Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing road paving asphalt compositions which involves heating an admixture of coal tar and fluidized catalytic cracking syntower bottoms until a homogeneous solubilized product with asphaltic properties is formed. The preferred asphalt compositions have a quantity of scrap rubber incorporated and dissolved therein.

Abstract: The conversion of alcohols and ethers to gasoline boiling constituents with HZSM-5 catalyst in a fluid catalyst system is arranged for reactant plug flow wherein the reaction temperature is controlled by the heat of vaporization of liquid reactant charged to the reactor. Vaporization of the reactant with recycled catalyst in acceptable ratios restricts reaction temperatures to within acceptable limits.

Abstract: The product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is separated to recover a C.sub.5 -400.degree. F liquid fraction which is thereafter upgraded to a higher octane gasoline fraction and a low-pour, high diesel index fuel oil by a "dense phase" process using HZSM-5 and related zeolites as catalysts.

Abstract: A CHD reactor is modified to include a feed nozzle arrangement which hydrogen-saturates the charged liquid before distribution across the fixed catalyst bed by a pair of gas/liquid distributor trays. Product is recovered from the catalyst bed through an apparatus arrangement comprising Glitsch grid to maintain low pressure drop in the system.

Abstract: A general method for producing low-sulfur gas and solid fuel is disclosed. Such method involves partial gasification of coal, using steam and an oxygen-containing gas, to produce low-B.t.u. fuel which can be used as a feedstock for power plants and industrial boilers. Also disclosed is a method for simultaneously producing low-sulfur gas, liquid, and solid fuels from coal in a single reaction vessel using a multi-stage fluidized gasification and desulfurization system. Synthesis gas produced in a first stage gas generator by reaction of steam, an oxygen-containing gas, and auxiliary carbonaceous fuel, is reacted with high-sulfur coal in a second stage desulfurization unit forming a solid phase consisting of low-sulfur fuel and a fluid phase consisting of sulfur-containing gaseous and liquid fuels. After disengagement of solid and fluid phases present in the second stage reaction zone, a solid fuel of reduced sulfur content is recovered.

Abstract: Solid organic wastes are slurried with hot coker recycle feed or fresh petroleum feedstocks at temperatures within the range from about 300.degree. to 1000.degree. F and the resulting mixture is coked to produce gas, oil, and coke. The oil can be used as clean liquid fuel, but preferably it is used as catalytic craker feed since it is a particularly suitable cracking stock and produces high yields of gasoline. This process affords a low-cost waste disposal method by a process compatible with current petroleum refining technology.

Abstract: A method and system is described for effecting chemical reactions of aliphatic hetero compounds to gasoline boiling components with crystalline zeolites in the presence of a relatively inert particle material arranged to exercise distribution of exothermic heat and utilized in a catalyst system under conditions to minimize undesired deactivation of catalyst particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the extrusion of tubular thermoplastic film which comprises extruding a melt of thermoplastic through an annular orifice to form a bubble or expanding cone terminating in a tube and while the expanding cone is still in a semi-molten condition, passing it through a prearranged cooling and shaping means comprising a plurality of air dispensing rings shaped in congruence with desired form of the expanding cone or film. Each air ring provides two converging or parallel air streams, each of which expands from the effluent port. The method and apparatus permits increased production speeds and minimized gauge variation in the expanded film.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion-catalyst regeneration system is described which particularly relies upon a fluidized catalyst regeneration operation arranged to restrict the catalyst inventory of the system by employing upflowing and downflowing fluid masses of catalyst in cooperative arrangement with one another providing a limited dispersed catalyst phase section and wherein the recycle of regenerated hot catalyst admixed with spent catalyst is controlled principally as a function of the pressure differential between the upflowing and downflowing catalyst masses.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion-catalyst regeneration operation and apparatus required is described. Hot regenerated catalyst is mixed with spent catalyst in a first upflow annular fluid catalyst bed regeneration operation about a second concentric downflow fluid catalyst bed regeneration operation. Catalyst flow-through passageways pass catalyst from said downflowing catalyst bed operation to said upflow catalyst bed regeneration operation.

