Abstract: An apparatus (300) for suspending air bubbles in a fluid path of a fluid injector system includes an internal chamber (320) having a curved interior wall (322) defined within the housing (310), an inlet fluid pathway in fluid communication with the internal chamber, and an outlet fluid pathway in fluid communication with the internal chamber. The inlet fluid pathway extending into the chamber at a tangent to the curved interior wall, and the outlet fluid pathway spaced from the inlet fluid pathway such that fluid flowing into the internal chamber via the inlet fluid pathway is directed away from the outlet fluid pathway. The internal chamber is configured to create an internal fluid vortex in an injection fluid entering the internal chamber from the inlet fluid pathway, and wherein the internal fluid vortex at least temporarily suspends air bubbles in the fluid in the internal vortex and delays the passage of the air bubbles to the outlet fluid pathway.

Abstract: A washer and dryer combination appliance including a housing, a drum positioned in the housing, and a dynamic, expandable seal positioned between the drum and the housing. A laundry compartment inside the drum is accessible through openings in the front of the housing and drum. The drum has a rear wall with perforations that permit air to flow into the laundry compartment. An air gap is located between the rear of the housing and the rear wall of the drum. The dynamic, expandable seal, is actuatable between a retracted position and an extended position. In the extended position, the dynamic, expandable seal extends across the air gap to direct airflow through the perforations in the rear wall of the drum. In the retracted position, the dynamic, expandable seal is spaced away from the drum and therefore does not add any drag on the drum as the drum rotates.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment apparatus is disclosed. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a gas/liquid reactor contacting a treatment liquid and an emission-regulated gas included in exhaust gas, to absorb and remove the emission-regulated gas; a treatment liquid supply tank supplying the treatment liquid to the gas/liquid reactor; and a gas/liquid separation treatment liquid regeneration unit regenerating a waste treatment liquid in which the emission-regulated gas is absorbed, into a treatment liquid in which the emission-regulated gas is not absorbed, and supplying the regenerated treatment liquid to the treatment liquid supply tank, wherein the gas/liquid separation treatment liquid regeneration unit includes a gas/liquid separation membrane through which a gas can pass but a liquid cannot pass.

Abstract: Methods of and apparatus for monitoring the health of a fuel oxygen conversion unit for a vehicle or a vehicle engine are provided. For example, a method comprises providing a distribution of sensed values obtained from a plurality of sensors distributed along an axial length of a gas oxygen reduction unit of the fuel oxygen conversion unit and determining the health of the fuel oxygen conversion unit from the distribution. As another example, a fuel oxygen conversion unit defines a circulation gas flowpath from a fuel gas separator to a contactor and comprises a gas oxygen reduction unit positioned in the circulation gas flowpath for reducing an oxygen content of a flow of stripping gas through the circulation gas flowpath. A plurality of sensors are distributed along an axial length of the gas oxygen reduction unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to portable liquid supply device, mainly for water from central and other sources or for suspensions, for example pharmaceutical products and nutrient liquids. The invention can be used in household, outdoors, in the garden plots, in health care institutions, for example, for patients with dysphagia, as the source of purified drinking water or nutrient liquids, which go to a patient easily. Liquid supply device, includes raw liquid vessel, pressure generating means, liquid treating unit, comprising a lid, liquid supply means, liquid treating element and raw liquid inlet element, characterized in that is configured to supply treated liquid in portions from 5 to 100 ml, with velocity 0.5 to 10 ml/sec.

Abstract: A separator for removing contamination from a fluid of a heat pump includes a housing having a hollow interior, a header plate arranged within the hollow interior and having at least one mounting hole, and a separation module mounted within the hollow interior. The separation module includes a connector for forming an interface with the at least one mounting hole. A sealant is located at the interface between the connector and the mounting hole.

Abstract: A method for aliquoting a sample liquid using a sealing liquid in a microfluidic device includes combining the sample liquid and the sealing liquid, which have different wetting behaviors, to form a two-phase system separated by a boundary surface. The microfluidic device includes a chamber with at least one inlet channel for introducing the liquids and a plurality of cavities configured to be filled via the inlet channel. The inlet channel and the cavities have a geometry that is defined in dependence on the respective wetting behaviors of the sample liquid and the sealing liquid. The method first includes introducing the sample liquid to form a first meniscus configured by the defined geometry, e.g. concave, to fill the cavities. The method further includes introducing the sealing liquid to form a second meniscus configured by the existing, greater contact angle and the defined geometry, e.g. convex, to cover the filled cavities.

