Abstract: A broadband telecommunications system comprises at least one broadband telecommunications switch, and a data transmitter coupled to the broadband telecommunications switch and to each of a plurality of data sources. The system operates to communicate date from the data sources to destinations in the form of a plurality of cells, the communication being arranged to satisfy predetermined transmission parameters. The transmission parameters include an initial cell rate representative of a maximum rate at which data from the data sources may be initially communicated to the telecommunications switch, when the sources become active.

Abstract: A fastening arrangement for a motor vehicle wheel made of a light metal alloy which is formed by an interior wheel shell and an exterior wheel shell which are fastened to a wheel disk chamber by way of wheel bolts which are arranged concentrically with respect to a wheel hub. The two shells of the wheel can be connected in a mutually sealed manner by way of wheel bolts inserted in bushes, and the bushes are pressed into bores of the shells and held in an embedded manner in a sealing mass. A spacer member is interposed between the wheel chamber and the interior wheel shell. The spacer member is made of a material different than the material of the interior wheel shell and the material of the brake chamber, to facilitate corrosion resistance.

Abstract: An automatic braking operation is triggered before the operation of the brake pedal if, as the required criterion, the operating speed exceeds a triggering threshold value when the gas pedal is released. The triggering threshold value is adapted to the driver's actions to achieve a more reliable separation between necessary and unnecessary triggerings of the automatic braking operation. At least one magnitude is detected which represents the driver's actions and, on the basis of this magnitude, the triggering threshold value for the automatic braking operation is determined. It is thus unimportant whether the required criterion for the triggering of the automatic braking operation is sufficient or whether additional criteria are required for this purpose, such as the determination of a transfer of the driver's foot from the gas pedal to the brake pedal.

Abstract: An improved heat transfer assembly for a motor vehicle is provided. Typically, a heat transfer assembly has a fin/tube block consisting of flat tubes and corrugated ribs. The ends of the flat tubes are widened, and collection containers are installed at the widened tube ends. According to the invention, each collection container is kept open laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis. Side parts have end sections with opposing front ends facing the collection container. These opposing front ends close off the open side areas of the collection containers. One use of the heat transfer assembly is as a radiator in a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A compact and light weight axle unit with good durability and reliability for driving a vehicle wheel is provided wherein the splined bore 28 of the hub 6a is engaged with the splined shaft 30 of the drive shaft member 29, and a stop ring 35 is held between the outer engagement groove 25 on the inner peripheral surface of the splined bore 28 and the inner engagement groove 24 on the outer peripheral surface of the splined shaft 30 to prevent the splined shaft 30 from being removed.

Abstract: The work rolls of two sets of roller groups are held within one-piece metal chock in a rolling mill. A one-piece metal chock in which the driving side and operating side are separate then provides support at the upper part of the rolling material, with support similarly being provided at the lower part using another pair of single piece metal chocks. Two sets of roll groups can then be arranged close to each other, strip walking and strip curving can be prevented, and a rolling mill, rolling method and rolling installation that are easy to maintain and provide superior rolling efficiency can be provided.

Abstract: A method for determining the ignition angle for an internal combustion engine with adaptive knocking control, in which the occurrence of knocking is reduced by a controlled adjustment of the ignition angle in the retarded direction. The current values for the adjustment in the retarded direction are stored in a characteristic diagram in an operating parameter-dependent fashion. An average adjustment in the retarded direction is determined from these characteristic diagram values, and both a correction ignition angle and a control range limitation for the knocking control are determined therefrom. The fuel quality and ambient influences are automatically sensed with reference to a learned RON level and are also used to reduce the amount of energy expended to control engine knocking.

Abstract: A control method for controlling injection of an engine having an oxygen concentration sensor generating a composition signal as a function of the oxygen difference in the exhaust gases with respect to the stoichiometric condition of the burnt air/fuel mixture, and a number of injectors for injecting fuel for an operating injection time in each operating state of the engine, and each of which is assigned, in each operating state of the engine, a respective calibration injection time determined at an initial engine calibration stage using a reference fuel.

Abstract: A fuel pressure control apparatus for cylinder injection engine having a fuel injection valve for injecting fuel into a cylinder of an engine, a pipe for conducting the fuel to the fuel injection valve, a fuel pump for supplying the fuel from a fuel supply system to the pipe, a fuel pressure regulator for regulating the fuel pressure within the pipe by discharging the fuel from the pipe to the fuel supply system, and a control unit for making feed-back control on the fuel pressure within the pipe by applying a control signal determined on the basis of an engine operation parameter to the fuel pressure regulator, wherein the fuel pressure regulator is controlled in a feed-forward manner by a predetermined control value so as to make better fuel pressure control at the time of start and when the fuel pressure transiently changes.