Abstract: A method and system for cracking hydrocarbons with distinct fluid catalyst particles differing in activity, selectivity and physical characteristics is described wherein a common catalyst regeneration system is employed which will measurably contribute to the heat requirements of the operation as well as the activity/selectivity characteristics of the catalyst employed. Except for size, the catalysts upon make-up may have different or identical catalytic characteristics. However, upon contact with a particular hydrocarbon stream, such as vacuum resid, the selectivity and coke producing characteristics of the catalysts may be altered.

Abstract: In an alkylation process, the separation of the hydrocarbon effluent is accomplished by modifying the depropanizer tower to provide a lower bottom temperature. The depropanizer bottoms is flash separated to release an isobutane rich recycle stream with higher boiling alkylate being passed to an isostripper for separation with alkylation hydrocarbon effluent not passing through the above sequence. The use of low pressure steam for heat duty in the above sequence reduces energy requirements of the processing combination.

Abstract: Fischer-Tropsch synthol naptha is upgraded to high octane gasoline with minimum yield loss in a multistep process comprising fractionating the synthol naptha to give a C.sub.5 + C.sub.6 fraction and C.sub.7.sup.+ fraction, processing the C.sub.5 + C.sub.6 fraction over a ZSM-5 catalyst under dense phase conditions, pretreating and reforming the C.sub.7.sup.+ fraction under conventional conditions, and blending the C.sub.5.sup.+ products from both the C.sub.5 + C.sub.6 and C.sub.7.sup.+ processing steps.

Abstract: A process for converting relatively ash-free solid polymeric wastes to more valuable liquid, solid, and gaseous products which comprises mixing rubber and/or plastic wastes at high temperatures in a refractory petroleum stream and catalytically cracking the mixture.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for deriving liquid fuels from coal which involves the steps of (1) solubilizing coal in a FCC residual oil to form a solvated coal solution phase and an ash solids phase; (2) subjecting the two phase admixture to FCC conversion conditions; (3) separating and recovering a hydrocarbon phase and a catalyst-ash solids phase; (4) treating the catalyst-ash solids phase in a catalyst regeneration zone, and removing entrained ash solids from the flue gas effluent of the catalyst regeneration zone; and (5) fractionating the hydrocarbon phase to recover liquid fuel products.

Abstract: Solvent refined coal bottoms which are solid at room temperature are converted to distillable liquids by blending the bottoms with recycle solvent and contacting the mixture in the presence of hydrogen over Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst.

Abstract: Ethane is converted to LPG and gasoline and/or aromatics concentrate in a combination process which comprises directly passing olefin effluent from the thermal cracking of ethane over a special crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite of the ZSM-5 type and recovering aromatics and C.sub.3 + hydrocarbons. For best yields, the thermal cracking step is conducted under more severe conditions than are used when ethylene production is optimized. The second, olefin conversion step is carried out at either the same pressure as the cracking step or higher. The process is of particular interest where low cost ethane is available.

Abstract: High severity catalytic conversion of olefinic naphthas which contain diolefins is conducted over special catalysts to yield a product stream which contains little or no non-aromatics boiling in the range of benzene, toluene and xylene. The catalysts are combinations of zinc and a metal of Groups I B and VIII of the Periodic Table with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica/alumina ratio greater than 12 and a constraint index not less than one nor greater than 12.

Abstract: High quality petroleum sponge coke suitable for use in the manufacture of electrodes is produced by adding an effective amount of an oxygen-containing carbonaceous material which tends to decompose at high temperatures, such as sawdust, coal, or lignite to delayed coker fresh and/or recycle feed. This addition eliminates or reduces the formation of shot coke and promotes the formation of high-quality, easy-to-grind petroleum sponge coke.

Abstract: A method for upgrading poor quality olefinic gasoline by conversion thereof in the presence of carbon hydrogen-contributing fragments such as methanol and a crystalline zeolite catalyst composition of desired selectivity characteristics is described.