Abstract: A joint structure of a robot according to an embodiment may include first link member, a second link member, a first movable link and a second movable link, disposed so as to intersect with each other and configured to rotatably couple the first link member to the second link member, and a linear-movement actuator connected at a base-end part thereof to the first link member, and connected at a tip-end part thereof to the first movable link. The second link member relatively pivots to the first link member by the linear-movement actuator advancing and retreating.

Abstract: A flexible joint includes a plurality of links, a plurality of flexures, and at least one cable which can be tensioned or relaxed to cause a bending about a plurality of axes. The links may include a base link; a last link; and a plurality of intermediate links, coupled together by the flexures such that the plurality of intermediate links, the first link, and the last link form a chain of links having the base link at a first end of the chain and the last link at a second end of the chain and each of the plurality of intermediate links is coupled to two other ones of the plurality of links by two flexures. The cable(s) extend through cable pass-through-holes in the links. The links may comprise disks with sloped faces, and may be rotational offset from another around a longitudinal axis. The flexures may comprise living hinges.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modular robot. The module robot includes at least two unit modules, each unit module includes at least one subunit module, and the subunit module includes at least two connected submodules; the two submodules can be controlled by electrical signals to rotate relatively, to change the modular robot configuration, and every unit module provides at least a docking part, the unit modules are connected through the docking part; different docking parts of every unit module have interface identification information, interface identification information of every docking part can be recognized, and the position information of the unit module is obtained by recognizing interface identification information of docking parts of connected unit modules. The present invention further provides the modular robot system and modular robot control method. The modular robot has advantages of simple recognition of position information and high degree of intelligence.

Abstract: A link actuation device includes: a parallel link mechanism including a proximal-side link hub, a distal-side link hub, and three or more link mechanisms coupling the distal-side link hub to the proximal-side link hub such that a posture of the distal-side link hub can be changed with respect to the proximal-side link hub; actuators for changing the posture; and a teaching unit including a conversion unit configured to calculate coordinates (Wt (=Xt, Yt, Zt)) of a distal-side link center of the distal-side link hub, which are expressed in orthogonal coordinates, from rotation angles (?n; n=1, 2, . . . ) of the end link members. A normal vector is applied to equations of a plane and of a sphere, and the equations are rearranged and used in the conversion unit.

Abstract: An internal pressure adjustment system includes a gas supply line that supplies incombustible gas to a housing space of a robot, and an exhaust line that exhausts gas from the housing space. The internal pressure adjustment system further includes an on-off valve of a gas pressure driven type that switches between opening and closing of the exhaust line in accordance with the gas supply pressure. The exhaust line is opened in response to an increase in the gas supply pressure and the exhaust line is closed in response to a decrease in the gas supply pressure.

Abstract: A substrate transport apparatus including a frame, at least one arm link rotatably connected to the frame and a shaftless drive section. The shaftless drive section including stacked drive motors for rotating the at least one arm link relative to the frame through a shaftless interface, each of the stacked drive motors including a stator having stator coils disposed on a fixed post fixed relative to the frame and a rotor substantially peripherally surrounding the stator such that the rotor is connected to a respective one of the at least one arm link for rotating the one of the at least one arm link relative to the frame causing an extension or retraction of the one of the at least one arm link, where the stacked drive motors are disposed in the at least one arm link so that part of each stator is within a common arm link.

Abstract: A dual-arm robot includes a first arm and a second arm, each having a first link rotatable about a first axis, and a second link rotatably coupled to the first link and defined with an end effector attaching portion. The first link of the first arm is disposed to be separated from the first link of the second arm in an extending direction of the first axis. Further, the second link of the first arm and the second link of the second arm are disposed so as to be located between the first link of the first arm and the first link of the second arm in the extending direction of the first axis and so that the end effector attaching portions are located at substantially the same position in the extending direction of the first axis.

Abstract: Apparatuses and systems for rotatably engaging an additive manufacturing build plate are disclosed. An apparatus may include: a height adjustable platform; a rotatable member coupled to the height adjustable platform; an alignment member coupled to a first end of the rotatable member; and first and second coupling members each extending from the first radial end of the alignment member wherein the first and second coupling members are oriented substantially parallel to the rotatable member.

