dispersed pigment, and auxiliaries;b. tumbling the fabric and foam composition in the tumbling machine for a period of time sufficient to pigment the surface of the fabric thereby creating the desired nonuniformly colored appearance;c. extracting the excess foam composition from the tumbling machine;d. removing the pigmented fabric from the tumbling machine and drying it to cure the pigmented surface;e. washing the pigmented fabric in a detergent composition to remove unbound pigment; andf. drying the pigmented fabric.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the photochemical stabilization of dyed polyamide fibre materials, which comprises treating the dyed material with an aqueous foamed composition which contains at least a non-dyeing copper complex of bisazomethines, acylhydrazones, semicarbazones or thiosemicarbazones of aromatic aldehydes or ketones or oximes.By means of the process of this invention it is possible to prevent wastewater from being contaminated with copper-containing impurities.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for impregnating a porous substrate with foam, the method comprising transporting the porous substrate through a nip region defined by a rotating foraminous drum and a foam discharge head, the foam discharge head comprising one or more discharge openings, supplying foam to the discharge head with pressure sufficient to discharge foam through the discharge openings to impregnate the porous substrate, and urging the foam discharge head and the foraminous drum toward each other to compress the porous substrate as it passes the discharge openings. The foam discharge head is mounted to a hinged plate to enable the urging of the discharge head toward the foraminous drum.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for impregnating a pourous substrate with foam the method comprising transporting the porous substrate through a nip region defined by a moving foraminous surface such as a rotating foraminous drum and a foam discharge head, the foam discharge head comprising one or more discharge openings, where the transport of the porous substrate through the nip region causes the porous substrate to be compressed as it passes the discharge openings, and supplying foam to the discharge head with pressure sufficient to discharge foam through the discharge openings to impregnate the porous substrate. A surface support conveyor is positioned between the foraminous surface and the porous substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing heat set, tinted yarn. The apparatus comprises yarn heat setting means and yarn tinting means for tinting said yarn after heat setting in the yarn heat setting means. The yarn tintint means comprises a tinting chamber having openings therein to allow for passage of yarn therethrough, yarn guide means for guiding the yarn through the tinting chamber, spray nozzles locatable withinthe chamber for spraying tint onto the yarn within the chamber and means for exhausting excess tint from the chamber.

Abstract: A process for coloring polyurethane resins made by a polyaddition reaction of a polyol and an isocyanate is provided, which comprises adding to the reaction mixture before or during the polyaddition reaction a reactive coloring agent suitable for incorporation in the resin with the formation of covalent bonds, said coloring agent having the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from an alkyl group having from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, X is --CH.sub.2 --, a and a' are integers from 1 to about 6, and Y and Y' are independently selected from polymeric units of hydroxy alkylenes or alkylene oxide monomers selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, or glycidol, b and b' are independently either 0 or 1, and Z and Z' are reactive groups independently selected from --OH, --NH.sub.2, or --SH.

Abstract: Textile cellulose material is printed or dyed with reactive dyes with the aid of foam. The foam is applied by applying to the cellulose material a foamed, aqueous preparation which contains in addition to dyes and fixing alkalis(1) a foam-forming agent(2) a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide or preferably a graft polymer which is obtained from an addition product of an alkylene oxide, preferably propylene oxide, on an at least trihydric aliphatic alcohol, e.g. glycerol, and acrylamide or methacrylamide, and(3) a betainelike quaternary ammonium salt which is obtainable by condensation of (A) a sulfonated asymmetric succinic acid diester which has as ester groups a halohydrin group and an etherified polyalkylene glycol group, with (B) a tertiary amine-substituted N-alkylamide of ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid.The cellulose material thus treated is then subjected to a heat treatment, for example steaming, to fix the dye.

Abstract: This invention relates to the application of a treatment agent to an air permeable substrate by forming a foam of a liquid containing or constituting the treatment agent and applying the foam to the substrate and causing or allowing the foam to transit the substrate and to be removed from the other side thereof in which process the foam is applied in an excess defined as a ratio of the foam transit liquid content of the material in which case the amount of treatment agent taken up by the substrate will be dependent solely on the concentration of the agent within the foam and not by the volume of the foam applied and further the amount of agent taken up by the substrate is substantially independent of the initial water or liquid content of the substrate.