Abstract: An inline microgravity air trap device includes an elongate air trap chamber, the air trap chamber having a blind end, an opposite air outlet end containing a gas egress opening, a fluid inlet port connecting to a pressurized fluid supply, a fluid outlet port connecting the air trap chamber to a fluid delivery destination, a filter forming a tube having an interior, a first end at the blind end of the air trap chamber and a second end at the gas egress opening, and a structural insert in the interior of the tube, having a first insert end located at the blind end, and a second insert end located the air outlet end, where the chamber is formed to direct fluid from the pressurized fluid supply to accelerate centrifugally around the filter, forcing gas contained in the fluid to pass through the filter into the interior of the tube.

Abstract: The degassing device includes a degassing flow path, a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pump, an inlet flow path, an outlet flow path, a drain flow path, a downstream side switching unit, and a controller. The degassing flow path is made of a gas-permeable, liquid-impermeable tube, and is accommodated in the vacuum chamber. The inlet flow path is for introducing a mobile phase to the degassing flow path, and the outlet flow path is for causing a mobile phase which has passed through the degassing flow path to flow out. The drain flow path is provided separately from the outlet flow path and is configured to drain the mobile phase in the degassing flow path from the degassing flow path. The downstream side switching unit is configured to switch the downstream end of the degassing flow path so as to be connected to either the outlet flow path or the drain flow path.

Abstract: A hydraulic and pneumatic control circuit for a turbojet, a main hydraulic line having an oil/fuel heat exchanger with a function of transferring heat from the oil flowing in an oil circuit of the turbojet to the fuel flowing in the main hydraulic line, the circuit having a first hydraulic line for feeding fuel to a combustion chamber of the turbojet, a second hydraulic line for feeding fuel to one or more actuators for controlling variable geometry equipment, each actuator being fed with fuel via an electrohydraulic servovalve, a pneumatic line for feeding air to a pneumatic control member for bleed valves of a compressor and a blade tip clearance control valve of a turbine of the turbojet, and a fuel/air heat exchanger positioned on the second hydraulic line upstream from the hydraulic servovalve and on the pneumatic line upstream from the pneumatic control member.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring pressure within a fluid path includes a housing defining the structure of the apparatus. The housing includes a fluid path that extends through the housing and allows a fluid to pass through the housing. The apparatus also includes a first volume chamber that is in fluid communication with the fluid path and has a first volume chamber opening, and a second volume chamber with a second volume chamber opening that is less than the first volume chamber opening. A diaphragm separates the first volume chamber from the second volume chamber and fluidly disconnects the second volume chamber from the fluid path. The diaphragm deforms based upon the pressure within the fluid path. The apparatus also includes an interface that is connectable to a pressure sensor, and the second volume chamber is in fluid communication with the interface.

Abstract: A dirt collector that includes a housing and an air-permeable filter media extending from the housing such that the filter media and housing at least partially define a collection volume.

Abstract: An adsorbent breather assembly for filtering contaminants such as particulars and vapor phase contaminants, e.g. volatile organic compounds, for use with electronic devices can include a blocking region adjacent to the adsorbent filter layer to improve filtering performance.

Abstract: A membrane contactor for separating components from a feed gas stream comprises a housing, a feed gas inlet for receiving the feed gas stream at a first pressure, and a liquid inlet or receiving a stream of liquid at a second pressure, the liquid containing an absorbent for reacting components of the gas stream and a slip gas outlet. The contactor also includes a plurality of fibers with pore channels in contact with the feed gas incoming from the gas inlet on a first side, and in contact with liquid incoming from the liquid inlet on a second side, producing a gas-liquid interface at the pore channels. Liquid is prevented from wetting the pore channels by maintaining the first pressure of the gas stream higher than the liquid stream, and a portion of the gas stream bubbles through as slip gas into the liquid stream due to the elevated pressure.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for taking mitigating action where a canister purge valve configured to control an amount of fuel vapors inducted into the engine during purging operations of a fuel vapor storage canister, is indicated as being degraded. In one example, a method comprises controlling an amount of pressure directed to a fuel tank and the fuel vapor storage canister via a pump positioned downstream of the fuel tank and canister to actively route fuel vapors to the canister during a refueling event. In this way, fuel vapors may be prevented from being routed to engine intake under conditions of a degraded canister purge valve, which may reduce opportunity for vehicle stall, improve driveability, and which may reduce release of undesired evaporative emissions to atmosphere.

