Abstract: Grinding apparatus in which lignocellulosic material such as wood chips is ground between a pair of grinding discs which rotate relatively to one another within a housing into which the material is advanced through a feed-in opening by means of a feed screw which rotates in a concentric sleeve extending between the central feed-in opening and an intake opening for the material. The feed screw comprises a series of inner screw flights mounted on a central shaft, which screw flights support and are enveloped by a series of outer ribbon-like screw flights. The inner screw flights are designed primarily to propel the material radially outwards towards the wall of the surrounding sleeve, whereas the outer ribbon-like screw flights are designed primarily to advance the material in an axial direction towards the central feed-in opening.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing fiberboard and the like from fibrous sheeting material by the dry method, in which the fibrous sheeting material is advanced from a forming station while supported on a perforated endless belt to a pressing station where it is compressed to desired thickness and compactness. During the advancement of the sheeting material from the forming station to the pressing station, air is evacuated from the fibrous material by suction from beneath the endless belt while the sheeting is being simultaneously subjected to a preliminary compression, without disturbing the fiber orientation therein, but sufficient to render the sheeting material self-supporting during its further advancement to the pressing station, from which it is passed to cutting station for subdivision into board units.

Abstract: A sealing device is provided for shafts passing through the wall of a housing containing a pressurized medium of a pressure differing from that of the environment external to the housing. The sealing device includes at least one ring of packing or sealing material formed in at least one annular layer around the outer surface of the shaft. A nonrigid sleeve is mounted around the outer surface of the ring of packing material. The sealing device further includes a duct for providing a source of pressurized medium to the outer surface of the nonrigid sleeve. The forces exerted by the pressurized medium on the outer surface of the sleeve are transmitted to the layer of packing material enclosed within the sleeve so that the packing material is maintained pressed in a close sealing relationship with the outer surface of the shaft.

Abstract: A heat exchange system in which sensible and/or latent heat is exchanged between a stream of incoming air into an enclosure and a stream of air leaving the enclosure, comprising a heat exchanger for the incoming air and a heat exchanger for the leaving air, each of said exchangers comprising a group of passages through which the incoming air stream and the leaving air stream, respectively, flow in heat exchange relationship with a liquid passing through a separate group of passages. The liquid is circulated in a closed circuit between the two exchangers in a duct leading from the heat exchanger for the incoming air to the heat exchanger for the leaving air, and, upon heat exchange with the leaving air, recirculated in a separate duct to the heat exchanger for the incoming air.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the refining of fibrous lignocellulose pulp material in which the pulp stock or grist is conveyed into a cylindrical stationary drum and propelled therein in a linear direction in a pulsating fashion by a co-axial rotor comprising a plurality of impellers which attack the grist in a wedging action as it is compacted by the centrifugal force of rotation and pushed ahead of the leading edges of the impellers and thus inducing in the grist internal frictional shear forces while it is forced through a gap defined between the terminal edges of the impellers and a series of shear members arranged axially along the interior surface of the drum. The impellers are detachably and adjustably anchored in slots in the peripheral wall of the drum to vary the gap clearance.

Abstract: Apparatus for relieving blockage of the pulp discharge passage in a cyclone separator included in a pulping system. The pulp stock is treated in an environment of superatmospheric steam and discharged together with the steam into the separator cyclone. The separated processing steam is evacuated from the cyclone while the steam liberated pulp stock is propelled through a throat which tapers towards the discharge valve by a screw conveyor whose flights are contoured to rotate snugly within the tapered throat. The discharge valve is controlled to maintain a predetermined rate of discharge and a predetermined superatmospheric pressure within the cyclone to allow evacuation of steam therefrom. The shaft of the screw conveyor is reciprocally mounted in the cyclone to allow the screw flights to yield in response to a predetermined excessive thrust resulting from compacted pulp stock blocking the throat, to provide a by-pass between the screw flights and the throat wall and thereby relieve the blockage.

