Barberry Patents (Class PLT/241)
  • Berberis plant named 'SMBTJ'
    Publication number: 20190116703
    Abstract: A new and distinct Berberis cultivar named ‘SMBTJ’ is disclosed, characterized by yellow young foliage with an orange flush. Plants have foliar resistance to sun burn and are compact and rounded in habit. The new variety is a Berberis, normally produced as an outdoor garden or container plant.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 16, 2017
    Publication date: April 18, 2019
    Inventor: Timothy Wood
  • BERBERIS PLANT NAMED 'SMBTM'
    Publication number: 20190116702
    Abstract: A new and distinct Berberis cultivar named ‘SMBTM’ is disclosed, characterized by red new growth that turns to burgundy, compact rounded habit and red/orange fall color. The new variety is a Berberis, normally produced as an outdoor garden or container plant.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 16, 2017
    Publication date: April 18, 2019
    Inventor: Timothy Wood
  • Barberry plant named 'UCONNBTB113'
    Publication number: 20180035587
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant, botanically known as Berberis thunbergii and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘UCONNBTB113’. The unique characteristics of this new Barberry plant include no fruit, seed sterile; very compact, extremely dense, low-growing habit only reaching 30 cm tall; bright yellow spring foliage and light yellow and chartreus summer foliage; adaptable to many landscape situations; resistant to black stem rust disease; and winter cold hardy to at least ?26° C.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 30, 2016
    Publication date: February 1, 2018
    Inventor: Mark Brand
  • Barberry plant named 'UCONNBT039'
    Publication number: 20180035589
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant, botanically known as Berberis thunbergii and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘UCONNBTB039’. The unique characteristics of this new Barberry plant include no fruit, seed sterile; compact, dense, spreading habit with overarching stems reaching 70 cm tall; bright green spring foliage and dark green summer foliage; adaptable to many landscape situations; resistant to black stem rust disease; and winter cold hardy to at least ?26° C.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 30, 2016
    Publication date: February 1, 2018
    Inventor: Mark Brand
  • Barberry Plant Named 'UCONNBTB048'
    Publication number: 20180035588
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant, botanically known as Berberis thunbergii and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘UCONNBTB048’. The unique characteristics of this new Barberry plant include seed sterile; compact, dense, low-growing habit; thick and slightly leathery bright yellow spring foliage and light yellow and chartreus summer foliage; adaptable to many landscape situations; resistant to black stem rust disease; and winter cold hardy to at least ?26° C.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 30, 2016
    Publication date: February 1, 2018
    Inventor: Mark Brand
  • Barberry plant named 'UCONNBTCP4N'
    Publication number: 20180035586
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant, botanically known as Berberis thunbergii and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘UCONNBTCP4N’. The unique characteristics of this new Barberry plant include essentially seed sterile; compact, dense, low-growing habit; thick and slightly leathery purple-red spring and summer foliage; adaptable to many landscape situations; resistant to black stem rust disease; and winter cold hardy to at least ?26° C.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 30, 2016
    Publication date: February 1, 2018
    Inventor: Mark Brand
  • Berberis plant named 'NCBT1'
    Publication number: 20170339811
    Abstract: A new and distinct Berberis cultivar named ‘NCBT1’ is disclosed, characterized by purple foliage and a distinctively compact and round plant habit. Plants have very low female fertility. The new variety is a Berberis, normally produced as an outdoor garden plant.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 18, 2016
    Publication date: November 23, 2017
    Applicant: North Carolina State University
    Inventor: Thomas Green Ranney
  • Berberis plant named 'NCBX1'
    Publication number: 20170339810
    Abstract: A new and distinct Berberis cultivar named ‘NCBX1’ is disclosed, characterized by glossy purple foliage and a very compact plant habit. Plants have no observed female fertility. The new variety is a Berberis, normally produced as an outdoor garden plant.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 18, 2016
