Abstract: A method for producing chips from a wafer of low thickness, in which the wafer has an active side on which integrated circuits are arranged in a grid with interspaces and a metallized backside facing away from the active side, the method preferably includes the steps of: coating the active side of the wafer with a protective coating; covering the active side with a mask having light-transmitting lines disposed along the interspaces between the integrated circuits, the mask being otherwise non-light transmitting, exposing the light-transmitting lines to light for producing exposed lines; etching away the exposed lines; producing trenches having depth from the exposed lines; removing the protective coating on the active side of the wafer, applying a carrier on the active side of the wafer; grinding the metallized backside of the wafer; removing the metallized backside by way of etching to a wafer thickness of about 20 microns greater than the depth of the trenches; removing the metallized backside to a base of

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the wear resistance of the surface of a sample object includes an abrasive grinding belt, run between the sample object and a counter-body, with the grinding belt being pressed against the sample object with a predetermined force by the counter-body. The position of the counter-body is determined at, at least, a first position and a second position, each occurring at two different points in time. The wear resistance of the surface of the sample object is determined from the difference in determined positions.

Abstract: A robotic device having a body with an upper surface resiliently connected to a lower surface and having a bump sensor including a contact point on the lower surface, which contact pint is in its normal position when centrally located within a sensor device, which is an aperture having a conducting inner periphery, which sensor device is located in the upper surface of the robotic device, so that a bump on the upper surface is detected by the robotic device when the contact point abuts the aperture conducting inner periphery.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lens array having a laterally movable axis for corpuscular rays, particularly for transmission from areas of an object surface onto the focal plane by means of electrons. The inventive array consists of a combined lens comprising a cylinder lens and a quadrupole lens provided with slit diaphragms which can be impinged upon by electric and/or magnetic fields. The optical axis of the quadrupole lens is oriented parallel to the axis of the cylinder lens and defines the optical axis of the projection, the position of which can be altered in relation to the axis of the cylinder lens. The quadrupole lens is in focus in the sector in which the cylinder lens is not in focus and is out of focus in the section in which the cylinder lens is in focus. The inventive combined lens can be operated as an immersion lens for projecting secondary electrons. The immersion field consists of at least two adjacent axially aligned fields.

Abstract: There is described a device for the non-invasive measurement of one or more analytes in blood in a patient's body part which comprises a light transmitter comprising a plurality of transmitting fibres positioned to transmit light to the body part and a light detector comprising a plurality of light detector fibres position to detect light transmitted through or reflected from the body part. The device especially utilises the non-pulsatile element of a patient's blood. There is also described a method of measuring blood glucose levels and a device programmed so as to calculate one or more of the haemoglobin index, the oxygen index and the blood oxygen saturation.

Abstract: The pouring closure (1) for liquid packagings (2) comprises a pouring stem (9) with a radially projecting bottom edge (12) and a threaded cover (11). Threaded cover (11) has a larger diameter than pouring stem (9), and an elastically deformable ring element (10) is disposed between pouring stem (9) and threaded cover (11). The ring surface (13) of the ring element runs obliquely to the ring plane, with the inner ring edge (14) ending in an downwardly directed projection (15) which can be clipped over pouring stem (9). The outer ring edge (16) ends in an upwardly directed projection (25), which is provided with an outer thread (26) for screwing on cover (11). The ring element (10) can be elastically deformed to spring into two stable states, namely and firstly, into a state with the ring surface (13) sloping downwards from the inner (14) to the outer (16) ring edge. In this state, the pouring closure (1) is compressed, and less than 5 mm high.

Abstract: A slit lens arrangement for particle beams, and particularly for the projection of a mask onto a workpiece, includes a combined lens, having a cylinder lens and a quadrupole lens, the optical axes of which run parallel to each other, so that the optical axis of the quadrupole lens may be displaced in a parallel manner and which may have a gap-like opening between the pole shoes or in the electrodes with the same spatial relationship to each other. Both lenses are thus so arranged relative to each other, that the focussing of the quadrupole lens occurs in that plane in which the cylinder lens is not focussed, and the defocusing of the quadrupole lens occurs in that plane in which the cylinder lens focuses. Two combined lenses are provided with functionally identical elements arranged such that the optical axes of both lenses lie coaxial to each other, defining the mid-axis of the total system and in which the beam path is telescopic throughout the entire slit lens arrangement.

Abstract: A homogeneous or pre-mixed charge auto-ignition engine comprising two interconnected chambers (20, 30) one of which is the combustion chamber (20) and the other (30) containing the power transmitting member (31). Between the two chambers (20, 30) there is means to control the pressure movement (40, 41, 43, 46) therebetween when the air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (20) ignites so that the force of combustion is effectively applied to the piston (31).

Abstract: A mixture of a citrus agent which contains, for example, a bioflavenoid, and caprylic acid acts synergistically to treat plants by providing anti-bacterial and anti-fungal protection to plants. In a preferred embodiment, a micro-nutrient is added to the mixture to simulate plant growth, while continuing to provide the stated protection to plants.

Abstract: A self-cleaning oscillating conveyor includes a vertical tube and a conveyor channel that is helically wound upwardly around the vertical tube with a corresponding electromagnetic oscillating unit and a casing tube, which surrounds the exterior of the conveyor channel. The chamber between the vertical tube and the casing tube can be sprayed by several nozzles, which penetrate the interior of the vertical tube, or the exterior of the casing tube, with a liquid detergent, sprayed under pressure and using a delivery pump. The cleaning liquid runs onto the collection plate and over the rim thereof into a collection channel having a drain. In a preferred embodiment, semi-tubes, or half-tubes, are longitudinally mounted onto the casing tube in a sealed manner and a row of nozzles penetrates the casing tube from the chamber between the interior of the semi-tubes and the casing tube towards the interior.

