Abstract: A terpolymer having an average M.sub.n of from 600 to 100,000 is obtained by the terpolymerization of a 1-olefin having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, maleic anhydride, and a 1,1 -disubstituted polyisobutylene having an average M.sub.n of from 500 to 5,000.

Abstract: An additive useful in a marine lubricating oil is produced by reacting at elevated temperatures in the presence of at least one light hydrocarbon solvent and promoter: an alkyl oxy aromatic sulfonate; an alkaline earth metal base; carbon dioxide; and an acid component, such as carboxylic acid, an acid anhydride, an acid choride, or ester thereof. If the alkyl oxy aromatic sulfonate is in the acidic form, then the acid component is in the acidic form. If the alkyl oxy aromatic sulfonate is in the neutralized form, then the acid component is in the neutralized form. If the alkyl oxy aromatic sulfonate is in the overbased form, then the acid component is either in the acidic form or in the neutralized form.

Abstract: Process for preparing high overbased metal sulfurized alkylphenates, wherein a majority of the alkalinity is provided by at least a stoichiometric excess of metal. The process is characterized by a sulfurization reaction using a promoter, followed by overbasing with carbon dioxide, a polyamine, and additional metal base in the presence of an alkylene glycol under reactive conditions at temperatures in the range of about from 150.degree. C. to 190.degree. C. The process affords a metal sulfurized phenate product which is substantially insensitive to overcarbonation, which exhibits low corrosive wear, and which exhibits high rates of acid neutralization. These compositions are useful in the formulation of marine cylinder lubricants.

Abstract: An additive concentrate has at least one nitrogen-containing deposit control additive, a solvent, and at least one tagging material. The tagging material has a number average molecular weight of at least 15,000 and a weight average to number average molecular weight ratio of less than 1.5. The tagging material has a molecular weight distribution that is sufficiently different from the molecular weight distribution of the deposit control additive so as to be distinguishable from the deposit control additive. The amount of each tagging material is less than 1 weight % of the additive concentrate.

Abstract: A polysuccinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of a copolymer of a first unsaturated acidic reagent and a 1,1-disubstituted olefin; a copolymer of a second unsaturated acidic reagent and a 1-olefin, and a polyamine under reactive conditions; then treating the reaction product with either a cyclic carbonate or a linear mono- or polycarbonate or boron compound under reactive conditions. The two unsaturated acidic reagents can be the same or different. The mixture contains from 0.1 to 1.5 equivalents of polyamine per equivalent of acidic groups of the first and second copolymers.

Abstract: An overbased phenate stearate is produced by overbasing a mixture that comprises sulfurized phenate, metal stearate (such as calcium stearate), at least one solvent, calcium hydroxide, and water, by contacting the mixture with carbon dioxide in the presence of an alkyl polyhydric alcohol, such as ethylene glycol. The level of agitation is maintained at a level sufficiently high so that all solids are suspended over the length of the overbasing step. The polyhydric alcohol to water ratio is maintained sufficiently high so that the ratio is at least 4:1 at the end of the overbasing step. The overbased mixture is stripped to produce an overbased phenate stearate having less than 0.10 vol. % fine sediments.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition, having an ash content of less than 1.5 weight percent, has a base oil of lubricating viscosity, and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate having a zinc to phosphorus weight ratio in the range of from 0.95:1 to 1.04:1.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions; then treating the reaction product with either a cyclic carbonate or a linear mono- or polycarbonate or boron compound under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1800 to 3000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer has a Mn of from 2000 to 4800, and is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin having an average of from 14 to 30 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 1.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.0 moles of polyamine per equivalent of alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative plus unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer.

Abstract: Processes for preparing normal and overbased metal sulfurized alkylphenates. The processes am characterized by a sulfurization reaction using a lower carboxylic acid catalyst which does not use a polyol promoter, e.g., ethylene glycol. The process affords a metal sulfurized phenate product which is essentially free of polyol oxidation products. The products are useful as additives for lubricating oils.

Abstract: Oil soluble compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently cyano, alkoxycarbonyl or together form a carbocycle or alkylcarbocycle and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl sulfurized alkyl, or alkoxycarbonylalkyl.The compound are useful as wear protectants or extreme pressure agents to enhance wear protection or extreme pressure properties in lubricating oils and greases.

Abstract: An antiwear additive has an alkali metal borate; and a thiadiazole compound. That thiadiazole compound may be a 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, a 2-alkylpolythio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, or a 2-alkylestermercapto-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole. If the thiadiazole compound is a 2-alkylpolythio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole or a 2-alkylestermercapto-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, the alkyl group has from one to twenty carbon atoms. If the thiadiazole compound is a 2-alkylpolythio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, the polythio group has from two to eight sulfur atoms. This antiwear additive can be used with a base grease in a grease composition.