    Publication date: November 23, 2017
    Applicant: North Carolina State University
    Inventor: Thomas Green Ranney
  • Berberis plant named 'Fireball'
    Publication number: 20090235416
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘FIREBALL’ that is characterized by semi prostrate habit and bright red foliage. In combination these traits set ‘FIREBALL’ apart from all other existing varieties of Berberis known to the inventor.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 25, 2009
    Publication date: September 17, 2009
    Inventor: Michal Andrusiv
  • Golden and burgundy variegated pigmy Barberry plant named ‘Goruzam’
    Patent number: PP16203
    Abstract: A new and distinct variety of Berberis thunbergii plant is provided that was the result of controlled breeding. A dwarf, generally compact, broad, and low-mounding growth habit is displayed. New foliage bears a bright red-purple coloration, and the mature foliage displays attractive variegation. The margins of the mature foliage are golden and the center is dark burgundy. A rapid growth rate between internodes of relatively short length is displayed. The plant is well suited for providing attractive ornamentation in the landscape.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 15, 2004
    Date of Patent: January 17, 2006
    Inventor: James W. Zampini
  • Berberis plant named ‘Tiny Gold’
    Patent number: PP17084
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘Tiny Gold’ that is characterized by a low spreading habit and bright yellow foliage. In combination these traits set ‘Tiny Gold’ apart from all other existing varieties of Berberis known to the inventor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 30, 2005
    Date of Patent: September 5, 2006
    Inventor: Ing. Michal Andrusiv
  • Berberis plant named ‘Golden Carpet’
    Patent number: PP17691
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘Golden Carpet’ that is characterized by a dense prostrate habit and yellow foliage. In combination these traits set ‘Golden Carpet’ apart from all other existing varieties of Berberis known to the inventor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 17, 2006
    Date of Patent: May 1, 2007
    Inventor: Ing. Michal Andrusiv
  • Barberry plant named ‘Maria’
    Patent number: PP18082
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant named ‘Maria’, characterized by its upright and columnar plant habit; freely basally branching growth habit; distinct bright yellow to yellow green-colored leaves; and resistance to leaf scorch.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 30, 2005
    Date of Patent: September 25, 2007
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery, Inc.
    Inventors: Lucjan Kurowski, Grzegorz Kurowski
  • Berberis plant named ‘Orange Rocket’
    Patent number: PP18411
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘ORANGE ROCKET’ that is characterized by an upright columnar habit and rust-orange colored foliage. In combination these traits set ‘ORANGE ROCKET’ apart from all other existing varieties of Berberis known to the inventor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 10, 2006
    Date of Patent: January 8, 2008
    Inventor: Michal Andrusiv
  • Berberis plant named ‘ROSY ROCKET’
    Patent number: PP18413
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘ROSY ROCKET’ that is characterized by an upright columnar habit and red foliage. In combination these traits set ‘ROSY ROCKET’ apart from all other existing varieties of Berberis known to the inventor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 10, 2006
    Date of Patent: January 8, 2008
    Inventor: Michal Andrusiv
  • Berberis plant named ‘Golden Rocket’
    Patent number: PP18626
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘GOLDEN ROCKET’ that is characterized by an upright columnar habit and yellow foliage. In combination these traits set ‘GOLDEN ROCKET’ apart from all other existing varieties of Berberis known to the inventor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 20, 2005
    Date of Patent: March 18, 2008
    Inventor: Ing. Michal Andrusiv
  • Barberry plant named ‘Talago’
    Patent number: PP20602
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant named ‘Talago’, characterized by its compact, low mounding and outwardly spreading plant habit; freely branching habit; dense and bushy growth habit; leaves that are initially orange red in color and become bright yellow in color with development; and leaves that have good resistance to sunburn.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 1, 2008
    Date of Patent: December 22, 2009
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery Inc.