Abstract: An inline microgravity air trap device includes an elongate air trap chamber, the air trap chamber having a blind end, an opposite air outlet end containing a gas egress opening, a fluid inlet port connecting to a pressurized fluid supply, a fluid outlet port connecting the air trap chamber to a fluid delivery destination, a filter forming a tube having an interior, a first end at the blind end of the air trap chamber and a second end at the gas egress opening, and a structural insert in the interior of the tube, having a first insert end located at the blind end, and a second insert end located the air outlet end, where the chamber is formed to direct fluid from the pressurized fluid supply to accelerate centrifugally around the filter, forcing gas contained in the fluid to pass through the filter into the interior of the tube.

Abstract: A valve assembly (50) comprising a three-way connector (51) operatively interconnecting: an inlet (58), an outlet (56) and a vent (66), the inlet (58) being operatively connectable, in use, to an aspirator tube; the outlet (56) being operatively connectable, in use, to a syringe (82); and the vent (66) comprising a one-way valve (70) permitting, in use, the flow of a fluid out of the three-way connector (51), wherein the inlet (58) comprises a receptacle (60) containing a porous or perforated element (62) which, when dry, permits the flow of gasses into the three-way connector (51), but which when wetted by a liquid, inhibits or prevents the flow of liquid into the three-way connector (51).

Abstract: An ostomy appliance includes a filter construction coupled to an ostomy bag. The filter construction has a pre-filter defined by an outside perimeter, a first cut-out formed through the pre-filter and a separate second cut-out formed through the pre-filter with the second cut-out separated from the first cut-out by a portion of the pre-filter. A deodorizing filter is inserted into the first cut-out.

Abstract: A fuel inlet 10 includes a fuel inlet body 11 that is formed of resin including a reception pipe portion 20, a filler pipe connection pipe portion 30, a breather pipe connection pipe portion 40, and a fluid introduction portion 60. The reception pipe portion 60 receives a fuel nozzle 3. The filler pipe connection pipe portion 30 is located on a lower side of the reception pipe portion 20 and is connected to a filler pipe 31. The breather pipe connection pipe portion 40 is located on an upper side of the reception pipe portion 20 and is connected to a breather pipe 41. The fluid introduction portion 20 causes foamed fluid to flow along an inner wall surface of the reception pipe portion 20 while liquefying the foamed fluid, the foamed fluid flowing from the breather pipe connection pipe portion 40 to the reception pipe portion 20.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying a gas comprising: a) feeding the gas (1) to an absorber (5) and bringing into contact said gas (1) with a stream (3) (or alternatively (3?)) to obtain a liquid (4) and a purified gas stream (2); b) feeding the liquid (4) to a conditioning tank (9) and adding a mineral nutrient medium (6) and a suitable amount of base (7) to the liquid (4) to obtain a liquid effluent (8); c) feeding the liquid effluent (8) to an anaerobic bioreactor (14) to obtain a biomethane stream (11) and a liquid stream (12); d) feeding the liquid stream (12) to a degasser (20) to obtain a gas stream (18) and a stream (3?); and e) recirculating the stream (3?) by feeding it to the absorber (5).

Abstract: A steam permselective membrane containing a crosslinked hydrophilic polymer is provided. The steam permselective membrane may further contain at least one alkali metal compound selected from the group consisting of a cesium compound, a potassium compound and a rubidium compound.

Abstract: A container for storing a medical or pharmaceutical liquid comprising a storage compartment for storing the liquid comprising, an inlet opening for filling the storage compartment and an outlet opening for discharging liquid out of the storage compartment is presented. A hydrophilic membrane layer is arranged within the storage compartment which is gas-tight in a wet condition and which at least covers the outlet opening and contacts the liquid stored within the storage compartment. A dosing assembly and a device for automated release of a medical or pharmaceutical liquid comprising and/or capable of using at least one container are also disclosed.