Abstract: A robot module including a robot drive and a robot body, the robot body having a spacer rod, a robot head and at least one control arm, wherein a drive platform of the robot drive and an attachment group of the robot head are connected to each other via the spacer rod and the control arm, wherein the robot drive is configured to swivel the robot head by means of the spacer rod and the control arm, wherein an attachment surface of the attachment group comprises a first gravity center and an attachment surface of the drive platform comprises a second gravity center, and wherein the spacer rod is arranged in the first and the second gravity center.

Abstract: An apparatus having a member that revolves about a remote center of motion (RCM) and a base link coupled to a mounting fixture. A first and second link are pivotably coupled to the member at respective distances from the RCM and are translatable relative to the base link along a first direction, at a fixed ratio of displacement. The ratio of respective distances equals a fixed ratio of displacement. The apparatus has a translational motion generator for a first and second element along parallel opposing directions. The translational motion generator is disposed on the first link and enables motion parallel to the first direction. The base link is fixed in position, the first element is fixed to the base link and the second element is fixed to the second link, such that the first and second link may translate relative to the base link with fixed ratio of displacement.

Abstract: A robot system includes an end effector, a robot arm, and a controller. The end effector includes a pressure roller and a linear motion mechanism. The linear motion mechanism is configured to move the pressure roller with respect to a pressed surface. The robot arm is configured to support the end effector. The controller is configured to control the linear motion mechanism to move the pressure roller to make a pressing force of the pressure roller against the pressed surface approximately uniform.

Abstract: A robotic arm includes a driving unit, a first arm assembly connected to the driving unit, and a second arm assembly. The first arm includes two balls. The second arm assembly includes two arms and two intermediate members. Each intermediate member is secured to an end of one of the two arms. Each intermediate member defines a receiving recess. Each receiving recess has a spherical inner circumferential surface. Each ball is partially received in one of the two receiving recesses and abuts against the spherical inner circumferential surface. The two arms and the two intermediate members are capable of rotating about the balls. The driving unit drives the balls to move. The balls force the arms to move in a direction as a moving orientation of the balls, at the same time the arms rotating about the balls.

Abstract: A drive section for a substrate transport arm including a frame, at least one stator mounted within the frame, the stator including a first motor section and at least one stator bearing section and a coaxial spindle magnetically supported substantially without contact by the at least one stator bearing section, where each drive shaft of the coaxial spindle includes a rotor, the rotor including a second motor section and at least one rotor bearing section configured to interface with the at least one stator bearing section, wherein the first motor section is configured to interface with the second motor section to effect rotation of the spindle about a predetermined axis and the at least one stator bearing section is configured to effect at least leveling of a substrate transport arm end effector connected to the coaxial spindle through an interaction with the at least one rotor bearing section.

Abstract: A robotic surgery system comprises a mounting base, a plurality of surgical instruments, and an articulate support assembly. Each instrument is insertable into a patient through an associated minimally invasive aperture to a desired internal surgical site. The articulate support assembly movably supports the instruments relative to the base. The support generally comprises an orienting platform, a platform linkage movably supporting the orienting platform relative to the base, and a plurality of manipulators mounted to the orienting platform, wherein each manipulator movably supports an associated instrument.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus including a frame, a first SCARA arm connected to the frame, including an end effector, configured to extend and retract along a first radial axis; a second SCARA arm connected to the frame, including an end effector, configured to extend and retract along a second radial axis, the SCARA arms having a common shoulder axis of rotation; and a drive section coupled to the SCARA arms is configured to independently extend each SCARA arm along a respective radial axis and rotate each SCARA arm about the common shoulder axis of rotation where the first radial axis is angled relative to the second radial axis and the end effector of a respective arm is aligned with a respective radial axis, wherein each end effector is configured to hold at least one substrate and the end effectors are located on a common transfer plane.

Abstract: A bend sensor is used to determine force applied to a robotic arm. The force may be an external force applied to the arm, an internal actuation force, or both. In some aspects, a stiffening element is used to restore the arm to a minimum kinematic energy state. In other aspects, the stiffening element is eliminated, and the arm is fully actuated.

Abstract: A robot system according to embodiments includes a robot including an arm, and a work table. On the work table, an object used for work performed by the robot by using the arm is placed. The arm of the robot includes a first arm portion, a second arm portion, and a third arm portion. The first arm portion supports an end effector to be rotatable about a first rotation axis at a distal end thereof. The second arm portion supports a base end of the first arm portion to be swingable about a second rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the first rotation axis. The third arm portion supports a base end of the second arm portion to be swingable about a third rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the second rotation axis.

