Abstract: A method of bonding bio-molecules to a test site including providing a substrate having a test site defined on a surface thereof, providing a solution containing a plurality of probe molecules and bonding material, directing light from a light source onto the test site so as to cause the bonding material to bond the probe molecules to the test site.

Abstract: A holographic textile fiber that selectively absorbs and reflects different wavelengths of light. A plurality of holographic textile fibers in combination forming a holographic textile fabric. The plurality of textile fibers characterized as including a central core including one of a light transmitting material, a light absorbing material, a light reflecting material, or a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) material. The holographic textile fibers further including a plurality of layers of an optical media. Each of the plurality of layers having differing indices of refraction thereby forming a multi-layer interference coating overcoating the central core. The plurality of layers of optical media characterized as selectively reflecting particular wavelengths of light while transmitting differing wavelengths of light, thereby generating a plurality of interference patterns that form a holographic optical image as a result of an incident light.

Abstract: A microscanner composed of a semiconductor wafer, having formed as a part thereof a cantilevered portion and having mounted thereon at least one laser diode. The cantilevered portion has electrically interfaced thereto a plurality of interconnects capable of delivering varying voltages. The cantilevered portion is deflected in response to the varying voltages and therefore produces a scanning action about an "x" axis, a "y" axis, or an "x" and "y" axis dependent upon the external varying voltage applied thereto and the design of the cantilevered portion. This scanning action operates to scan the light emitted by the at least one laser diode. The microscanner operates to generate a resultant integrated scanned image. This image can be implemented as either a virtual image display or a projected image display.

Abstract: A multi-state non-volatile ferroelectric memory includes a field effect transistor having a gate insulator formed of ferroelectric material. The ferroelectric material is separated into regions of different characteristics, e.g. different thicknesses, different coercive field values, etc., so as to provide a plurality of different threshold voltages for the field effect transistor.

Abstract: A VCSEL (113) having a first and a second stack of distributed Bragg reflectors (120, 116) and an active region (118) is formed. Conductive layers (108 and 109) having an opening is formed on the second stack of distributed Bragg reflectors (116). A first region (104), a second region (106), and a third region (108) are formed in the opening of the conductive layer (108), thereby providing a contact to both the second stack of distributed Bragg reflectors (116) and to the first region (104). An insulative layer (220) is disposed on the substrate (124), thereby insulating the second region (106) from the conductive layer (108). A conductive layer (134) having second opening disposed substantially overlying the first opening, thereby electrically coupling the third region (108) to the conductive layer (134) with the second opening allowing a light (121) to pass.

Abstract: A differential charge and dump optoelectronic receiver for baseband digital optoelectronic data links is disclosed having a preamplifier and a voltage controlled current source that defines the tail current of a differential pair functioning as a two quadrant multiplier, and using capacitors as loads on the differential pair making said differential pair an integrator. The integrator provides a full differential output, part of which is fedback to control the gain of the preamplifier. In a preferred embodiment, one integrator pair is used to recover the data from a Manchester encoded data stream. In another preferred embodiment, two pairs of integrators are used for QPSK like codes.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device includes a plurality of pixels formed on a substrate, each pixel including a plurality of different light influencing elements disposed on the substrate. Deposited atop each light influencing element is an organic electroluminescent display element which is adapted to emit light of a preselected wavelength. A layer of an insulating, planarizing material is disposed between the light influencing elements and the OED. Each of the light influencing elements is adapted to generate a different effect in response to light of a preselected wavelength incident thereon. In this way, it is possible to achieve a red, green, blue organic electroluminescent display assembly using a single organic electroluminescent display device.

Abstract: An integrated electro-optical package including a laser diode microscanner, and an automatic focus mechanism housed within a housing. The microscanner includes a semiconductor wafer, having formed as a part thereof a cantilevered portion having mounted thereon at least one laser diode. The cantilevered portion having electrically interfaced thereto a plurality of interconnects capable of delivering varying voltages. The cantilevered portion is deflected in response to the varying voltages and therefore produces a scanning action in an "x" and/or "y" direction dependent upon the external varying voltage applied thereto and the design of the cantilevered portion. The automatic focus mechanism includes a single detector or a detector array that measures a reflected light and submits a signal to the display system optics for focus adjustment dependent upon the measurements received.

Abstract: An array of annular waveguide VCSELs for achieving a stable single high order mode light source characterized as emitting a plurality of emission beams of varying wavelengths. The device array including a first mirror stack with mirror pairs in a Al.sub.x Ga.sub.1-x As/Al.sub.y Ga.sub.1-y As material system lattice matched to an active region. The active region includes an active structure sandwiched between a first cladding region adjacent the first mirror stack and a second cladding region, the active structure having at least one quantum well. The VCSEL further includes a second mirror stack lattice matched to the second cladding region and having mirror pairs in a Al.sub.x Ga.sub.1-x As/Al.sub.y Ga.sub.1-y As material system. The second mirror stack is etched to define a first VCSEL and at least one additional VCSEL, each VCSEL including an etched region, thereby defining an annular emission region through which light generated by the annular waveguide VCSEL is emitted.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a magnetoresistive tunnel junction including forming a thin, continuous layer of aluminum alloy on the surface of a first magnetic layer, the continuous layer of aluminum alloy including greater than 90% aluminum and traces of materials having atoms that are different from the atoms of the aluminum to produce grains which are smaller than grains of pure aluminum. The continuous layer of aluminum alloy is oxidized, nitridized, or both to produce a continuous layer of non-conductive material and a second magnetic layer is formed on the layer of non-conductive material.