Abstract: A system for the uniform distribution and delivery of foam finish to a fabric is disclosed. The system includes a pressure manifold for delivery of foam under pressure to a moving fabric which includes inner and outer concentrically disposed conduits. The inner conduit receives foam under pressure from both ends and has an effluent port along the length thereof supplying foam to the outer conduit. The outer conduit includes a slotted port along the length thereof for delivery of foam under pressure to a moving fabric passing across the slotted port. The pressure manifold may include a sleeve which is adjustably positioned to seal the end portions of the slotted port depending on the width of the fabric being foam finished. The system may include two such pressure manifolds, arranged in parallel crosswise to the moving fabric, to apply foam simultaneously to both sides of the fabric.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of printing a substrate in a pattern with a viscous mass in the form of a foam using a screen printing machine.In order to provide new structures, especially in combination with the printing of fibrous webs, the invention is characterized in that the foam used has meta-stable foam properties. The structure of the foam is maintained intact during transfer and subsequent treatments.

Abstract: Textile cellulose material is printed or dyed with reactive dyes with the aid of foam. The foam is applied by applying to the cellulose material a foamed, aqueous preparation which contains in addition to dyes and fixing alkalis(1) a foam-forming agent(2) a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide or preferably a graft polymer which is obtained from an addition product of an alkalene oxide, preferably propylene oxide, on an at least trihydric aliphatic alcohol, e.g. glycerol, and acrylamide of methacrylamide, and(3) a betainelike quaternary ammonium salt which is obtainable by condensation of(A) a sulfonated asymmetric succinic acid diester which has as ester groups a halohydrin group and an etherified polyalkylene glycol group, with(B) a tertiary amine-substituted N-alkylamide of ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid.The cellulose material thus treated is then subjected to a heat treatment, for example steaming, to fix the dye.

Abstract: Textile cellulose material is printed or dyed with reactive dyes with the aid of foam. The foam is applied by applying to the cellulose material a foamed, aqueous prepartion which contains in addition to dye and fixing alkalis(1) a foam-forming agent(2) a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide or preferably a graft polymer which is obtained from an addition product of an alkylene oxide, preferably propylene oxide, on an at least trihydric aliphatic alcohol, e.g. glycerol, and acrylamide or methacrylamide, and(3) the acid ester of a homopolymer of an ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid and a polyethylene glycol, a terminal hydroxyl group of the diol having been etherified with an aliphatic monoalcohol having at least 4 carbon atoms, preferably stearyl alcohol, and the homopolymer having a molecular weight of 300 to 3,500.The cellulose material thus treated is then subjected to a heat treatment, for example steaming, to fix the dye.

Abstract: Textile cellulose material is printed or dyed with reactive dyes with the aid of foam. The foam is applied by applying to the cellulose material a foamed, aqueous preparation which contains in addition to dyes and fixing alkalis(1) a foam-forming agent(2) a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide or preferably a graft polymer which is obtained from an addition product of an alkylene oxide, preferably propylene oxide, on an at least trihydric aliphatic alcohol, e.g. glycerol, and acrylamide or methacrylamide, and(3) an anionic graft polymer which has as grafting base a copolymerization product from (A) an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, the alkyl radical having at least 8 carbon atoms, with (B) a dicarboxylic acid diester of an ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and a polyethylene glycol, a terminal hydroxyl group of the diol having been etherified with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The method of screen printing with a hot melt foam composition includes providing a screen having the desired pattern to be transferred to a substrate, casting onto the screen a hot melt foam composition and forcing the foam composition through the screen to form the described pattern on the substrate. The method offers a number of advantages including the transfer of large amounts of hot melt inks through the screen, fast printing speeds, printing with highly viscous polymeric or thermosetting materials and control of processing temperatures, among other advantages.