Abstract: A surgical system performs a surgical procedure on a patient with manipulators and an endoscope. The surgical system has a display unit for simultaneously displaying a plurality of items of information including an endoscopic image captured by the endoscope, and a wireless image processor for transmitting information to the display unit and processing the plurality of items of information to be displayed by the display unit. The information about the endoscopic image is transmitted from the endoscope to the wireless image processor through a link including at least a portion based on wireless communications.

Abstract: A robotic control method for a camera (30) having an optical view and a robot (40) having an end-effector (42) and one or more joints (41) for maneuvering end-effector (42). The robotic control method involves an acquisition of a digital video frame (32) illustrating an image as optically viewed by the camera (30), and an execution of a visual servoing for controlling a pose of end-effector (42) relative to an image feature within the digital video frame (32).

Abstract: A spherical coordinates manipulating mechanism for improving the utility of U.S. Pat. No. 8,579,714 B2 is provided. Four inner and outer arc-links are pivotally connected to the inner and outer frame respectively so as to carry out a three degrees-of-freedom steering motion. At least one effector arc-link set is selectively connected to the inner or outer frame so that the spherical coordinates manipulating mechanism can directly output force or torque.

Abstract: A method for operating a multi-limb manipulator which includes electric actuators assigned to manipulator limbs, control units assigned to the actuators, including: the provision of desired movement values for the actuator to an actuator dynamic model and the determination of an electric desired current value for the actuator, the transfer of the desired current value to a controller designed for outputting an actuator current to the actuator with the inclusion of the desired current value and of a measured actual current value and a measured actual position of the actuator, wherein a difference between the desired current value and the actual current value is determined as a required positional deviation, and wherein the positional deviation is added to the desired distance fed into the actuator dynamic model to facilitate a diversion movement of the manipulator limb operated by the actuator on the occurrence of an external disturbing force.

Abstract: A balancing mechanism for a robot configured for lifting heavy weights comprises a hollow balancing body comprising an opening; an elastic assembly received in the balancing body and a pulling rod assembly received in the balancing body and hinged to a robot arm of the robot. One end of the pulling rod assembly resists the elastic assembly, and another opposite end of the pulling rod assembly extends out from the balancing body through the opening, the pulling rod assembly is movably assembled with the balancing body via the elastic assembly to make the elastic assembly capable of producing a balancing moment against the gravity moment of the robot arm.

Abstract: A robot arm increases a plurality of arm sections that are turnably connected. The arm sections include a plurality of links and an actuator section that turns the plurality of links. The actuator section includes: a cylindrical cover provided on an outer surface; a motor that turns the plurality of links; a motor frame included in the motor; a reduction gear that decelerates rotation from the motor and outputs a torque; a collar fixed to the reduction gear; and a wire body including at least one of a wire and a pipe. At least a part of the wire body is housed between a surface including a first small body section formed by the motor frame and the collar and a surface including a second small body section of the cylindrical cover.

Abstract: A robotic control system is placed in clutch mode so that a slave manipulator holding a surgical instrument is temporarily disengaged from control by a master manipulator in order to allow manual positioning of the surgical instrument at a surgical site within a patient. Control systems implemented in a processor compensate for internally generated frictional and inertial resistance experienced during the positioning, thereby making movement more comfortable to the mover, and stabler from a control standpoint. Each control system drives a joint motor in the slave manipulator with a saturated torque command signal which has been generated to compensate for non-linear viscous forces, coulomb friction, cogging effects, and inertia forces subjected to the joint, using estimated joint angular velocities, accelerations and externally applied torques generated by an observer in the control system from sampled displacement measurements received from a sensor associated with the joint.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for using hieroglyphs for communication in a rapid fabrication environment. The method includes receiving, by a control system for an articulated robotic arm, one or more images of a fabrication machine build space. The method includes identifying, by the control system, a hieroglyph present in the one or more images and translating the identified hieroglyph into one or more instructions for manipulation of the articulated robotic arm. The method includes causing the articulated robotic arm to carry out the instructions translated from the identified hieroglyph. Accordingly foreign objects are inserted into fabricated objects during an automated rapid fabrication process without extensive redesign of the rapid fabrication machine. In some implementations, an unmodified third-party stereolithographic rapid fabrication machine can be used.