Abstract: An engine oil composition which comprises a metal-containing detergent, zinc dithiophosphate, and a boron-containing ashless dispersant dissolved or dispersed in a base oil; characterized by further containing an antiwear agent having an aliphatic amide compound and either a dithiocarbamate compound or an ester derived from a fatty acid and boric acid.

Abstract: Novel copolymers of unsaturated acidic reactants and high molecular weight olefins are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils and fuels and also may be used to prepare polysuccinimides and other post-treated additives useful in lubricating oils and fuels. The ratio of anhydride groups to the hydrocarbon groups in these novel copolymers is at least 1.3.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining a component of the response of a reservoir to tidal forces (such as the amplitude of variation or delay time) in a hydrocarbons reservoir. That method comprises measuring a variable responsive to tidal forces within the reservoir over a measurement time period, determining a theoretical earth-tide for the reservoir over that measurement time period, and determining the component of the response to tidal forces by comparing the variable measurements and the theoretical earth-tide determinations. Examples of variables that are responsive to the tidal forces are fluid level in a borehole, pressure, and borehole stress. The measurement time period should be sufficiently long so that both a maximum and a minimum variable measurement are achieved during that time period (e.g., fourteen or twenty-four hours).

Abstract: A polymer is disclosed that is useful in increasing the viscosity of carbon dioxide. That polymer comprises an organosilicon polymer having nonrandom crosslinkages that enhance backbone rigidity. Preferably, that polymer is a polyalkylsilsesquioxane. That polymer can be used in a method for recovering oil from an underground oil-bearing earth formation penetrated by an injection well and a producing well, in which method carbon dioxide is injected into the formation to displace oil towards the producing well from which oil is produced to the surface. The viscosity of the carbon dioxide injected into the formation is increased at least three-fold by the presence of a sufficient amount of the polymer and a sufficient amount of a cosolvent to form a solution of the polymer in the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A pressure regulator has a diaphragm mounted upon a base to form a flow chamber between the diaphragm and the base. A dome pressure casing is mounted upon the base to form a cavity between the casing and the diaphragm. One piece of tubing is connected either to the base or to the casing and passes sequentially through the base or casing, through the cavity, and through the diaphgram to the flow chamber for inlet fluid injection through the flow chamber. Another piece of tubing is connected either to the base or to the casing and passes sequentially from the flow chamber, through the diaphragm, through the cavity, and through the base or casing for fluid discharge. A pressure port within the dome pressure casing permits the supply of pressure to the diaphragm to restrict the fluid flow through the flow chamber.

Abstract: A polymer is disclosed that is useful in increasing the viscosity of carbon dioxide. That polymer comprises a polysilalkylenesilane polymer, preferably polydimethylsilmethylenedimethylsilane. That polymer can be used in a method for recovering oil from an underground oil-bearing earth formation penetrated by an injection well and a producing well, in which method carbon dioxide is injected into the formation to displace oil towards the producing well from which oil is produced to the surface. The viscosity of the carbon dioxide injected into the formation is increased at least three-fold by the presence of a sufficient amount of a polysilalkylenesilane polymer and a sufficient amount of a cosolvent to form a solution of the polymer in the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Method and apparatuses are disclosed for removing fine-grained particles from a gaseous sample stream from fluidized catalytic cracking regeneration unit. In one method, the fine-grained particles are wetted with condensate in a sampling system, then the wetted fine-grained particles are separated from the gaseous stream in a wetted packed column in the sampling system. The separated gaseous sample stream is cooled to remove condensible gases then is reheated. The separated fine-grained particles are kept wetted in the sampling system to prevent fouling of the sampling system, then stream is used as a motive force to return the wetted fine-grained particles to the fluidized catalytic cracking regeneration unit. The stream also is used as a drying agent to at least partially dry the wetted fine-grained particles outside of the sampling system and as a dilution agent to help prevent corrosion.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for improving the effectiveness of fluid transport in a fines-containing earthen formation and inhibiting permeability damage of that formation. Wet steam is generated from a feedwater that contains potassium chloride, enough anhydrous ammonia is added into the steam to produce sufficient ammonium ions in the vapor phase condensate to inhibit permeability damage of the formation in the vicinity of the vapor phase, enough carbon dioxide is added into the steam effective to the pH of the vapor phase condensate between 7.5 and 10.5, the wet steam is injected into the formation, and then the steam is blown down to vaporize liquid water of the formation and cause the vaporized water to leave the portion.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for placing gravel within an annulus formed in a non-vertical borehole by the placement of a screen within the borehole. First, a slurry of gravel, polymer, and oil field brines is injected into the annulus to control fluid leakoff, pack the perforations, and pack from 50% to 75% of the screen-borehole annulus. Then a slurry of gravel and water is injected into the annulus until the annulus is completely packed.