Abstract: Method of producing mechanical pulp of improved brightness and light-scattering properties in a defibration apparatus in which wood chips are ground between a pair of discs which rotate relative to one another in a pressurized grinding zone. Prior to the defibrating process, the chips are impregnated with a solution of alkali, selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, alkali silicate, alkali carbonate and alkali bicarbonate, and peroxide, surplus impregnating solution is removed from the chips by compression of the chips, the chips are introduced into a pressure vessel which is in communication with the grinding zone and compressed air is introduced into the pressure vessel in an amount sufficient to maintain the chips in the pressure vessel at a temperature below 90.degree. C. and to maintain superatmospheric pressure within the defibrating zone.

Abstract: A composition for dyeing human hair, in which a dispersion dye, preferably of the azo or anthraquinone type, is dispersed in an emulsified aqueous mixture comprising a paraffin component and a thickening agent component and adjusted to a pH not higher than 8 by addition of acid. The thickening agent component comprises fatty alcohols such as lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cetyl-stearyl alcohol or mixtures thereof, fatty acid esters such as isopropyl alcohol and a mixture of fatty acid mono- and diglycerides. The desired viscosity is imparted to the composition by adjusting the proportion of the paraffin component relative to the thickening agent component. An emulsifying agent, such as high-ethoxylated polyglycol ethers and diethanolamine phosphates may be added to create an emulsion of desired viscosity and permanence.

Abstract: Combustion system for gas turbines and the like, comprising an outer shell connected to a source of pressurized air and surrounding a flame tube which comprises a combustion chamber and a mixing chamber defined within a double wall construction comprising an outer wall and an inner wall forming an annular cooling jacket axially surrounding the mixing chamber. A portion of the pressurized air is directed radially into the mixing chamber through a plurality of nozzles which are spaced about the cooling jacket, while another portion of the air is passed into said annular jacket through apertures in the outer wall alternating with and spaced a distance from said nozzles to produce a plurality of diverging high velocity peripheral streams which sweep and cool the walls of the jacket preliminary to being passed into the mixing chamber through apertures in the inner wall which are aligned with said nozzles.

Abstract: A gas turbine unit comprising an expansion turbine, a compressor and a turbine engine arranged in sequence on a common shaft. The rotor element of the expansion turbine comprises fan blades having a straight non-curved profile. Guide vanes are provided upstream of the expansion turbine to form a throttling device for controlling the flow of air to the expansion turbine. The guide vanes are adjustable relative to the blades of the expansion turbine to deflect the air to vary the throttling effect to cause the expansion turbine to operate alternately as a compressor and a turbine in response to the adjustment of the guide vanes.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing pulp from lignocellulose-containing material in which the material is ground into grist in a grinding space defined between a rotating disc and a stationary disc mounted within a pressurized housing. Each disc comprises a series of annularly disposed arched segments having a plurality of radially extending bars and interconnecting transverse ribs defining a plurality of radially arranged pockets which in their radial cross sections have a curved contour. The pockets on one of the discs are offset radially from the pockets on the other disc, to allow the grist in the rotating pockets to be axially deflected by the centrifugal force created by the rotation and collected in an opposing offset pocket on the other disc. During the rotation of the disc, successive charges of grist deflected by the rotating pockets will force the grist previously collected in the stationary pockets to slide along the curved contour and be tilted or dumped into the corresponding offset rotating pocket.

Abstract: A device for evacuating blow-back steam in a pulp refining apparatus in which lignocellulosic pulp stock is ground in an environment of superatmospheric steam in a grinding space defined between a pair of grinding members which rotate relatively to one another in a closed housing having a feed-in opening into which the pulp stock is advanced by means of a feed screw which rotates within a feed-in passage. A jacket having a perforate wall is arranged about the feed-in passage for receiving the blow-back steam separated from the pulp stock, and which steam is evacuated therefrom through a conduit connected to the jacket. The feed screw rotates in close proximity to the perforate wall to maintain it free of pulp stock particles.

