Abstract: A glass composition is disclosed that is useful as a solder glass for sealing components together. However, the glass is also especially adapted for use as an electric resistance film for coating the inner neck or funnel portions of a cathode ray tube to reduce arcing. The glass composition includes primarily the oxides of vanadium and phosphorous with the preferred addition of either zinc oxide or lead oxide. Still other metal oxides may be optionally included such as oxides of barium, antimony, lithium, manganese, silicon, boron, molybdenum and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention comprises a corrugated container for high density bulk materials. The side walls of a box or inner tube for a box are formed from two separate corrugated pieces, connected by overlapping seams. Each overlapping piece has a free end which is scored and folded to form an integral vertical support post, in the form of a vertically disposed triangular prism, the apex of which extends towards the interior of the box. The free end of each overlapping piece is tucked within the seam overlap, to secure the triangular post. The triangular vertical support posts in the side walls of the tube increase the stiffness of the side walls to prevent them from bulging under the pressure of the bulk material contained within the box. To increase the strength of the box against stacking forces and internal pressures, the inner box or tube may be placed snugly within an outer corrugated box.

Abstract: A child-resistant closure includes a tamper-proof band which engages an associated container finish, and which must be separated from the remainder of the closure for removal of the closure from the finish. A pull tab and weakening grooves are provided to permit manual separation of the tamper-proof band from the remainder of the closure. A resilient shield integrally formed with the tamper-proof band overlies the pull tab and normally prevents grasping thereof. Removal of the closure is possible only when the shield is manually deflected and held in position while the pull tab is grasped and the tamper-proof band torn away from the remainder of the closure.

Abstract: A cooling system includes means for maintaining electronic control components of a glassware forming machine at a safe operational temperature. A circuit board heat sink is attached to and substantially covers the component mounting surface of a printed circuit board. The circuit board heat sink includes a thermoconductive pad for each component and a metallic panel. Thermoconductive means engage a portion of the circuit board heat sink to transmit heat energy from the components through the heat sink to a coolant manifold. The thermoconductive means includes at least one card guide for frictionally engaging the circuit board and the circuit board heat sink, and a card rack for supporting the card guide. A coolant manifold has a plurality of passages formed therein for the passage of coolant throughout. The manifold is attached to a housing which encloses and is attached to the card rack and receives the heat energy from the components.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved method and apparatus for controlling the tension in a tensionally fragile web of material being pulled by a constant speed processing machine from either one of a pair of supply rolls. A first festooning roller effects the control of the web tension during the normal operation of the machine. During the splicing of the web from one supply roll to another, the tension in the web would tend to dramatically increase. This tendency is offset by a second festooning roller engageable with the web and shiftable in a web tension decreasing direction only upon the occurrence of web tensions substantially in excess of the normal tension range. Means are provided to restrict the rate of return movement of the second festooning roller to that which falls within the control limits of the first festooning roller, thus eliminating any tendency to accelerate the new supply roll to a speed above the desired machine operating speed.

Abstract: An electronic control system for an automatic glassware forming machine includes a plurality of position sensors for monitoring the motions of individual glassware forming mechanisms. The sensors generate output signals which define the start and stop times and/or motion of the respective forming mechanisms. The electronic control is responsive to the sensor output signals for identifying any mechanical dead times in the forming cycle. Mechanical dead time is defined as time during which no machine motions are occurring, but could be occurring without interfering with essential heat transfer functions. The electronic control can then reduce or remove selected mechanical dead times to reduce the machine cycle length, and consequently, increase the production rate of the machine.

Abstract: A manually operable tool for removing threaded closures from the necks of bottles is provided. Such tool constitutes a one piece molded plastic structure of generally oval-shaped horizontal configuration having a peripheral depending wall by which torque applied by the fingers may be transmitted to the tool. Within the boundaries of the peripheral wall, a depending circular wall is integrally formed and portions of such circular wall are integral with portions of the peripheral wall. The circular wall is provided with appropriate internal projections or ribs to engage similar ribs or depressions provided on the closure for which the tool is designed.

Abstract: A closure assembly comprises two separable closure members which are pre-assembled in coaxially stacked relationship, with their top panels aligned in the same direction. The lower closure member of the stack assembly comprises locking elements which are engagable with cooperating locking elements on a container, thereby providing a child-resistant closure. The upper closure is a simple snap cap, plug cap, or other closure which is not child-resistant. The upper closure is removably attached to the lower child-resistant closure by an interference fit between resilient attachment members integrally formed as parts of the upper and lower closures. The assembly can be separated, for use of the upper closure only for sealing the container, thereby providing a choice between a child-resistant and non child-resistant closure.

Abstract: A solar energy collector and process for its preparation are disclosed in which the collector has a solar selective layer of overlying, multiple coatings. The first coating is a reflective metal; the second coating is a semiconductor material being absorbent in the solar spectrum; and the third coating being the coating exposed to solar radiation is a dielectric material defining an anti-reflection guard. The dielectric coating is transparent to radiation in the solar spectrum and has a relatively low refractive index. The thickness of the dielectric coating is of a magnitude to decrease reflectance from the semiconductor coating by destructive interference. The solar selective layer may be prepared by depositing the various coatings in sequence as by thermal evaporation techniques.

Abstract: A molded thermoplastic closure having a heat shrinkable tamperproof band integrally attached to the lower outside circular edge of the closure skirt by means of circumferentially spaced bridge members. The outside diameter of the tamperproof band is greater than the outside diameter of the skirt, so that the tamperproof band extends at least partially beyond the circular lower skirt edge. The upper edge of the band can be located outside the skirt edge and be connected thereto only by the bridge members, or it can be located partially beneath the skirt and be directly integrally connected thereto through an annular region.