Abstract: A method and a device for heating and cooling a compartment of a motor vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine are described. During a cooling operation, a medium in the circuit is guided through a compressor, an ambient heat exchanger, a throttle device, and an interior heat exchanger which are connected in series and form an integral closed circuit. On the high-pressure side of the circuit, a supercritical pressure is produced at the same time that a subcritical pressure is produced on the low-pressure side of the circuit. During a heating operation, the high-pressure side of the circuit during the cooling operation becomes the low-pressure side and the low-pressure side of the circuit during the cooling operation becomes the high-pressure side. The medium in the circuit is conducted in the interior heat exchanger at a supercritical pressure, with heat energy being transferred from the medium in the circuit to the compartment air supplied to the compartment.

Abstract: There is proposed a tool with a tool body and a wear resistant layer system, which layer system comprises at least one layer of MeX. Me comprises titanium and aluminum and X is nitrogen or carbon. The tool is a solid carbide end mill, a solid carbide ball nose mill or a cemented carbide gear cutting tool. Thereby, in the MeX layer the quotient QI as defined by the ratio of the diffraction intensity I(200) to I(111) assigned respectively to the (200) and (111) plains in the X ray diffraction of the material using the &thgr;-2&thgr; method is selected to be ≦2. Further, the I(111) is at least twenty times larger than the intensity average noise value, both measured with a well-defined equipment and setting thereof.

Abstract: A fuel metering system for a turbojet engine includes (1) a pump-supplied feed pipe; (2) a supply pipe to the engine; (3) a recirculation pipe; (4) a main metering valve; (5) a pressure control device for the main metering valve; (6) an emergency device for an unintentional opening of the main metering valve; and (7) an automatic pressure limiting device for the pipe system. Control-related connections of the main metering valve and the emergency device exist to an electronic engine controller. The pressure control device and the emergency device are combined in a recirculation valve and are controlled by the engine controller.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of highly efficiently purifying nitrogen oxides are provided. An NOx chemisorption reduction catalyst chemically absorbs NOx under a condition that an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is an oxidizing atmosphere and deoxidizes adsorbed NOx under a reducing atmosphere. An SOx absorbent absorbs SOx contained in the exhaust gas of the oxidizing atmosphere, and deoxidizes and release SOx absorbed in the reducing atmospheric exhaust gas. The catalyst and absorbent are arranged in the exhaust path to purify the exhaust gas while preventing or suppressing SOx-poisoning of the NOx chemisorption reduction catalyst.

Abstract: A process for shifting an automatic transmission in a motor vehicle having an electronic engine timing system which is electrically coupled with a driving element (e.g., an accelerator pedal). The electronic engine timing system is electrically coupled with an electronic transmission control system. When a change-gear operation is taking place in the automatic transmission and the automatic transmission is in a critical shifting phase, and simultaneously the driving element is adjusted to demand increased output from the engine, if the rate of the adjusting change and the extent of the desired new output together exceed a predetermined value, the increase in engine output is delayed and/or the gradient of the engine output increase is limited or delayed by adjusting the engine timing system.

Abstract: A door closer assembly and a method for operating a door closer assembly. The door closer assembly includes a housing and a door piston guided in the housing. The door piston is operably connected to move a door. A spring piston is guided in the housing and is operable to assist movement of the door piston toward a door closing position. The spring piston is situated in the housing and is acted upon by a spring. The door closer assembly also includes a hydraulic control circuit containing hydraulic fluid which is operable to selectively eliminate a coupling of the door piston and the spring piston from one another during a portion of the travel path of the door piston in the housing. The door closer of the present invention improves the comfort of passing through a door by providing different transmission ratios and therefore, different moment curves.

Abstract: A reforming reactor, particularly for the water vapor reforming of methanol, with three serially arranged reactor steps, each of which is charged with a catalyst pellet fill. According to the invention, the center reactor step is maintained at a temperature which is suitable for the reforming reaction, while the two other reactor steps remain unheated. The present invention may be used as a reforming reactor for the water vapor reforming of methanol for the purpose of producing hydrogen in a fuel-cell operated motor vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining engine oil servicing dates for a motor vehicle engine as a function of recorded engine operating parameters. According to the invention, the number of engine revolutions and at least one engine other operating parameter relevant to engine oil ageing are continuously recorded and, on the basis of this, a fictitious distance is determined by associating the recorded engine revolutions with the evaluation factors dependent on recorded engine operating parameter(s) relevant to engine oil ageing in accordance with a predeterminable association relationship. From this, a remaining operating distance until the next engine oil servicing date is then calculated by subtracting the determined fictitious distance from a specified total distance potential.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston engine with a crankshaft received in bearings includes a second-order harmonic balancer (Lanchester balancer) with one or more shafts received in bearings located in a crankshaft housing of the bearings of crankshaft and/or the bearings of the Lanchester shafts are made of at least one upper bearing part and a lower bearing part. At least the flange surfaces of the upper bearing parts and lower bearing parts have a fracture surface formed by cracking.

Abstract: 6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-phenyl-cyclohexane compounds, methods of preparing them and the use of these compounds in drugs are described.