Abstract: A method of encapsulating organic electroluminescent (EL) devices including providing an EL device on a substrate and a metallic sheet having a stand-off structure depending therefrom, the stand-off structure bounding a cavity larger than the EL device. The stand-off structure is positioned over the EL device with the EL device nested within the cavity. The metallic sheet is adhesively bonded to the substrate at a perimeter outboard of the stand-off structure to seal the organic electroluminescent device in the cavity. When a plurality of EL devices are manufactured on a single substrate, the metallic sheet is perforated at the perimeter of each device so that excess metal can be separated and the substrate separated to provide individual EL devices.

Abstract: A method of writing/reading an array of magnetoresistive cells, with each cell in the array having associated therewith a first current line that generates an easy axis field and a second orthogonal current line that generates a hard axis field when current is applied thereto. The method includes initially applying a current to the second orthogonal current lines in a first direction that generates a hard axis field to switch end domains in all cells in the array to a fixed direction, and selecting a cell in the array for write/read using a half-select technique including supplying a half-select current to the first current line associated with the selected cell to generate a half-select easy axis field and, simultaneously, supplying a half-select current in the first direction to the second current line associated with the selected cell to generate a half-select hard axis field.

Abstract: Packaged electroluminescent apparatus including an organic electroluminescent device carried by a glass substrate and a glass cover sealed with the glass substrate at a perimeter seal bounding the organic electroluminescent device in a cavity. Wherein the perimeter seal includes a cured epoxy adhesive seal sealingly engaging the glass cover with the glass substrate, and desiccant and/or inert fluorocarbon liquid disposed proximate the cured epoxy adhesive.

Abstract: A textile fabric including a plurality of electrically conductive fibers and at least one electronic sensor or a plurality of sensing fibers. The textile fabric is intended for fabrication into a functional article of clothing or other item made of the woven textile fabric, so as to increase functionality of the article of clothing or item made thereof. The fabric is intended to assist a wearer in the monitoring of biomedical information and/or environmental conditions existent upon the wearer. The plurality of electrically conductive fibers and sensing devices are characterized as creating an interconnect to a portable electronic monitoring device, integrated components such as heating and cooling bands, electronics, or the like, or for serving as an antenna for signals received and transmitted between an integrated electronic component and a remote monitoring device.

Abstract: A full color organic electroluminescent display device including a substrate element and a plurality of thin film transistors, formed on the substrate element. A planarizing layer of insulating material is positioned over the plurality of thin film transistors, thereby defining a substantially planar surface. A plurality of contact pads are formed on the planar surface of the planarizing layer, with one contact pad associated with each thin film transistor. A hole transporting layer is deposited over the contact pads. Three pixelated emissive organic electron transporting media are formed on a top surface of the hole transporting layer so as to define an organic light emitting device. An electrical and light conducting material is positioned in overlying relationship over the emissive organic electron transporting media, thereby operating as a common second terminal of the organic light emitting devices.

Abstract: An interconnect substrate is provided. The interconnect substrate has a first surface with a conductive path and an end surface. The first surface and the end surface join to form a nexus or a corner. A conductive contact is positioned at the nexus, thereby bridging the first surface and the end surface, as well as providing a conductive path from the first surface to the end surface. The conductive contact is operably coupled to the conductive path.

Abstract: A method for wavelength division multiplexing including the steps of providing at least two annular waveguide or spatially donut mode and spectrally single mode vertical cavity surface emitting lasers for operating in a single high order transverse mode. In addition, provided is a multimode fiber based data link. The spatially donut mode and spectrally single mode vertical cavity surface emitting lasers are coupled to the multimode fibers through wavelength multiplexing techniques. During operation, a modulation voltage or modulation current is applied to the spatially donut mode and spectrally single mode vertical cavity surface emitting lasers thereby exciting higher order modes in the multimode fiber based data link and thus achieving either wavelength division multiplexing or de-multiplexing over a large transmission distance.

Abstract: VCSEL for high speed operation and method of fabrication including a substrate element, a first stack of distributed Bragg reflectors disposed on a surface of the substrate element, an active region lattice matched to a surface of the first stack of distributed Bragg reflectors, and a second stack of distributed Bragg reflectors lattice matched to a surface of the active region. The active region includes a plurality of quantum well layers, or structures, and a plurality of doped barrier layers. The doping of the barrier layers allows for a faster recombination time of the carriers prior to any occurrence of lateral carrier diffusion. This faster recombination time of the carriers prevents turn-off tails when the VCSEL device is switched off.

Abstract: A method of in-situ endpoint detection for membrane formation including directing light from a light source onto one side of a membrane structure having at least one etchable component for the formation of a membrane and etching the membrane structure so as to form the membrane while sensing the light from the light source on an opposite side of the membrane structure in-situ during the etching to detect a thickness of the membrane. Generally, the etching step includes fountain cup etching with the light source being a fiber optic mounted in the fountain cup and a detector mounted in the cap.

Abstract: An electric field amplified oligonucleotide ligase analysis includes combining a plurality of oligonucleotide probes carried on a support at a binding site with a solution including a target molecule, a plurality of oligonucleotide segments including a marker and ligase. A first electric field surrounding the plurality of oligonucleotide probes is generated to attract the target molecule to a first of the plurality of oligonucleotide probes to which it hybridizes. A first of the plurality of oligonucleotide segments also hybridizes with the target molecule and covalently bonds to the first oligonucleotide probe due to the presence of ligase in the solution. The target molecule is separated by generating a second electric field surrounding the plurality of oligonucleotide probes. The generation of the electric fields are alternately repeated to amplify the hybridization signal.