Abstract: In a method for regulating the foam density in products foamed from liquid and a gas additive the density of the foam and the excess pressure are simultaneously measured in the conveyor line of the foam, correlated in an evaluation circuit and the free foam density, that is, the density of the released foam under atmospheric pressure, is calculated therefrom. This calculated value is compared with a set value of the free foam density and in the case of deviations the ratio of the amounts of liquid and gas conveyed is varied.This method makes it possible for the relative fluctuation in density of the released foam to be reduced to values on the order of 1%.

Abstract: Textile cellulose material is dyed or in particular printed with vat dyes by applying to the cellulose material in the absence of air a foamed aqueous preparation which, in addition to the dye, alkalis, reducing agent, foam-forming agent, preferably also contains a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide or in particular a graft polymer which is obtained from an adduct of an alkylene oxide, preferably propylene oxide, on an at least trihydric aliphatic alcohol, for example glycerol, and acrylamide or methacrylamide.The dyed or printed cellulose material is if desired subjected to a heat treatment, for example steaming, and is then oxidized to develop the color.The use of the foamed preparations makes it possible to obtain deep level dyeings and crisp prints without the use of thickeners; at the same time the textile materials thus obtained have excellent handle.

Abstract: Textile cellulose material is printed with a reactive dye by applying to the cellulose material a foamed aqueous preparation which, in addition to the dye, contains foaming agent and a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide or preferably a graft polymer obtained from an adduct of an alkylene oxide, preferably propylene oxide, on an at least trihydric aliphatic alcohol, for example glycerol, and acrylamide or methacrylamide.The printed cellulose material is then subjected to a heat treatment, for example steaming, to fix the dye.This foamed printing color produces without the use of thickenings a deep, level and crisp print which also has excellent handle.

Abstract: Two linear arrays of foamed dyestuff dispensing nozzles reciprocate 180.degree. out of phase normal to the path of a carpet web being dyed. Each array dispenses streams of foamed dyestuff over a gum coated web in alternate groups of first and second colors, the second array dispensing its dyestuff superimposed over the dyestuff dispensed by the first array. The same dyestuff color groups overlap in spaced repeating regions of the carpet web while different colors overlap in the remaining regions to provide a fully dyed web having the appearance of repetitive spaced regions of either the first or the second colors.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a warp beam with warp yarns having a temporary coloration to permit ready visual identification of the warp yarns during subsequent handling of the warp beam. The temporary coloration is accomplished by applying a foamed fugitive tint to the warp yarns in their path of travel from a supply creel to a winder with their speed of travel being such that the yarns are dried without having to apply external heat.

Abstract: A continuous process for the application of a textile treating composition in the form of a froth or foam to a substrate such as textiles. The process enables the application in a uniform manner of any foamable functional composition that can be used in the treatment of a textile fabric to improve its properties. In the process of foamed functional treating composition is continuously conveyed to the applicator nozzle, the substrate is continuously passed across and in contact with the applicator nozzle so as to simultaneously contact said substrate with the foamed composition and the applicator nozzle at a rate such that a predetermined controlled amount of the foamed functional treating composition is uniformly applied to the surface of the substrate and the foam immediately breaks on contact with the substrate and is readily absorbed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dyeing or otherwise treating yarns wherein the yarn is made into a substrate having tranvsersely laid yarns, foamed dye is placed on the substrate, and the foamed substrate is impacted to cause penetration of the foam through the substrate. The apparatus may include a hammer-like impactor acting against an anvil for impacting the foamed substrate, and the impactor may be driven by mechanical arrangements, or by ultrasonic sound drive means. The apparatus may also include impacting rollers wherein the diameter of the roller is small, and the rate of rotation high, so the rate of increase in pressure on the substrate by the rollers is equal to impaction.

Abstract: In printing transfer papers with standard aqueous print pastes, the local swelling of the paper substance gives rise to the problem of the dimensional stability of the papers. These disadvantages are eliminated according to the invention by using as print pastes foamed dyestuff liquors in which the consistency of the foam acts as thickening agents. As a result the moisture content in the print pastes can be reduced.