Abstract: An aircraft fuel deoxygenation and tank inerting system includes an inert gas source, a fuel deoxygenation system, and an air/fuel heat exchanger. The inert gas source is configured to supply inert gas having an oxygen concentration of less than 3%. The fuel deoxygenation system is adapted to receive fuel from a fuel source and the inert gas from the inert gas source. The fuel deoxygenation system is configured to remove oxygen from the fuel and thereby generate and supply deoxygenated fuel and oxygen-rich purge gas. The air/fuel heat exchanger is adapted to receive compressed air from a compressed air source and the deoxygenated fuel from the fuel deoxygenation system. The air/fuel heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat from the compressed air to the deoxygenated fuel, to thereby supply cooled compressed air and heated deoxygenated fuel.

Abstract: An ostomy appliance comprising a pouch and a filter construction is provided. The filter construction has a first and second foil layer to provide an enclosure for the elements in the filter construction. The filter construction is attached inside the pouch so that the filter construction is free-hanging inside the pouch. The two foil layers may be generally parallel with the walls of the ostomy bag. The foil layers are provided with numerous holes functioning as gas-inlets for the filter construction. The filter construction includes a pre-filter element and a deodorizing filter. A method for collecting discharge as well as an ostomy appliance is provided. A method for reducing the number of balloonings and an ostomy appliance for reducing the number of balloonings is also provided. A method of increasing the time to ballooning as well as an ostomy appliance for increasing the time to ballooning is also provided.

Abstract: The degasser can have a degassing membrane that can be constructed from non-porous silica. The degassing membrane can be highly permeable to carbon dioxide but less permeable oxygen or nitrogen gases. Pressure in the dialysate and the degasser can be controlled in order to control the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in dialysate leaving the degasser. The degassing membrane may be placed in a degassing module in a dialysate flow path to remove dissolved carbon dioxide from the dialysate.

Abstract: A composite membrane for separations includes a fabric with a non-woven array of intermingled carbon nanotubes, and a dopant incorporated with the fabric to form a non-porous, permeable composite. The composite membrane may be used to separate a target gas from a liquid by mounting the composite membrane in a housing chamber, and conditioning a permeate side of the chamber to establish a driving force for the target gas across the non-porous, permeable composite membrane.

Abstract: A composite fluid separation membrane includes a separation layer on a porous support layer where the separation layer comprises a cross-linked polysiloxane copolyether.

Abstract: A ventilation member (10) includes an air-permeable membrane (2), a support body (4), a cover body (6), and a column portion (8). The support body (4) has a through hole (14) serving as an air passage. The through hole (14) includes (a) a first portion (14a) having a relatively large inner diameter and (b) a second portion (14b) having a relatively small inner diameter. An annular ridge portion (12) is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the support body (4) along a circumferential direction of the support body (4). When the housing (20) has a nozzle opening portion (22), the ventilation member (10) is attached to the housing (20) by inserting the nozzle opening portion 22 into the support body 4. When the housing (20) has a recess opening portion (24), the ventilation member (10) is attached to the housing (20) by fitting the support body (4) into the recess opening portion (24).

Abstract: A planar degasser comprises (1) a flow plate comprising a flow channel, (2) a planar separation membrane comprising a membrane transmission section which has a first major surface and a second major surface, the flow channel being at least in part bounded by the first major surface of the membrane transmission section, (3) a supporting member which supports the second major surface of the membrane transmission section when the pressure on the first major surface is greater than the pressure on the second major surface, and (4) structural features which enable liquid to flow through the flow channel when the pressure on the first major surface is equal to or less than the pressure on the second major surface, for example when there is no longer a vacuum on the second major surface of the membrane transmission section.

Abstract: A blood storage system. The system has a collection bag for red blood cells; an oxygen/carbon dioxide depletion device; a storage bag for red blood cells; and tubing connecting the collection bag to the depletion device and the depletion device to the storage bag. The depletion device includes a receptacle of a solid material having an inlet and an outlet adapted to receiving and expelling a flushing gas; a plurality of hollow fibers or gas-permeable films extending within the receptacle from an entrance to an exit thereof. The hollow fibers or gas-permeable films are adapted to receiving and conveying red blood cells.

Abstract: A tank venting filter is provided with a housing defining a longitudinal filter axis that is vertically oriented in operation. The housing has a top end and a bottom end and is provided with an air inlet at the bottom end and with an air outlet at the top end. The air outlet is connectable to a tank. The housing is provided with a constriction above the air inlet. A filter element is disposed in the housing and fluidically arranged between the air inlet and the air outlet. The filter element is provided with a first filter. The constriction has an opening cross-section surface area that is less than 40% of an opening cross-section surface area of the air inlet.