Abstract: A frame for supporting a plurality of interchangeable units of office furniture. The frame both supports the furniture in an upright direction, prevents the furniture from sliding in a horizontal direction and is concealed from view when the furniture is mounted on it. The arrangement of the furniture can be varied by interchanging the positions of the various separate units of furniture carried along the frame. The frame itself can also be advantageously utilized to carry additional equipment pivotably mounted thereon and to provide means for storing such additional equipment when not in use. Because the frame rigidifies the furniture structure mounted thereon, lightweight and inexpensive furniture can be used.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring energy in an absorption system according to the heat pump principle to improve the cycle efficiency thereof, in which the selected working medium is vaporized in an evaporator by heat exchange with heat source of ambient pressure and passed into a sorption station where it is brought into contact with an absorbent solution with consequent release of heat of absorption and heat of condensation. The mixture of absorbent solution and absorbed working medium is passed from the sorption station into a pressurized separating station, where the absorbent is separated from the working medium by diffusing the mixture under pressure through a semi-permeable membrane defining a zone of relatively high pressure and a zone of relatively low pressure higher than the ambient pressure, the concentrated absorbent solution being collected in the high pressure zone and the solution of working medium being received in the low pressure zone by virtue of the resultant reverse osmotic flow.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for coordinating the rate of feed and the moisture content of the pulp material to the heat quotients of the mechanical energy input in a refiner system in which the moisture-containing pulp material is introduced at an adjustable rate of feed into the central portion of an axially adjustable grinding space defined between a pair of grinding discs which rotate relative to one another within a closed housing and in which grinding space the material is propelled by centrifugal force created by the rotation of the discs in an annular radial path toward the periphery of the discs while being subjected to a grinding operation in an environment of steam generated by the heat produced by friction in the grinding space.

Abstract: A ski binding of the toe binding type including a stirrup pivotable between a position, where a ski boot may be inserted into or removed from the binding, and a locking position, where a rear portion of the stirrup engages a hook formed on a forwardly projecting sole portion of the ski boot and/or engages in a slot in the upper face of said sole portion. In the locking position, said sole portion may be pivoted upwardly in the vertical plane together with the rear portion of the stirrup against the bias of a spring element mounted on the binding.

Abstract: A shirt package envelope into which a rectangular relatively rigid shirt board supported folded shirt is inserted into a transparent envelope of polyethylene or the like, with the envelope according to the invention formed with a relatively larger volumetric capacity at the relatively bulkier collar supporting portion of the shirt wrapped shirt board, and a relatively smaller volumetric capacity at the shirt body supporting portion of the shirt wrapped shirt board, so that the envelope snugly engages the shirt wrapped shirt board. The different volumetric capacities are preferably provided by forming the envelope of a trapezoidal configuration, as viewed in plan view with the wider base of the trapezoidal configuration of the bag overlying the collar portion, and with the narrow base portion of the trapezoid shaped envelope dimensioned of a size to accommodate the end of the board wrapped shirt remote from the collar.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for minimizing steam consumption in the production of pulp used for the manufacture of fiberboard and the like, in which chips of cellulosic material are ground in a defibrator or refiner in an environment of saturated steam above 100.degree. C and corresponding steam pressures. The chips are normally presteamed with atmospheric steam separated from the pulp at the discharge end of the defibrating process to a temperature between 90.degree. C and 100.degree. C and compressed and dewatered to a dryness of at least 50% and then passed into a preheater which forms part of the defibrating or refining apparatus, where the compressed and dewatered chips are heated to the desired defibrating or refining temperature, usually ranging between 130.degree. C and 200.degree.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a motor driven compressor which is automatically unloaded when the receiver pressure reaches a predetermined maximum level and loaded when the receiver pressure reaches a predetermined minimum level by means of pressure actuated electric control means which are time delayed to start and stop the compressor motor and the unloading and loading operation in accordance with predetermined mode of operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to A Purifier unit comprises a porous body coated with a substance having catalytic action to bring about purification of a medium, primarily a gas passing through the unit. A main field of use is the purification of hot exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. To render the porous purifier unit insensitive to the high temperature of the engine exhaust gases and the great variations of temperature, particularly in winter time when starting a motor vehicle, and at the same time resistant to high mechanical stress and shock arising mainly from jolts and vibrations of a motor vehicle in motion, the porous body is comprised of a plurality of thin, at least partly corrugated, layers forming between themselves fine passageways extending from end to end for the medium to be purified and coated with the catalyst.