Abstract: In the display device (10), at least one of a scanning line (2) and a signal line (3) is a multi-layer wiring including first and second conductive layers (3a, 3b), and the multi-layer wiring (3) includes a low-stacked region (3′) where the second conductive layer (3b) is not formed.

Abstract: A digital optical transmission apparatus includes a modulation portion for modulating data to be transmitted in an ASK modulation method, and an E/O modulation portion for converting an electrical signal output from the modulation portion into an optical signal having a base band component with a constant DC level. DC-biased or FSK-biased may be employed as a method of making constant the DC level of the base band component.

Abstract: A sampling circuit includes a first sample hold means having a sample hold switch whose one terminal receives an input signal and a sample hold capacitor whose one terminal is connected to the other terminal of the sample hold switch, an amplifier circuit whose input terminal is connected to the other terminal of the sample hold switch and a horizontal selection switch whose one terminal is connected to an output terminal of the amplifier circuit and the other terminal of which is connected to a horizontal signal line. The output terminal of the amplifier circuit is connected to one terminal of a conduction control switch, and a first constant current load is connected to the other terminal of the conduction control switch. The conduction control switch is turned on when the sample hold switch is on and the horizontal selection switch is off.

Abstract: A switching element is formed by sequentially depositing on an insulating substrate a gate electrode, a gate insulating film made of an inorganic insulating film, a semiconductor layer, a channel protecting layer, an n+Si layer that will form a source electrode and a drain electrode. Next, a metal layer and a transparent conductive film are formed on edges of the source electrode and the drain electrode. The insulating substrate on which the above films have been deposited is cleaned with vacuum ultraviolet light, before further depositing an interlayer insulating film and a pixel electrode. A substrate for use in a display element obtained in this manner exhibits an excellent adhesion strength between the film processed with vacuum ultraviolet light and a film adjacent to the film processed with vacuum ultraviolet light.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device is composed of at least one optical retardation compensator plate 2 (and 3) inserted between a liquid crystal display element 1 and polarizer plates 4 and 5. The liquid crystal display element 1 is composed of a pair of electrode substrates 6 and 7 and a liquid crystal layer 8 sealed therebetween. The polarizer plates 4 and 5 flank the liquid crystal display element 1. The optical retardation compensator plate 2 (and 3) has a negative refractive index anisotropy (na=Nc>nb). The direction of a principal refractive index nb parallel to the normal to the surface and the direction of either a principal refractive index na or nc in the surface incline either clockwise or counterclockwise around the direction of the principal refractive index nc or na in the surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: a main substrate having a main electrode; a counter substrate having a counter electrode; a liquid crystal material interposed between the main substrate and the counter substrate; and a control section for controlling a response start time of the liquid crystal material by a potential difference between a main electrode voltage that is applied to the main electrode during one frame and a counter electrode voltage that changes in a substantially continuous manner during the one frame, and for changing a transmissivity of the liquid crystal display device based on a magnitude of the main electrode voltage.

Abstract: A backup memory has a plural number of pages (e.g., page 0, page 1 . . . ) including machine-status data. Each page stores machine-status data such as the number of prints, machine usage information data, machine condition data, accounting information data, etc. The machine-status data has a HEAD portion and a DATA portion including DATA0, DATA1 and DATA2. The HEAD portion designates the latest written position of the above three pieces of DATA portion. For example, if data is last written into DATA2 in the DATA portion, the HEAD portion should take a value of 3. The DATA portions are interrelated to each other.

Abstract: A document-image reading device that can analyze a speed fluctuation state of a scanner when scanning an image in the feed direction by separately extracting speed fluctuation components by reading a change in density of reference scale lines and, on the basis of the analysis result, prevents the occurrence of an image blur that may be resulting from unstable factors of a driving mechanism.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a scanner, which reads a plurality of images and inputs them as multivalue digital image data; a matching data producing section which, based on the inputted multivalue image data, produces matching data for joining the respective inputted images; a post-processing section, which binarizes the image data of each image inputted by the scanner; a joining section, which synthesizes the respective inputted images into a single image by joining the binary data produced by the post-processing section, which corresponds to the image data of the respective inputted images, on the basis of the matching data produced by the matching data producing section; and a printer for outputting the image joined by the joining section. Thus an image processing device can be provided which is capable of joining any type of image, whether from written characters, halftone dot, or photographic originals, and of performing this joining processing at high speed.

Abstract: A low-voltage, low-inductance device for storing electrical charge in a snubber circuit and a method of minimizing inductance in the snubber circuit using the device, wherein the device includes a plurality of extended electrodes, in parallel or series, that are joined to a positive conductor terminal at one end spray and at a negative conductor terminal at the other end spray so that end sprays of adjacent extended electrodes are alternately joined to the positive and negative conductor terminals. Accordingly, current flowing though adjacent extended electrodes is of substantially equal intensity but different in direction. As a result, inductance produced effectively cancels out that of adjacent extended electrodes.