Abstract: A robotic carton unloader for automatic unloading of cartons from a carton pile. In various embodiments, a robotic carton unloader may comprise a mobile body, a movable robotic arm attached to the mobile body and comprising an end effector configured to unload a row of cartons in a side-by-side orientation from the carton pile, and a conveyor system mounted on the mobile body and configured to receive the row of cartons from the end effector in the side-by-side orientation. In various embodiments the conveyor system may comprise a front-end descrambler and a central descrambler coupled to the front-end descrambler. In various embodiments, the robotic arm may be configured to straddle at least a portion of the mobile body and at least a portion of the conveyor system such that the conveyor system conveys cartons from the carton pile through the robotic arm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to magnetically coupleable robotic surgical devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to robotic surgical devices that can be inserted into a patient's body and can be positioned within the patient's body using an external magnet.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an image photographing method makes it possible to photograph a moving object at a desired photographing position without increasing the size of an image to be processed. The image photographing method includes a first photographing step in which a camera controller carries out continuous photographing in a first image quality, an estimation calculation step for estimating a timing at which the object to be photographed passes through a predetermined desired position range on the basis of a plurality of positions of the object to be photographed, the plurality of positions being obtained from the images photographed by the camera controller in the first photographing step, and a second photographing step in which the camera controller carries out photographing at the passing timing in a second image quality finer than the first image quality.

Abstract: A robot apparatus 1 includes: a multi-articulated robot 2; and a controller 3 that drive-controls the multi-articulated robot 2 based on an input motion command. The controller 3 includes: a joint angle computing unit 32 that computes each joint angle command for driving the multi-articulated robot 2 based on the motion command; a servo controlling apparatus 30 that moves the multi-articulated robot 2 by rotationally driving each rotational joint based on the joint angle command computed by the joint angle computing unit 32; a singular point calculating unit 51 that calculates a distance between the multi-articulated robot 2 and a singular point of the multi-articulated robot 2; and a maximum joint angle deviation adjusting unit 52 that limits a maximum rotation speed of a rotational joint specified in advance based on a singular point type, if the singular point distance becomes smaller than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A bend sensor is used to determine force applied to a robotic arm. The force may be an external force applied to the arm, an internal actuation force, or both. In some aspects, a stiffening element is used to restore the arm to a minimum kinematic energy state. In other aspects, the stiffening element is eliminated, and the arm is fully actuated.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for reconfiguring a surgical manipulator by moving the manipulator within a null-space of a kinematic Jacobian of the manipulator arm. In one aspect, in response to receiving a reconfiguration command, the system drives a first set of joints and calculates velocities of the plurality of joints to be within a null-space. The joints are driven according to the reconfiguration command and the calculated movement so as to maintain a desired state of the end effector or a remote center about which an instrument shaft pivots. In another aspect, the joints are also driven according to a calculated end effector or remote center displacing velocities within a null-perpendicular-space of the Jacobian so as to effect the desired reconfiguration concurrently with a desired movement of the end effector or remote center.

Abstract: Robotic platform for mini-invasive surgery comprising robotic arms (4a, 4b) suitable to be placed in the body of a patient, introduced through a single access port, which are an extension of external robotic manipulators (19). The continuity between external (1) and internal (4a, 4b) robotic arms is guaranteed by means of a trans-abdominal magnetic connection (6) between the internal robotic arm integral with the external one. The trans-abdominal magnetic coupling not only guarantees a stable anchoring, but most of all it transfers degrees of freedom to the internal robotic arms, inducing the motion of internal magnets by means of the automatized motion of external magnets. It is also possible to reposition the internal robotic arms without requiring having to additionally perform incisions on the abdomen. Using the external robotic arms allows translating the internal ones on the entire abdomen thus providing a working space not bound to the point of insertion and theoretically unlimited.

Abstract: An articulated instrument is controllably movable between areas of different work space limits, such as when it is extendable out of and retractable into a guide tube. To avoid abrupt transitions in joint actuations as the joint moves between areas of different work space limits, a controller limits error feedback used to control its movement. To provide smooth joint control as the instrument moves between areas of different work space limits, the controller imposes barrier and ratcheting constraints on each directly actuatable joint of the instrument when the joint is commanded to cross between areas of different work space limits.