Abstract: This composite hollow fiber membrane comprises a gas-permeable non-porous homogeneous layer which has a polyolefin resin (A) as the main component and a porous support layer which is made of a polyolefin resin (B) and which supports said non-porous homogeneous layer, and the composite hollow fiber membrane is characterized in that the polyolefin resin (A) of non-porous homogeneous layer is a block copolymer of ethylene units and at least one type of olefin unit selected from ?-olefin units having a carbon number of 3-20. By this means, a gas-permeable composite hollow fiber membrane is provided which has good gas permeability, reduces the impact of condensate on the performance of a gas dissolving module, and has excellent elution properties.

Abstract: A blood filter device comprising: a housing comprising an outer wall and a first inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet; a membrane which is capable of separating plasma from the blood, wherein the membrane forms an inner chamber; a leukocyte and oxygen and/or carbon dioxide depletion media disposed wherein the inner chamber, the leukocyte and oxygen and/or carbon dioxide depletion media is capable of depleting leukocytes and oxygen and/or carbon dioxide from the blood; an outer chamber disposed between the outer wall and the membrane, wherein the plasma which permeates through the membrane enters the outer chamber and exits the filter device via the first outlet; whereby the blood which has been depleted of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide, leukocytes and plasma exists and filter device via the second outlet.

Abstract: A water-proof air-permeable filter (1) includes: a resin film (2) having formed therein a plurality of through pores (21); and a treated layer (3) having hydrophobicity and oil repellency, and formed on at least one of both surfaces in the thickness direction of the resin film (2) such that the treated layer (3) has openings (31) at positions corresponding to the through pores (21). The through pores (21) each have a predetermined size larger than or equal to 0.01 ?m and smaller than or equal to 10 ?m, and are uniformly distributed such that a density of the through pores falls within specific limits included in a range from 10 to 1×108 pores/mm2.

Abstract: A system and method for passive capture of ammonia in an ammonia-containing liquid effluent. The invention allows for the passage of ammonia through microporous hydrophobic gas-permeable membranes and its capture in a circulated stripping solution with concomitant production of a concentrated non-volatile ammonium salt.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward spiral wound modules along with methods for making and using the same. Several embodiments are described including methods for making spiral wound filtration modules using membrane sheet provided from a roll, wherein the membrane sheet is unrolled and assembled in a direction parallel to the permeate collection tube of the module.

Abstract: A device for degassing aqueous media has a first container containing medium to be degassed. A first line connects the first container to a degassing module and a second line connects the degassing module to a second container for receiving the degassed medium. A first non-return valve in the first line prevents backflow from the degassing module to the first container. A hydrophilic membrane in the second line prevents the passage of gas, and a branch between the degassing module and the hydrophilic membrane has a hydrophobic degassing filter for letting out gas. A third line is connected to the first line between the first container and the first non-return valve and to the second line between the second container and the hydrophilic membrane. A second non-return valve in the third line between the first non-return valve and the hydrophilic membrane prevents a flow towards the second container.

Abstract: This composite hollow fiber membrane comprises a non-porous homogeneous layer which is gas-permeable and a porous support layer which supports said homogeneous layer, and is characterized in that the non-porous homogeneous layer is hydrophobic and the polyolefin resin constituting the porous support layer contains a hydrophilic additive. By this means, a composite hollow fiber membrane for use in degassing can be provided that is hydrophilic, has high water vapor permeability, and can solve the problem of gas permeability being reduced due to condensate in the porous substance.

Abstract: An emissions device for use with a container assembly with a vent opening is provided. The emissions device includes a housing configured to be mounted to the container. The housing includes a backing plate that has at least one opening. A membrane is supported by the backing plate and extends over the opening. The membrane is configured to allow passage of vapor and prevent passage of liquid. A filter is located within the housing such that vapor that passes from the at least one opening through the membrane then passes through the filter. At least one spring is positioned within the housing and is configured to compress the filter.

