Abstract: An optical transmission system is disclosed, in which the transmission of the optical soliton pulses is controlled by controlling the wavelength dispersion of the optical fiber transmission line for each long section including a plurality of optical amplifier repeaters. In this case,the first sections having an average value of the wavelength dispersion larger than the dispersion value meeting with the soliton condition and the second sections having an average value of the wavelength dispersion smaller than the dispersion value meeting with the soliton condition are alternatively allocated in the optical fiber transmission line, so that the average value of the wavelength dispersion of the entire length of the optical fiber transmission line assumes a positive value.

Abstract: An electrolytic copper plating method using a reducing agent is provided, wherein a catalyzed, electrically nonconductive substrate is dipped in a solution, which contains a copper salt, a copper-reducing agent for the acceleration of copper deposition and a copper-complexing agent and has a pH value of about 6 to 7.5, for electrolysis at a temperature of about 15.degree. C. to 50.degree. C., thereby forming an electrically conductive film of copper on said electrically nonconductive substrate. This method can be used in place of conventional electroless copper plating, dispense with any harmful substance such as formaldehyde, be easily analyzed and controlled, form an electrically conductive film of copper on an electrically nonconductive substrate with improved adhesion thereto, and is effectively applicable to making printed circuit boards in particular.

Abstract: A packing sheet is formed on a calender having a rotatable large diameter heated cylinder and a rotatable smaller diameter unheated cylinder, with a gap between the cylinders, by feeding a preformed mixture of rubber material, fiber and solvent into the gap between the cylinders while the cylinders are rotating in opposite directions to form on the circumference of the large diameter cylinder a layer of progressively increasing thickness of the mixture during successive rotation of the cylinders. While the cylinders are thus rotating, heat from an external heat source is applied to the outer surface of the layer of material on the large diameter heated cylinder so that the material is heated both by heat from the large diameter heated cylinder and heat from the external heat source and is thereby vulcanized to form a cylindrical packing sheet. The cylinders are then stopped, the packing sheet is cut lengthwise of the cylinder and is stripped from the cylinder.

Abstract: A selection diversity system using a decision feedback equalizer which has excellent tracking ability performance and equalization ability performance for frequency selective fading and a diversity effect against Rayleight fading. In a selection diversity system using a decision feedback equalizer, a decision data symbol of the equalizer output of a branch in which an average estimation error over a plurality of symbols is minimum is selected and combined, and the selected decision data symbol is used to recalculate the estimation error of every decision feedback equalizer and the tap gain coefficient of the decision feedback equalizer is updated using the recalculated estimation error, thereby overcoming the step out by the integration of the estimation error and the random selection error which is caused by the selective combined diversity system.

Abstract: Apparatus for color illumination of stages, dance floors, skating rinks and the like. Prismatic plates made of a material transparent to light each have parallel triangular prisms. The prisms have an apex of 60 degrees and light sources emitting different primary color light incident on the opposite sides of the individual prisms result in combined beams of primary colors to be emitted by the individual prisms having a width corresponding to a width of a corresponding prism emitting the combined beam. The prismatic plates can be arranged so that the combined beams of the prisms of one prismatic plate are incident on a second prismatic plate having an independent light source mitting a third primary color incident thereon so that each combined beam emitted by the second prismatic plate prisms has three primary colors.

Abstract: A method and charging apparatus for feeding successively individual strips of a deformable material to a calender for calendering under pressure between at least two rotatably driven calender rolls. The strips are produced from a strand of an elongated mass of deformable material provided from an extruder or rolling mill which is then cut into individual strips transported to a roller conveyor which positions them in a common plane successively at a selected or determined position extending transversely of the roller conveyor rollers in a direction parallel to the length direction of the calender rolls.

Abstract: Nitrogen-doped group II-VI compound semiconductor thin film manufacturing method and apparatus which are applicable to an MOVPE process. The group II-VI compound semiconductor thin film manufacturing method according to the present invention is characterized by the use of osmium as a catalyst to activate nitrogen molecules. The growth device according to the present invention has a construction wherein a nitrogen gas introducing pipe for blowing a nitrogen gas against a semiconductor substrate is disposed in a reaction chamber for growing the group II-VI compound semiconductor thin film by the MOVPE process and the osmium is disposed between the semiconductor substrate and the nitrogen gas introducing pipe.

Abstract: A speech encoder circuit of a waveform coding system. An analog speech input signal having coded data therein is received by a buffer and split into two branches. In a first branch the input signal is applied to a subtractor of an adaptive predictor to obtain a predicted residual signal subjected to an orthogonal transformation in a discrete cosine transform unit to convert the residual signal into a frequency domain of each of the frames of the individual blocks. An adaptive encoder in the first branch quantizes the frequency domain frame and branches its digital coded output to a branch for output to a transmission line and to a decoding branch. In the second branch of the split input signal a first sample delay element delays the split input signal for a given number of samples and a first attenuator in the second branch delays the output of the first sample delay element a given amount of each frame received for application to the subtractor for obtaining the predicted residual signal.

Abstract: Multi-slice selectable resolution NMR data acquisition in which multiple slice regions in an object are defined, and the slice regions are excited to emit NMR signals. The NMR signals are spatially encoded, and at least two selected slice regions are excited to emit NMR signals encoded with different spatial resolutions.

Abstract: An optical short pulse generating device is disclosed, in which semiconductor laser light of a fixed intensity is launched into a first semiconductor electroabsorption optical modulator which is driven by a 0V or forward bias voltage and a sinusoidal voltage, and the output light from the first optical modulator is launched into a second electroabsorption optical modulator to which is applied a bias voltage and a sinusoidal voltage having delayed from the said sinusoidal voltage for a period of time corresponding to the phase reversal thereof, whereby it is possible to generate optical short pulses of a repetition frequency twice higher than the oscillation frequency of a sinusoidal voltage generator.