Abstract: A child-resistant container and closure combination includes a one piece molded closure threadable on a container neck. When the closure is fully threaded onto the container neck, a pawl, integrally formed on the bottom of the closure skirt, interlocks with a lug projecting from the container neck to prevent rotational removal of the closure. One end of the pawl is integrally attached to the closure by a relatively thin and flexible bridge, and a slot is formed in the closure skirt immediately above the pawl and bridge. The flexibility provided by the slot and the thin bridge attachment permits the pawl to be manually deflected upwardly to disengage the pawl and lug, thereby permitting rotational removal of the closure.

Abstract: Disclosed are copolyesters based on terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and bis (4-.beta.-hydroxyethoxyphenyl) sulfone made by solid state polycondensation of a lower molecular weight polymer thereof, a process for making same, and containers, packages and packaging materials made therefrom. The copolyesters have low acetaldehyde content.

Abstract: The invention provides a precision tooling machine for final finishing of a preliminary formed shoulder on the open end of a heated glass vial blank. The shoulder of the vial is heated and the vial is rotated and horizontally advanced between a pair of co-operating tooling jaws which are respectively mounted on support arms which are in turn rigidly secured to a vertically slidably support plate. The entire weight of the tooling jaws, the support arms and the support plate is effectively counter-balanced so that tooling jaw units may move without restraint to accommodate themselves to the vertical position of the particular vial passing between the tooling jaws. At the same time, one of the jaw units is freely laterally shiftable a slight amount relative to the other jaw unit so as to prevent the possibility of differential heating of the tooling jaws or their respective support arms causing a misalignment of one tooling jaw relative to the other tooling jaw.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and a method for forming multi-directionally oriented plastic articles by shearing a thermoplastic material in a non-linear shear pattern while the material is at a temperature conducive to orientation and further processing the material by known plastic forming techniques to form an article in which the material remains oriented. More specifically, thermoplastic material is plasticized and accumulated in an amount at least sufficient to form the article, and the material is expressed under pressure from the accumulated body to and through an orifice. The material is non-linearly sheared prior to its issuance from the orifice to induce orientation stresses into the material, and, during shearing, the material is at a temperature which is conducive to orientation.

Abstract: A method for applying prefabricated parts for reinforcing, supporting, forming, reshaping or labeling to articles blow molded from a thermoplastic material. A hot parison is blown in a mold into a preform having a shape slightly smaller than the finished article. The preform is then removed from its mold and the prefabricated part is attached to the preform. The preform is then blow molded to impart the finished shape to the article and to embed the prefabricated part into the article.

Abstract: The invention comprises a threaded plastic closure for a container for pressured fluids, such as a carbonated beverage bottle. The panel portion of the closure abuts the top of the bottle neck or finish to form a top seal, and the wall portion has an internal annular sealing rib for creating a seal on an outside cylindrical portion of the bottle finish. The connecting material between the side seal rib and the top seal of the closure is deformed outwardly, away from the finish and is of reduced wall thickness to provide a flexible connection between the top seal and the side sealing rib.

Abstract: A tamper proof molded closure is provided for use on a threaded bottle neck having an external peripheral bead below the threaded portion of the bottle neck. The closure comprises a one piece molded cap having a circular panel portion and a depending annular skirt portion with the upper portion of the skirt defining internal threads and a lower band portion of the skirt defining an internal shoulder that is expandable to snap over the container bead during the assembly operation to lock the closure to the bottle neck. At a region intermediate the threaded portion and the interior shoulder, the external wall of the band portion of the closure is scored to form a slit extending peripherally around the entire closure. The depth of the slit extends through the wall of a closure at all points except for a limited number of peripherally spaced arcuate segments where the depth of the slit is less than that of the thickness of the skirt portion.

Abstract: A solar energy collector assembly is provided which finds particular utility when interconnecting a plurality of tubular solar energy collectors with each other, in parallel, to form a bank of collectors, and when interconnecting a plurality of such banks of collectors with each other, in series, to form a tiered arrangement. The assembly, in combination with other apparatus, provides a capability for a batch and/or a continuous circulation system and provides a capability for quickly filling tubular solar energy collectors with a fluid under pump pressure and for quickly and completely draining tubular solar energy collectors of the fluid under gravity, thereby yielding a failsafe operation regarding freezing conditions and/or boil-out conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of strengthening glass articles and, more specifically, hollow glass containers such as jars for containing foodstuffs. The invention is directed to a method wherein the hollow glass container is surrounded at its heel and bearing surfaces with a thin continuous frangible coating of a polymeric resin such as an epoxy resin. The resin is cured into a frangible thermoset condition to resist thermal shock breakage; however, any breakage of the container at its coated area will result in disruption of the surrounding coating evidencing such breakage. The coating is extremely thin and continuous, and readily applied, and may be used in combination with a foamed thermoplastic tubular sleeve snugly conforming to the body portion of the container. The conforming sleeve serves as a label and to provide an insulating jacket for handling the container when its contents are heated, such as in a microwave oven.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the presence of a gob of molten glass as it enters a cavity in the mold of an automatic glassware forming machine. The detector includes a phototransistor sensor and circuitry for generating a gob detection signal. Two or more detectors can be combined to generate a signal indicating that the last gob has entered a multi-cavity mold so that the forming process can begin. The gob detection signal can also be utilized to adjust the timing of the glassware forming process for differences in the travel time between the gob forming apparatus and the mold.