Abstract: A modular barrier includes a plurality of identical barrier sections. Each section 10 includes a base portion 12 surmounted by an upright portion 14. The upright portion has projections 16, 18 with substantially semicylindrical outer surfaces at its ends. Correspondingly shaped recesses 20, 22 are also provided. At a female end, the base portion 12 includes a nose 28. The surface of the nose is a surface of rotation of the profile of the base portion 12. At the male end, the base portion 12 includes a correspondingly shaped cavity 30. The first and second projections 16, 18 and nose 28 are provided with bores 32, 34, 36. When the female end of the barrier section 10 is brought up to a male end of a similar section, the projections mate with one another and the nose 28 is received in the cavity 30 of the similar section. A hinge pin (not shown) may then be passed through the bores 32, 34, and 36.

Abstract: A textile includes a plurality of individual elements of material with each of the plurality of individual elements having a given shape, with the given shape of one of the individual elements being either the same or different from one or more other individual elements. A plurality of segments of material are placed on at least one of the individual elements with adjacent segments of the plurality of segments being formed with complementary shapes to one another. The plurality of segments are able to be connected to at least one of the individual elements in either a non-detachable or detachable manner.

Abstract: An immobilization system for a vehicle for assisting law enforcement includes a first remote control device, which transmits a predetermined wireless control signal, and a second remote control device, which includes a first directional antenna for transmitting a selectable wireless control signal in a first direction and a second directional antenna for transmitting a wireless enable signal in a second direction. The second remote control device includes an externally operable device for selecting the wireless control signal and the enable signal to be transmitted. A receiver is included for receiving the control signal and the enable signal with the predetermined control signal being substantially unique to the receiver. A device for disabling a vehicle by police, in response to either the predetermined control signal or the selectable control signal, is provided for allowing capture of those assailants seeking to escape by use of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A needle for use in taking a bone marrow biopsy comprises a hollow tube having a front end portion formed to a reduced diameter by swaging. The front end is tapered by means of a number of circumferentially-spaced facets, forming a cutting edge. A tapering transition portion, between the main portion of the hollow tube and its reduced-diameter front end portion, is formed with a series of flutes which help in the needle cutting through the cortical bone. A spacer is provided for use in pushing the sample rearwardly out of the hollow tube, the spacer having a through-passage through which a trocar needle is passed and serving for accurate alignment of the distal ends of the hollow tube and trocar needle.

Abstract: An optical particle corrector with a straight optical axis for eliminating color and aperture aberrations in optical particle lenses includes multipole elements in the form of electric and/or magnetic quadrupole and octupole elements. There are at least twelve quadrupole elements and ten octupole elements, in which three quadrupole elements and two octupole elements are assembled into a group. These groups are arranged successively along the straight optical axis, in which a first symmetrical plane is defined between the first and second groups, a second symmetrical plane is defined between the second and third groups and a third symmetrical plane is defined between the third and fourth groups. The multipole elements from one group to another correspond to each other in pairs, in which the multipole elements of the corresponding following group are positioned in reverse order along the straight optical axis in comparison with the corresponding multipole elements of the preceding group.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for deploying assemblies, for example, for surveillance equipment, in which a single remotely-operated carriage is used to position each assembly, in turn, on a respective upright support pole. The carriage can be moved away from the assembly when the assembly is located at a desired position on the support pole. Assemblies may, therefore, be deployed more cost effectively than by existing methods and apparatus, which require each assembly to be motorized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detachable assembly of two elements between which at least one shaft is arranged and which is secured on at least one end thereof to a holding fixture that is mounted on one of the elements. The holding fixture can be rotated, in relation to said element, around an axis that runs substantially perpendicular to the shaft. The holding fixture can be held in non-positive fit in each rotational position in relation to the shaft and/or element. The shaft (3) is secured to the holding fixture (1) and can be rotated around a distant axis that is approximately parallel to the axis of the holding fixture (1).

Abstract: A wood working tool includes a cutting blade, a carrier, which can receive wood, and a guide device associated with the carrier for causing movement past the cutting blade on a predetermined path, so that a timer carried by the carrier can be cut reproducibly to size. The carrier may have a groove which corresponds to the shape to be cut, which is received by the guide device, and on movement of the carrier, the interaction between the groove and the guide device causes the carrier to follow a required path. The tool can be provided with a device for allowing a number of similar articles to be cut from a single piece of material and the cutting of similar pieces can be effected automatically.

Abstract: A caravan having a lower body portion and an upper body portion with at least one hinge connecting the lower body portion to the upper body portion at one end of the caravan. The hinges connecting the upper and lower body portions allows the upper body portion to rotate relative to the lower body portion about an axis from a first position, where the upper body portion and the lower body portion are in close abutment, to a second position, where the upper body portion and the lower body portion have been rotated a predetermined distance about the hinge, so that the upper body portion is elevated above the lower body portion and no longer in close abutment to the lower body portion.

Abstract: There is described a sensor device which comprises light source means for emitting a light beam, photodetector means for receiving the light beam after passing through or being reflected within living tissue and arranged to provide signals corresponding to the intensities of the respective wavelength of light received by the photodetector means characterised in that the sensor device measures blood oxygen saturation. The device can be used in conjunction with a conventional pulse oximeter. There is also described a method of measuring blood oxygen saturation.