    Inventor: Stanley Talago
  • plant named ‘Fireball’
    Patent number: PP21100
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘FIREBALL’ that is characterized by semi prostrate habit and bright red foliage. In combination these traits set ‘FIREBALL’ apart from all other existing varieties of Berberis known to the inventor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 25, 2009
    Date of Patent: June 29, 2010
    Inventor: Michal Andrusiv
  • Barberry plant named ‘Redtorch’
    Patent number: PP22220
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant named ‘Redtorch’, characterized by its narrow and upright plant habit; leaves that are dark purple in color and in the autumn become bright red in color; and tolerance to Powdery Mildew.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 17, 2010
    Date of Patent: November 1, 2011
    Assignee: Ball Horticultural Company
    Inventor: Christian-Maurice Castanet
  • plant named ‘Lutin Rouge’
    Patent number: PP22796
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis, ‘Lutin Rouge’, that is characterized by its oval plant habit, its leaves that are bright red in color, and its non-flowering habit.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 5, 2011
    Date of Patent: June 19, 2012
    Inventors: Jean-Loup Hennebelle, Nicolas Hennebelle
  • Berberis thunbergii plant named `Monry`
    Patent number: PP11332
    Abstract: A new and distinct selection of Golden Barberry shrub which shall be referred to hereinafter as Berberis thunbergii `Monry`. Berberis thunbergii `Monry` differs distinctively from other Berberis thunbergii plants by its unique combination of early flower clusters and yellowish foliage produced along terminal branch tips and an upright vase-shaped shrub habit with brilliant yellow mature foliage that tolerates full sun without burning.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 26, 1998
    Date of Patent: April 4, 2000
    Assignee: Monrovia Nursery Company
    Inventor: Henry Eilers
  • plant named ‘Daybreak’
    Patent number: PP23747
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Berberis thunbergii plant named ‘Daybreak’, characterized by its compact, mounding growth habit, small, lustrous, medium green foliage that turns bright yellow in fall, reddish-orange flowers produced in abundance from spring to fall, greenish-tan to reddish-green fruits, and root/crown cold hardiness to USDA Hardiness Zone 7.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 10, 2011
    Date of Patent: July 16, 2013
    Assignee: Plant Introductions, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael A. Dirr, Joshua H. Kardos
  • plant named ‘Golden Dream’
    Patent number: PP24059
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis, ‘Golden Dream’, that is characterized by its small sized leaves that are yellow-green in color and its moderately compact plant habit with upright branches.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 12, 2012
    Date of Patent: December 3, 2013
    Assignee: Valkplants B.V.
    Inventor: Michal Andrusiv
  • plant named ‘Orange Dream’
    Patent number: PP24076
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis, ‘Orange Dream’, that is characterized by its small sized leaves that are gray-purple to brown in color and its upright, broadly spreading plant habit with branches arching.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 12, 2012
    Date of Patent: December 10, 2013
    Assignee: Valk Plants B.V.
    Inventor: Michal Andrusiv
  • plant named ‘Red Dream’
    Patent number: PP24077
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis, ‘Red Dream’, that is characterized by its small sized leaves that are gray-purple to deep brown in color and its upright, broadly spreading plant habit with branches arching.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 13, 2012
    Date of Patent: December 10, 2013
    Assignee: Valkplants B.V.
    Inventor: Michal Andrusiv
  • Barberry plant named ‘Celeste’
    Patent number: PP24586
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant named ‘Celeste’, characterized by its upright, outwardly spreading and mounding plant habit; vigorous growth habit; freely branching habit; leaves that are dark greyed purple to dark greyed orange in color; good garden performance; and resistance to Black Stem Rust.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 27, 2012
    Date of Patent: July 1, 2014
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery Inc.
    Inventor: Timothy D. Wood
  • Barberry plant named ‘Kasia’
    Patent number: PP24817
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant named ‘Kasia’, characterized by its compact and low mounding plant habit; vigorous growth habit; freely branching habit; leaves that are yellow green to yellow in color; young leaf margins edged with orange red in the spring; good garden performance and resistance to sun scald; and resistance to Black Stem Rust.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 2012
    Date of Patent: August 26, 2014
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery, Inc.
    Inventor: Timothy D. Wood
  • Barberry plant named ‘Koren’
    Patent number: PP24818
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant named ‘Koren’, characterized by its compact and mounding plant habit; vigorous growth habit; freely branching habit; leaves that are yellow to yellow green in color; good garden performance and resistance to sun scald; and resistance to Black Stem Rust.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 2012
    Date of Patent: August 26, 2014
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery, Inc.
    Inventor: Timothy D. Wood
  • Barberry plant named ‘Helen’
    Patent number: PP24819
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant named ‘Helen’, characterized by its upright and outwardly spreading to arching plant habit; vigorous growth habit; freely branching habit; leaves that are dark purple to dark brown in color numerous pale yellow-colored flowers; good garden performance; and resistance to Black Stem Rust.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 2012
    Date of Patent: August 26, 2014
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery, Inc.
    Inventor: Timothy D. Wood
  • Barberry plant named ‘Mimi’
    Patent number: PP24841
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant named ‘Mimi’, characterized by its compact and low mounding plant habit; vigorous growth habit; freely branching habit; leaves that are dark purple in color; good garden performance; and resistance to Black Stem Rust.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 2012
    Date of Patent: September 2, 2014
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery, Inc.