Abstract: A parallel robot includes a movable-section drive mechanism, and a wrist-section drive mechanism. The wrist section includes a first rotary member supported on the movable section and rotatable about a fourth rotation axis different from axes of the three-axis translational motion of the movable section, a second rotary member connected to the first rotary member and rotatable about a fifth rotation axis orthogonal to the fourth rotation axis, and a third rotary member connected to the second rotary member and rotatable about a sixth rotation axis orthogonal to the fifth rotation axis. The third rotary member is provided with an attachment surface to which a tool is attached. The attachment surface is inclined with respect to the sixth rotation axis at a predetermined angle.

Abstract: Disclosed is an underwater exploration system using a multi-joint underwater robot having a novel complex movement concept in which the multi-joint underwater robot moves through walking or swimming with multi-joint legs closely to a seafloor, differently from a conventional underwater robot to obtain a thrust through a propeller scheme. The underwater exploration system includes the multi-joint underwater robot having the complex movement function according, a depressor, and a mother ship to store data of an underwater state transmitted from the multi-joint underwater robot and to monitor and control a movement direction of the multi-joint underwater robot. The depressor is connected to the mother ship through a primary cable, the multi-joint underwater robot is connected to the depressor through a second cable, and resistance force of the primary cable is applied to the depressor without being transmitted to the multi-joint underwater robot.

Abstract: An operational space control solution is provided for rigid-body dynamical systems such as humanoid or legged robots. The solution includes an operational space controller that decomposes rigid body dynamics into task space dynamics and null space dynamics. Then, for systems that are fully actuated and have constraints, the controller provides control signals defining task space torques and null space torques for each actuator (e.g., a motor for a rotary joint between two rigid links). In some embodiments, a minimum torque vector is determined such that the controller is a minimum-torque operational space controller. For systems that are underactuated, task and null space dynamics are again considered, and underactuation is addressed by using null space forces to indirectly apply torque at passive degrees of freedom such as at active joints to create task-irrelevant motion that moves passive joints to facilitate task performance by the robot or rigid-body dynamical system.

Abstract: A robot wrist structure includes a first wrist arm rotatable about a first axis, a second wrist arm provided in a tip end portion of the first wrist arm and configured to swing about a second axis substantially intersecting the first axis, a wrist flange provided in a tip end portion of the second wrist arm and configured to rotate about a third axis in a skew position with respect to the second axis, an intermediate member fixed to the wrist flange, and a cable bundle connected to an end effector fixed to the intermediate member. The cable bundle extends through the second wrist arm, the wrist flange and the intermediate member and drawn out from the intermediate member to reach the end effector.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibration of a robot on a platform and a robot, in relation to an object using a measuring unit mounted on the robot including placing CAD models so that the robot reaches the object, manipulating the CAD models to move the measuring unit to a pose in relation to the platform allowing measurement of a feature on the object, storing the pose, and generating a CAD model of the feature. The real robot is moved to the pose, the real platform is moved where measurements of the feature can be made, 3D measurements of the feature are performed and based thereon generating a second CAD model, performing a best fit between the CAD models, and calculating a 6 degrees of freedom pose difference between the CAD models, and instructing the mobile platform to move to compensate for the pose difference.

Abstract: A method for operating a system including at least two robots for handling parts and a robot control unit arranged for control of said at least two robots. Each of the robots is arranged with a parts handler device including a rigid arm with one end connected to the end element of an arm of the robot by a first swivel arranged for radial movement of the rigid arm in relation to the end element. Each of the robots is also arranged with a gripper connected to the rigid arm by a second swivel arranged for free, passive rotation of the gripper in relation to the rigid arm. The method includes generating instructions for the at least two robots to pick and/or move and/or place a part and sending the instructions to each robot simultaneously.

Abstract: A robot system according to embodiments includes a position command generating unit that corrects a position command of a motor based on a rotation angle of the motor, which drives a link of a robot via a speed reducer, and a rotation angle of an output shaft of the speed reducer.

Abstract: Robot apparatus, substrate transport systems, and methods are described. The robot apparatus and systems are adapted to efficiently put or pick substrates at a destination by rotating a boom linkage to a position adjacent to the destination and then actuating robot assemblies to put or pick the substrates at the destination. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: The robotic system for the removal of bolts from haulage truck wheels is comprised mainly of an anthropomorphous robotic manipulator of at least 5 degrees of freedom (1), with a system for tightening and removal (2) which allows taking bolts from a drawer rack (3) located on a mobile equipment (4). The operator indicates the beginning of the operations as well as the key positions for the activity development. The reposition of new bolts and the relocation of the mobile system is presently carried out by the operator. In this regard, most of the major problems associated to the safety of the personnel and a decreasing of availability are eliminated.