Abstract: To provide an ultrasonic cleaning device (1) that ensures stable operation of a vibrating element for generating ultrasonic without a complex structure and distribution of a great quantity of a cleaning liquid and (2) that is capable of cleaning upper and lower surfaces of a cleaning target easily, an ultrasonic cleaning section of the device is provided with an upper cleaning-liquid-supply nozzle and a lower cleaning-liquid-supply nozzle for projection of ultrasonic. The upper cleaning-liquid-supply nozzle supplies an upper surface cleaning liquid to an upper surface of a glass substrate. The lower cleaning-liquid-supply nozzle supplies the lower surface cleaning liquid to a lower surface of the substrate in a form of shower to which ultrasonic has been projected.

Abstract: A container and a lid for closing it are disclosed. The container has an open end, a closed end and a peripheral sidewall therebetween. The peripheral sidewall has a rolled rim at the edge thereof adjacent the open end of the container. The lid has a dome-shaped structure. A peripheral rim curl is provided for locking the lid to the rolled rim of the container to close the open end. The lid also has a central region and a plurality of arched struts extending radially between the central region and the peripheral rim curl. At least one tabular hinged drinking region is provided in the lid. The tabular hinged drinking region is structured and arranged to be depressed into the container, thereby providing at least one flow-through opening in the tabular hinged drinking region of the lid. Preferably, the depressed tabular hinged drinking region is self-locking.

Abstract: A light transmission device includes an optical fiber cable having a plug and a holder having a plug insertion hole into which the plug of the optical fiber cable is inserted, wherein an engaging projection is provided on an outer surface of the plug, an engaging groove corresponding with the projection is provided on a wall of the plug insertion hole, and a shutter for closing the plug insertion hole is provided, the shutter being opened and closed in the inside of the plug insertion hole by turning about a pivot extending substantially vertically or parallel to a line composed of an optional point in the groove and a point on a wall of the plug insertion hole rightly opposite to the optional point.

Abstract: An image processing portion for conducting the specified processing of an image to be reproduced by an image forming portion based on the processed image data is constructed as a single control portion. Consequently, the development of a variety of digital copying machines requires preparation of specially designated control boards according to levels of the products. This makes machines expensive and requires users to pay a considerable initial cost.

Abstract: The image forming device according to the present invention performs resolution conversion processing or scaling processing of a binary image and outputs a processed image. The present image forming device is provided with an edge detecting section, which, during resolution conversion or scaling of the binary image, detects edges of the image and detects lengths and shapes of the edges, and with an interpolated/skipped line producing section, which performs resolution conversion processing or scaling processing based on the lengths and shapes of edges detected by the edge detecting section.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device capable of displaying every frame an image that is not influenced by the previous frame at all by removing an afterimage attributed to a change in dielectric constant at the time of response of liquid crystals. A scanning line GL1 is made to have a voltage of +15 V so as to turn on first and third TFT elements 1 and 3 constructed of an n-type MOS transistor and turn off a second TFT element 2 constructed of a p-type MOS transistor. A signal voltage Vs is applied to a memory capacitance Cm via the first TFT element 1, charging the memory capacitance Cm up to the signal. voltage Vs. Simultaneously with this operation, electric charges of a pixel capacitance Cp are discharged via the third TFT element 3. The other scanning lines GL2, GL3, . . .

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state image pickup apparatus capable of reducing man-hours for bonding, improving bonding quality, and being readily integrated into peripheral devices, and a manufacturing method thereof. The solid-state image pickup apparatus of the present invention includes a transparent substrate having a projecting electrode connection electrode terminal, and a solid-state image pickup device in which each first projecting electrode corresponding to the projecting electrode connection electrode terminal is formed on each electric signal I/O terminal, the transparent substrate and the solid-state image pickup device being bonded by face-down packaging. The projecting electrode connection electrode terminal and each first projecting electrode are connected by ultrasonic bonding. On electrode terminals of the transparent substrate are respectively formed second projecting electrodes.

Abstract: A photodetector includes a photoelectric conversion layer for performing an insulator-metal transition by receiving light, and a pair of electrodes provided opposite to each other in contact with the photoelectric conversion layer, between which a voltage is applied. In the photodetector, the pair of electrodes are arranged on the photoelectric conversion layer such that a region of the photoelectric conversion layer which performs the insulator-metal transition and a region to which the voltage is applied through the pair of electrodes are substantially coincident with each other.

Abstract: Particles are cooled at a particle introducing section by a cooling device. A vapor of modifying agent for modifying the particles is produced by heating the modifying agent in a vapor producing chamber by a heating device. Further, a supersaturated vapor of the modifying agent is produced around the particles by mixing the cooled particles with the vapor of the modifying agent. The modifying agent condenses on the surface of the particles by the production of the supersaturated vapor, and consequently, a film of the modifying agent is formed on the surface of the particles. A thick film of the modifying agent can be formed if this film forming step is carried out repetitively. Thus, modified particles having formed thereon a thick uniform film of the modifying agent can be produced by quite a simple manipulation in a very short time.

Abstract: In a facsimile apparatus equipped with a plurality of printing paper cassettes or trays for accommodating printing paper on which an output image is to be printed, the apparatus has designation means for designating one of the plurality of printing paper cassettes or trays as a special cassette or tray for accommodating separating paper in accordance with user's operation, and the special cassette or tray is controlled so that the paper accommodated in the special cassette or tray is not used to print the output image.