    Inventor: Timothy D. Wood
  • plant named ‘Hoho 1’
    Patent number: PP25364
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis, ‘Hoho 1’, that is characterized by its compact plant habit, its moderate growth habit, its young shoots that are deep pink-red in color and its mature foliage that is heavily mottled with pink and red.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 1, 2013
    Date of Patent: March 24, 2015
    Inventors: Mark Sebastiaan Hoogenraad, Ralph Matheus Hoof
  • plant named ‘Hoho 2’
    Patent number: PP25365
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis, ‘Hoho 2’, that is characterized by its bright gold foliage, its foliage that is resistant to leaf scorch when grown in warm temperatures and high sun levels, and its compact, low growing (flattened) and broadly spreading plant habit.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 1, 2013
    Date of Patent: March 24, 2015
    Inventors: Mark Sebastiaan Hoogenraad, Ralph Matheus Hoof
  • plant named ‘Midruzam’
    Patent number: PP25609
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis, ‘Midruzam’, characterized by its low growing, compact, and rounded plant habit, its very slow growth habit, its foliage that is dark burgundy in color in summer and turns red in color in the fall, and its lack of flower and fruit production.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 13, 2013
    Date of Patent: June 2, 2015
    Assignee: Lake Country Nursery
    Inventor: James W. Zampini
  • plant named ‘24kagozam’
    Patent number: PP25923
    Abstract: A new cultivar of Berberis, ‘24kagozam’, characterized by its low growing, compact, and rounded plant habit, its very slow growth habit, and its foliage that is gold in color with the stems and foliage of the new growth orange in color.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 13, 2013
    Date of Patent: September 22, 2015
    Assignee: LAKE COUNTRY NURSERY
    Inventor: James W. Zampini
  • Barberry plant named ‘O'Byrne’
    Patent number: PP26546
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant named ‘O'Byrne’, characterized by its upright, outwardly arching and mounding plant habit; vigorous growth habit; freely branching habit; leaves that are dark red to orange red in color with narrow bright yellow green-colored margins; good garden performance; and resistance to Wheat Rust.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 11, 2013
    Date of Patent: March 29, 2016
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery Inc.
    Inventor: Ernest O'Byrne
  • plant named ‘Orange Torch’
    Patent number: PP27831
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘Orange Torch’, characterized by spring foliage color of medium yellow and yellow-green tinted with red-orange, bright red young stem color; and moderately vigorous, compact, narrowly-upright growth habit, is disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 21, 2015
    Date of Patent: April 4, 2017
    Assignee: Pépinières Minier S.A.
    Inventor: Patrick Pineau
  • plant named ‘NCBX1’
    Patent number: PP29504
    Abstract: A new and distinct Berberis cultivar named ‘NCBX1’ is disclosed, characterized by glossy purple foliage and a very compact plant habit. Plants have no observed female fertility. The new variety is a Berberis, normally produced as an outdoor garden plant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 18, 2016
    Date of Patent: July 17, 2018
    Assignee: North Carolina State University
    Inventor: Thomas Green Ranney
  • Barberry plant named ‘UCONNBTB113’
    Patent number: PP30094
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant, botanically known as Berberis thunbergii and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘UCONNBTB113’. The unique characteristics of this new Barberry plant include no fruit, seed sterile; very compact, extremely dense, low-growing habit only reaching 30 cm tall; bright yellow spring foliage and light yellow and chartreus summer foliage; adaptable to many landscape situations; resistant to black stem rust disease; and winter cold hardy to at least ?26° C.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 30, 2016
    Date of Patent: January 15, 2019
    Assignee: University of Connecticut
    Inventor: Mark Brand
  • Barberry plant named ‘UCONNBTCP4N’
    Patent number: PP30095
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant, botanically known as Berberis thunbergii and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘UCONNBTCP4N’. The unique characteristics of this new Barberry plant include essentially seed sterile; compact, dense, low-growing habit; thick and slightly leathery purple-red spring and summer foliage; adaptable to many landscape situations; resistant to black stem rust disease; and winter cold hardy to at least ?26° C.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 30, 2016
    Date of Patent: January 15, 2019
    Assignee: University of Connecticut
    Inventor: Mark Brand
  • Barberry plant named ‘UCONNBTB048’
    Patent number: PP30127