Abstract: A multi-cartridge membrane contactor that can be used for many purposes, including, but not limited to, being a multi-cartridge degassing module. In accordance with at least particular certain embodiments, the module includes a plurality of hollow-fiber cartridges placed in a radial pattern around a central cartridge within a single larger vessel. For example, there may be two radial sets of cartridges placed in series at each of the radial positions.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a bubble removal apparatus includes a bubble adsorption unit and a bubble discharge unit. The bubble adsorption unit adsorbs bubbles in a liquid in a container filled with the liquid. The bubble discharge unit discharges bubbles from the container. The bubble adsorption unit includes a mesh structure. In the mesh structure, linear members are combined in a grid-like pattern. The mesh structure is configured by using the linear members including a charging member that can be charged positively.

Abstract: Apparatus, and components for use in apparatus, for changing the concentration of a selected gas in a liquid, for example for degassing liquids. In one apparatus, the apparatus has a flow channel (a) through which the liquid is passed, and (b) which comprises a wall comprising a planar separation membrane, and (c) has a height of 0.00025-0.01 and an aspect ratio (width to height) of at least 25:1. One component, which can be used to support a separation membrane, comprises (a) an inner selection plate surface which comprises (i) a selection plate base and (ii) selection plate elements which (a) extend from the base, (b) are separated by intercommunicating selection areas, and (c) have outer surfaces remote from the selection plate base.

Abstract: A valve apparatus for use in an interior of a fuel tank, a fuel tank including the valve apparatus, and a motor vehicle including the fuel tank. The valve apparatus includes a substantially flat housing defining a channel between an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice, and a membrane arranged to seal the channel. The membrane is configured to be impermeable to liquid fuel and permeable to fuel vapor.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a hydrophobic membrane assembly (28) used within a gas-generating apparatus. Hydrogen is separated from the reaction solution by passing through a hydrophobic membrane assembly (28) having a hydrophobic lattice like member (36) disposed within a hydrogen output composite (32) further enhancing the ability of the hydrogen output composite's ability to separate out hydrogen gas and prolonging its useful life.

Abstract: A composite membrane for separations includes a fabric with a non-woven array of intermingled carbon nanotubes, and a dopant incorporated with the fabric to form a non-porous, permeable composite. The composite membrane may be used to separate a target gas from a liquid by mounting the composite membrane in a housing chamber, and conditioning a permeate side of the chamber to establish a driving force for the target gas across the non-porous, permeable composite membrane.

Abstract: To absorb a volatile substance from a gas phase in a liquid absorbent, the gas phase is brought into contact with a film of an absorbent which comprises an ionic liquid and a wetting-promoting additive. The process can be used in absorption refrigerating machines.

Abstract: A degassing module is adapted for degassing a liquidous fluid at relatively high throughput flow rates. The degassing module includes a tubular separation membrane that is helically wound within an interior chamber of a degassing module housing. The helically wound tubular separation membrane is disposed in an axial flow gap of predetermined proportions that maximizes fluid flow dynamics in reducing the gas transport resistance from the liquid phase across the membrane. Typically, the helically wound tubular separation membrane is positioned in the gap with radial spacings to surfaces bounding the gap, thereby forming axial flow channels circumaxially inwardly and/or outwardly of the wound tubular membrane.

Abstract: A holding tank cover includes a gas permeable insulating membrane and a gas impermeable cover layer sized to overlay and conceal the gas permeable membrane. Together, the gas permeable membrane and the gas impermeable cover layer facilitate a controlled transmission of gas between an interior of the holding tank and an environment external to the holding tank.

Abstract: One aspect of the present teachings includes a separation membrane arranged in a hollow case. A particular component concentration chamber and a particular component dilution chamber are arranged in series in the hollow case. The particular component concentration chamber is capable of increasing concentration of the particular component by allowing permeation of the particular gas through the separation membrane. The particular component dilution chamber is capable of increasing concentration of the particular component by not allowing permeation of the particular gas through the separation membrane. The particular component concentration chamber and the particular component dilution chamber are configured such that only a gas containing the particular component and permeated through the separation membrane or only a gas containing the particular component not permeated through the separation membrane in one of the chambers disposed on an upstream side (i.e.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for purifying a process water, which can comprise providing a process water comprising a first concentration of a first dissolved gas and a first concentration of a first dissolved ion, filtering the process water to create a filtered process water comprising a second concentration of the first dissolved gas, and evaporating the filtered process water to create a water vapor comprising a second concentration of the first dissolved ion that is less than the first concentration of the first dissolved ion.