Abstract: 2-Amino-2-deoxy-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucoses of the general structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl (1-7C), substituted alkyl (1-7C), phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl, or substituted benzyl;R.sub.2 is alkyl, substituted alky, phenyl, or substituted phenyl and each R.sub.2 may be the same group or a different group;R.sub.3 is H or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.8 is H or lower alkyl (1-10C), and provided at least one of R.sub.3 is not H,R.sub.9 is H, or R.sub.9 -R.sub.10 together is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --;R.sub.10 is H, alkyl (L-7C), hydroxymethyl, mercaptomethyl, benzyl, or substituted benzyl;R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 each is carboxyl, esterified carboxyl (1-7C), amidated carboxyl, or mono- or di-alkyl- (1-3C) amidated carboxyl;R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different and are H, aliphatic or aromatic acyl (2-21C) or substituted acyl (2-21C);when R.sub.8 is lower alkyl, the stereochemistry at asymmetric center I can be either D or L;when R.sub.

Abstract: A diagnostic reagent for hepatitis A antibody is prepared by adhering hepatitis A antibody to a surface by non-specific adsorption followed by specific coupling of hepatitis A antigen to the antibody. This reagent is useful in an in vitro assay for hepatitis A antibody.

Abstract: 2-Amino-2-deoxy-glycoses of the general structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl (1-7C), substituted alkyl (1-7C), phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl, or substituted benzyl;R.sub.2 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl;R.sub.3 is H or lower alkyl (1-10C) with the proviso that when the aminoglycose has the 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose configuration, R.sub.3 cannot be H;R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are same or different and are H, aliphatic or aromatic acyl (2-21C) or substituted acyl (2-21C);R.sub.6 is H, or R.sub.6 -R.sub.7 together is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --,R.sub.7 is H, alkyl (1-7C), hydroxymethyl, mercaptomethyl, benzyl, or substituted benzyl;R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 each is carboxyl, esterified carboxyl (1-7C), amidated carboxyl, or mono- or di-alkyl-(1-3C)-amidated carboxyl;provided that when R.sub.

Abstract: Herpes virus subunit antigens suitable for vaccine use are prepared by (1) treating virus-infected cells with a surfactant and varying concentrations of salt to extract and solubilize viral-directed glycoproteins, (2) fractionating the solubilized material by chromatographic procedures to enrich the viral-directed glycoproteins and to remove unwanted proteins and nucleic acids, and (3) optionally treating the subunit antigens with deoxyribonuclease and formaldehyde to assure safety.

Abstract: Immunologically active compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-7 alkyl; substituted C.sub.1-7 alkyl; phenyl; or substituted phenyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen; C.sub.1-7 alkyl; substituted C.sub.1-7 alkyl; phenyl; substituted phenyl; phenyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl; or substituted phenyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be the same or different and are each independently hydrogen, provided that R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may not both be hydrogen; or ##STR2## where X is --O--; --S--; or ##STR3## R.sub.10 is hydrogen; C.sub.1-30 alkyl; C.sub.2-30 alkenyl; C.sub.1-30 alkoxy; phenyl; C.sub.1-20 alkylsulfonyl; or cholesteryl;R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.13, R.sub.14, and R.sub.15 may be the same or different and are each independently hydrogen; C.sub.1-20 alkyl; C.sub.1-20 alkylcarbonyloxy; amino; benzyl; C.sub.1-20 alkoxymethyl; C.sub.1-20 alkylamido; or ##STR4## r is 0 or 1; s is 0 or 1; and t is 0 to 20; provided that s may only be 0 when both r and t are greater than 0 or when r is 0 and R.sub.

Abstract: Fluid containing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is concentrated and separated from contaminating material by ultrafiltration before undergoing further processing to isolate HBsAg.

Abstract: An improved stabilized liquid live viral vaccine contains a live virus, partially hydrolyzed gelatin, a monosaccharide or disaccharide, a cell culture medium, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine and sufficient physiologically acceptable acidic buffer to maintain the pH at from about 6.0 to about 6.5.

Abstract: An improved stabilized liquid live viral vaccine contains a live virus, partially hydrolyzed gelatin, a monosaccharide or disaccharide, a cell culture medium, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine and sufficient physiologically acceptable acidic buffer to maintain the pH at from about 6.0 to about 6.5.