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant, botanically known as Berberis thunbergii and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘UCONNBTB048’. The unique characteristics of this new Barberry plant include seed sterile; compact, dense, low-growing habit; thick and slightly leathery bright yellow spring foliage and light yellow and chartreus summer foliage; adaptable to many landscape situations; resistant to black stem rust disease; and winter cold hardy to at least ?26° C.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 30, 2016
    Date of Patent: January 22, 2019
    Assignee: University of Connecticut
    Inventor: Mark Brand
  • Barberry plant named ‘UCONNBTB039’
    Patent number: PP30128
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Barberry plant, botanically known as Berberis thunbergii and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘UCONNBTB039’. The unique characteristics of this new Barberry plant include no fruit, seed sterile; compact, dense, spreading habit with overarching stems reaching 70 cm tall; bright green spring foliage and dark green summer foliage; adaptable to many landscape situations; resistant to black stem rust disease; and winter cold hardy to at least ?26° C.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 30, 2016
    Date of Patent: January 22, 2019
    Assignee: University of Connecticut
    Inventor: Mark Brand
  • plant named ‘NCBT1’
    Patent number: PP30330
    Abstract: A new and distinct Berberis cultivar named ‘NCBT1’ is disclosed, characterized by purple foliage and a distinctively compact and round plant habit. Plants have very low female fertility. The new variety is a Berberis, normally produced as an outdoor garden plant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 18, 2016
    Date of Patent: April 2, 2019
    Assignee: North Carolina State University
    Inventor: Thomas Green Ranney
  • plant named ‘SMBTJ’
    Patent number: PP30593
    Abstract: A new and distinct Berberis cultivar named ‘SMBTJ’ is disclosed, characterized by yellow young foliage with an orange flush. Plants have foliar resistance to sun burn and are compact and rounded in habit. The new variety is a Berberis, normally produced as an outdoor garden or container plant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 16, 2017
    Date of Patent: June 25, 2019
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery, Inc.
    Inventor: Timothy Wood
  • plant named ‘SMBTM’
    Patent number: PP30594
    Abstract: A new and distinct Berberis cultivar named ‘SMBTM’ is disclosed, characterized by red new growth that turns to burgundy, compact rounded habit and red/orange fall color. The new variety is a Berberis, normally produced as an outdoor garden or container plant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 16, 2017
    Date of Patent: June 25, 2019
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery Inc.
    Inventor: Timothy Wood
  • plant named ‘ARLENE’
    Patent number: PP31117
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘ARLENE’, characterized by its upright and outwardly spreading plant habit; vigorous growth habit; freely branching habit; variegated leaves that are light red, green and light yellow green in color; and good garden performance.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 15, 2018
    Date of Patent: November 26, 2019
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery Inc.
    Inventor: Timothy D. Wood
  • plant named ‘AMERA’
    Patent number: PP31205
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘AMERA’, characterized by its relatively compact, upright, outwardly spreading and mounding plant habit; vigorous growth habit; freely branching habit; leaves that are initially yellow green in color with orange red-colored margins becoming darker yellow green in color with development; and good garden performance.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 15, 2018
    Date of Patent: December 10, 2019
    Assignee: Spring Meadow Nursery Inc.
    Inventor: Timothy D. Wood
  • plant named ‘NCBT2’
    Patent number: PP33272
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Berberis plant named ‘NCBT2’ is disclosed, characterized by a semi-compact rounded habit, reddish orange to moderate red spring foliage, deep red to vivid red exterior summer foliage and yellow green interior foliage. The new variety is a Berberis, normally produced as an outdoor garden or container plant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 16, 2020
    Date of Patent: July 20, 2021
    Assignee: North Carolina State University
    Inventors: Thomas Green Ranney, Darren Touchell, Irene Palmer, Andra Nus, Nathan P. Lynch
  • plant ‘NCBT3’
    Patent number: PP35050
    Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of Berberis thunberghii plant named ‘NCBT3’ is disclosed, characterized by a strongly upright habit and colorful orange-red foliage with gold margins. The new variety is a Berberis, typically produced as an ornamental plant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 21, 2022
    Date of Patent: March 21, 2023
    Assignee: North Carolina State University
    Inventors: Thomas Green Ranney, Darren H. Touchell, Andra Windorf Nus, Irene Palmer, Nathan Lynch