Abstract: Apparatus and method for transducing data from a ferroelectric data storage medium using high frequency read modulation. In accordance with some embodiments, a ferroelectric data transducer has a write electrode, a doped semiconductor layer with a source, a drain and a channel therebetween, and an insulating layer disposed between the channel and the write electrode. A write circuit applies a time varying write signal at a first frequency to the write electrode to write a corresponding sequence of data bits to an adjacent ferroelectric data storage medium. A read circuit reads the sequence of data bits from the data storage medium by applying a time varying read signal at a higher, second frequency to the write electrode and detecting changes in electrical resistance of the channel.

Abstract: An arrangement, a method and a system to read information stored in a layer of ferroelectric media.

Abstract: A probe (100) is provided with: a head portion (130) including a projection (110) with its tip facing a medium (20); a return electrode (150) for returning thereto an electric field applied from the projection; a first wire (120a) extending in predetermined one direction so as to be connected to the projection; and a second wire (120b) extending in another direction different from the one direction so as to be connected to said return electrode.