Abstract: Apparatus for drying wood or other solid material has an elongate cylindrical vessel in which there is an elongate platform on which is placed the material to be dried. The platform divides the interior of the vessel into an upper drying chamber and a lower condensing chamber with restricted communication between the two chambers. In the drying chamber there is a heater and one or more fans for circulating the air and water vapor in the chamber. An air cooling channel of much greater width than height extends below the vessel for its full length and is formed between a lower part of the vessel and a spaced outer wall formed of sheet metal or plastic and preferably heat insulated. One or more fans in the base of a chimney at one end of the cooling channel produce variable and reversible flow of air through the cooling channel.

Abstract: Electrolysis cell for the production of a gas, comprising at least two electrolysis chambers, respectively anodic (2) and cathodic (3), one at least of which is in communication, at its lower part, with an electrolyte entry pipe (5) and, at its upper part, with an electrolyte degassing chamber (7) sited above it and provided with a gas discharge opening (8) and with an electrolyte discharge opening (16), an electrolyte recycling pipe (10) connecting the degassing chamber (7) to the entry pipe (5) and including a valve (11) which is open or closed according to whether the pressure downstream (B) of the valve (11) is less than or greater than the pressure upstream (A) of the valve.

Abstract: Electrolyser for the production of a gas, comprising a battery (1) of electrolysis cells with membranes, in which the separation between the anode (8) and the cathode (28) is greater than the thickness of the membrane (4), an electrolyte degassing chamber (15), in communication with the upper part of the anodic (or cathodic) chambers (3), and an electrolyte recycling pipe (20, 21) joining the degassing chamber (15) to electrolyte distributors (10, 11, 12, 13) which are in communication with the anodic (cathodic) chambers (3) of the cells, the recycling pipe (20, 21) having a head loss coefficient which is equal, at most, to the overall coefficient of the head losses of the anodic (cathodic) chambers (3), of the distributors (10, 11, 12, 13) and of the degassing chamber (15).

Abstract: A method which permits the growth of high-quality crystals of n-type II-VI compound semiconductors containing sulfur, by suppressing the reaction of a group III or VII element as a dopant with a group II material at low temperature. A raw material gas containing an organometallic material of the group III or organic material of the group VII is premixed with a raw material gas containing organic sulfur material, then the premixture is mixed with a raw material gas containing an organometallic material of the group II, and the mixture is used to grow a crystal of an n-type II-VI compound semiconductor on a semiconductor substrate by a metal organic vapor phase epitaxial growth method.

Abstract: A chromatic dispersion measuring method and apparatus are disclosed which permit highly accurate measurements of the wavelength dispersion characteristic of an optical transmission such as an optical fiber or an optical amplifier repeater system. Measurements are made on the propagation time of a first optical signal of a fixed wavelength through an optical transmission line to be measured and the propagation time through the same optical transmission line of a second optical signal whose wavelength can be arbitrarily set over the measuring wavelength band. By obtaining a difference between the both propagation times, it is possible to obtain only a change in the propagation time of each signal which is caused by a change in the wavelength of the second optical signal. That is, the elongation or shrinkage of the optical fiber has an equal influence on both of the first optical signal and the second optical signal, and hence does not induce an error in the detection of the above-said time difference.

Abstract: To perform waveform shaping, retiming and amplification of the transmitted pulse signal of a binary PCM fiber optic communication employing an optical pulse signal which has a pulse duty factor within 1 with respect to a time slot, an optical waveform shaping device is proposed in which the optical pulse signal is branched by an optical branch circuit into two optical signals. The one transmitted optical signal passes through a photodetector, a band-pass filter for extracting the fundamental frequency component of the signal, an amplifier and a delay circuit, so that the signal is converted to a sinusoidal voltage synchronized with the optical pulse signal. The other optical signal passes through a semiconductor electrical absorption type optical modulator which is driven by the sinusoidal voltage and a DC voltage, so that the width of a gate waveform is changed by controlling the amplitude of the sinusoidal voltage and the DC voltage.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide by electrodialysis of an aqueous solution (15) of a sodium salt derived from an acid of pK lower than the pK of carbonic acid, the solution being obtained by circulating an aqueous solution of the said acid (14) and an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate (13) on either side of a cationic membrane (12).

Abstract: The short optical pulse generator is provided with a semiconductor laser which oscillates continuously at a single wavelength, a semiconductor electro-absorption type optical modulator which performs the intensity modulation of the output light from the laser, and a sinusoidal voltage generator and a DC voltage generator for driving the electro-absorption type optical modulator. A DC voltage is applied to the electro-absorption type optical modulator so that the output light from the laser is sufficiently extinguished. By applying a sinusoidal voltage to the optical modulator, short optical pulses are generated.

Abstract: A multiple quantum well structure which permits substantially uniform injection of carriers from the outside into respective quantum well layers of the multiple quantum well and a semiconductor device employing such a multiple quantum well structure. A multiple quantum well structure is formed by laminating at least two pairs of quantum well layers each having a thickness substantially equal to the de Broglie's wave-length of electrons and barrier layers of an energy gap greater than that of the quantum well layers, and the multiple quantum well structure is doped with at least one of p-type and n-type impurities in a manner to slope the energy band of the entire multiple quantum well structure so that carriers injected thereinto are distributed uniformly throughout it.