Abstract: Robots, computer program products, and methods for trajectory plan optimization are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of controlling a robot having a first manipulator and a second manipulator includes receiving a trajectory plan including a plurality of sequential motion segments. The method further includes determining a moveable motion segment, and shifting the moveable motion segment and motion segments subsequent to the moveable motion segment backward in time to a shifted time such that one or more unshifted segments of the trajectory plan occur at a same time as one or more shifted segment segments. The method may further include controlling the robot according to the optimized trajectory plan such that one or more components of the first manipulator are moved concurrently with one or more components of the second manipulator.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for using hieroglyphs for communication in a rapid fabrication environment. The method includes receiving, by a control system for an articulated robotic arm, one or more images of a fabrication machine build space. The method includes identifying, by the control system, a hieroglyph present in the one or more images and translating the identified hieroglyph into one or more instructions for manipulation of the articulated robotic arm. The method includes causing the articulated robotic arm to carry out the instructions translated from the identified hieroglyph. Accordingly foreign objects are inserted into fabricated objects during an automated rapid fabrication process without extensive redesign of the rapid fabrication machine. In some implementations, an unmodified third-party stereolithographic rapid fabrication machine can be used.

Abstract: A robotic surgery system comprises a mounting base, a plurality of surgical instruments, and an articulate support assembly. Each instrument is insertable into a patient through an associated minimally invasive aperture to a desired internal surgical site. The articulate support assembly movably supports the instruments relative to the base. The support generally comprises an orienting platform, a platform linkage movably supporting the orienting platform relative to the base, and a plurality of manipulators mounted to the orienting platform, wherein each manipulator movably supports an associated instrument.

Abstract: A steerable multi-linked device may include a first multi-linked mechanism and a second multi-linked mechanism. At least one of the first multi-linked mechanism and the second multi-linked mechanism may include a first link, a plurality of intermediate links, a second link movably coupled to a second one of the intermediate links and a reinforcing member. A first one of the intermediate links may be movably coupled to the first link, and the reinforcing member may extend from a first end of a third one of the intermediate links toward a second end of the third one of the intermediate links.

Abstract: A jointed arm has an upper arm member joined to a second shoulder member, a first forearm member joined to the upper arm member by a first bending and stretching mechanism, and a wrist member joined to the first forearm member by a second bending and stretching mechanism, the first forearm member has a first turning mechanism that rotates the second bending and stretching mechanism, a hand section is joined to the wrist member by a second turning mechanism, and the rotation axes of the first and second turning mechanisms are offset. The upper arm member has a housing recessed portion that houses part of the first forearm member, part of the first turning mechanism, and part of the second bending and stretching mechanism in a state in which the first forearm member bends toward the upper arm member and the wrist member bends toward the first forearm member.

Abstract: A master-slave manipulator includes a remote manipulation device, a slave manipulator, and a control unit. The remote manipulation device as a master gives an operating command corresponding to a plurality of degrees of freedom. The slave manipulator includes a plurality of joints corresponding to the degrees of freedom. The slave manipulator includes a redundant joint among the joints. The control unit controls operations of the joints in accordance with the operating command. The control unit calculates an orientation change of the remote manipulation device from the operating command at predetermined time intervals and selects and drives one of the joints in redundancy relationship among the joints in accordance with the orientation change.

Abstract: A device for transmitting movements comprising a parallel kinematics transmission structure adapted to provide at least one degree of freedom including three translational degrees of freedom, the parallel kinematics transmission structure further comprising a base member (2), a moveable member (4), and at least one parallel kinematics chain (6) coupling the base member (2) and the moveable member (4), each parallel kinematics chain (6) having a first arm (8) moveable in a movement plane wherein the movement planes are at a distance to a symmetry axis (40), and each parallel kinematics chain (6) comprising a second arm (10) coupled to the moveable member (4), wherein a first end (18) of the second arm (10) is adapted to be coupled to the first arm (8) and a second end (16) of the second arm (10) is adapted to be coupled to the moveable member (4).

Abstract: Substrate transport systems, apparatus and methods are described. The systems are adapted to efficiently put or pick substrates at a destination by rotating a boom linkage to a position adjacent to the destination and then actuating a robot assembly to put or pick the substrate at the destination. Numerous other aspects are provided.