Abstract: Disclosed are substituted N-methylene derivatives of thienamycin which may be represented by the following structural formula: ##STR1## wherein X and Y are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, R, OR, SR, and NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 wherein, inter alia, R is substituted or unsubstituted: alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or R. Such compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ether, ester and amide derivatives are useful as antibiotics. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of such compounds; pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; and methods of treatment comprising administering such compounds and compositions when an antibiotic effect is indicated.

Abstract: Semi-automated assays for viral infectivity and an assay for serum neutralizing antibody content are based on staining the cells and macroscopic reading of the cytopathic effect.

Abstract: A method for determining the end point in a viral assay comprisingelectronically scanning a microtiter plate to obtain a plurality of data points from each well,transmitting the data points to a digital computer programed to analyze the data points from each well to determine whether each well is positive or negative for CPE in accordance with predetermined parameters, andcalculating the viral titer from the positive or negative results for each well.

Abstract: A herpes simplex type 1 subunit vaccine is prepared from infected chick embryo cells by urea-extraction of the virus while the infected cells are still attached to the growth surface.

Abstract: Immunologically active compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-7 alkyl, substituted C.sub.1-7 alkyl; phenyl; or substituted phenyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen; or C.sub.1-10 alkyl;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be the same or different and are each independently hydrogen or acyl of the formula: ##STR2## where X is --O--, --S--, --CH.sub.2 --, or ##STR3## R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.12 may be the same or different and are each independently hydrogen; C.sub.1-20 alkyl; C.sub.2-20 alkenyl; C.sub.1-20 alkylcarbonyloxy; amino; phenyl; benzyl; C.sub.1-20 alkoxymethyl; or C.sub.1-20 alkylamido;R.sub.11 is hydrogen; C.sub.1-30 alkyl; C.sub.2-30 alkenyl; C.sub.1-30 alkoxy; phenyl; C.sub.1-20 alkylsulfonyl; or cholesteryl; andm is 0-90; and n is 0 or 1, provided that when n is 0, R.sub.

Abstract: Immunologically active compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-7 alkyl, substituted C.sub.1-7 alkyl; phenyl; or substituted phenyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen; or C.sub.1-10 alkyl;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be the same or different and are each independently acyl of the formula: ##STR2## where X is --O--, --S--, or ##STR3## R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.12 may be the same or different and are each independently hydrogen; C.sub.1-20 alkyl; C.sub.1-20 alkylcarbonyloxy; amino; benzyl; C.sub.1-20 alkoxymethyl; or C.sub.1-20 alkylamido;r is 0 or 1; s is 0 or 1; and t is 0-20, provided that s may only be 0 when r and t are greater than 0, or when r is 0 and R.sub.11 is amino, phenyl, substituted phenyl, 1-adamantyl, or heterocycle selected from the group consisting of 2- or 3-furyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, and 1-tetrazolyl, said hetero-cycle optionally substituted with C.sub.1-20 alkylcarbonyl; andR.sub.11 is hydrogen; C.sub.1-30 alkyl; C.sub.2-30 alkenyl; C.sub.

Abstract: Immunologic adjuvants are obtained by the synthesis of 6-(5-cholesten-3.beta.-yloxy)hexyl 6-amino-6-deoxy-1-thio-.beta.-D-galactopyranoside and its 6-deoxy-6-oleamido derivative.

Abstract: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is produced in high titer from tissue cultures grown on a hollow fiber capillary unit.

Abstract: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HB.sub.s Ag) is produced in vitro in high titer and purity from tissue cultures of cells that shed HB.sub.s Ag by growing the cells with a first incubation at elevated temperature followed by a second incubation at a lower elevated temperature.

Abstract: An immune adherence hemagglutination assay for detection of hepatitis A antigen or antibody. Plasma having known high titer of hepatitis A antibody, and gamma globulin having known high titer of hepatitis A antibody.

Abstract: Use of a static mixing system element as a tissue culture propagator. The element comprises an assembly of parallel sheets shaped to provide a plurality of mixing cells wherein fluid entering a cell from two separate inlet channels is rearranged due to shearing and extensional forces and divided into two new outlet streams each of which leaves the mixing cell in a different direction from either inlet stream. The configuration of the device provides uniform flow across all surfaces for precise control of growth conditions and maximum cell growth.