Abstract: A column and detector are disclosed for two-dimensional column chromatography of a sample, in which the sample is injected close to a corner of a thin parallelepipedal column through which percolates a first solvent pumped at a controlled velocity. After a convenient time this flow is stopped and a stream of a second solvent is pumped at a controlled velocity in the perpendicular direction. Elution of the separated components is performed, the stream exiting from the column flows over a detector which monitors its composition at a large number of points, along the exit edge allowing the derivation of a two-dimensional chromatogram.

Abstract: Binocular stereoscopic viewers for viewing large drawings, paintings and prints, particularly those having dimensions larger than the interpupillary distance utilize two sets of nearly parallel mirrors and deviate the apparent position of the eyes inward towards the nose. Another viewer comprises a pair of prisms oriented such that the images viewed are reflected off their bases by total internal reflection. In the preferred prism viewer the apices of the prisms are hinged together in front of the nose of the viewer and the viewer may be stored with two sides together to form a prism shaped structure. In the preferred structures of both the mirror and the prism viewers, the left eye views the stereogram on the right and the right eye views the stereogram on the left and the surfaces of the device presented to the viewer are concave over the viewer's nose.

Abstract: An "eye-piece" system for an infra-red afocal telescope comprises a back element of positive power having a convex front surface and a curved back surface, and a pair of elements closely spaced to define a gas lens therebetween, the front element of the pair having a concave front surface whose radius of curvature is equal to or greater than that of the convex back surface of the back element of the pair, the pair of elements in combination with the gas lens therebetween being of positive power. The "eye-piece" system can be used in combination with an objective lens system, which may be catadioptric or all refractive, to provide a collimated magnified view of a scene or object, from which infra-red radiation is received, at a real exit pupil where a scanner operates.

Abstract: A pair of oppositely wound torsion springs and a pair of oppositely wound spiral ribbon actuators therefor are provided in a unitary construction as a window sash balance. There are torques developed between each of the spiral ribbon actuators and its respective spring. The two torques are in opposite directions and cancel each other. This eliminates torque which would otherwise, when applied to the window sash, increase the friction between the sash and the window jam and make difficult the operation of tilt type and removable sashes.

Abstract: A rotary valve with means for effecting variable timing of intake valve opening, variable opening duration and variable timing of closing in response to changes in each engine cylinder's appetite for an intake charge is disclosed. Earliest valve opening, longest duration and latest closing occur when each cylinder's appetite for an intake charge is largest, while latest opening, shortest duration and earliest closing occur when each cylinder's appetite for an intake charge is smallest.Intake valve timing can be varied sufficiently to permit use of the theoretical Top Dead Center Opening and Bottom Dead Center Closing for idle, low speed and coasting operating modes to the typical average 20 degrees Before Top Dead Center Opening 50 degrees After Bottom Dead Center Closing for high speed-high load operating mode.

Abstract: A security system having a mesh-like intruder detection structure for use as or with a security fence 2 or for detecting intruders jumping down from a fence or wall. The structure is made up from a number of elongated members (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14) each in the form of or including a fibre-optic waveguide, the elongated members being secured together at a number of spaced jointing points (20) spaced 20 cms or less apart. Portions of the elongated members at the jointing points are held in a position fixed relative to one another by encapsulating the jointing points in a plastics material (40), welding the portions together and/or surrounding them with a metal ferrule (38).

Abstract: In a head-up display system by which visual information from a display is superimposed by means of a combiner on a pilot's view of the outside scene, the pilot's view is recorded by a head mounted camera to which light from the outside scene and superimposed display is reflected by a head-mounted mirror. The arrangement is particularly useful for pilot training purposes.

Abstract: Optical apparatus for biocular viewing of relatively low cost and light weight comprises a solid Cassegrain configuration in a solid meniscus element having a negative lens element cemented to its convex face and an associated corrector lens element which provide a magnified collimated image of an object for viewing by a pair of telescopes having light folding means to provide an exit pupil separation suitable for two eye viewing. At least some of the lens elements may be of plastics material and aspheric surfaces may be employed. The apparatus is particularly useful for night vision goggles having a single image intensifier tube.

Abstract: An "eye-piece" system for an infra-red afocal telescope comprises a positive back element having a concave or convex back surface and a convex front surface, and a pair of elements closely spaced to define a gas lens therebetween, the back element of the pair having a convex back surface and the front element of the pair having a concave front surface, the pair of elements in combination with the gas lens therebetween being of positive power. The "eye-piece" system can be used in combination with an objective lens system to provide a collimated magnified view of a scene or object, from which infra-red radiation is received, at a real exit pupil where a scanner operates, and can provide a wide field of view of around 70 degrees or more in the scanner space.

Abstract: A crimped thermoplastic filament which may be used in a separable hook and loop area fastener, preferably of nylon or the like, is permanently crimped into a zig-zag sawtooth configuration, by passing the same between a pair of oppositely rotating sawtooth forming rolls. The continuous filament is turned back on itself at acute angles in its zig-zag form. The cut ends of the filament present a plurality of zig-zag, hook like formations.

Abstract: A transfer lens comprises a first field-flattening component of negative power, a second component of positive power providing overcorrect astigmatism, a third component of positive power consisting of a plurality of positive members providing most of the power of the overall lens and whose undercorrect astigmatism is corrected by the overcorrect astigmatism of the second component, and a fourth component of negative power which increases the field angle. The lens is particularly useful in a head-down display having two primary displays from which light travels to a combiner so that the transfer lens produces a combined image. A Fresnel field lens is preferably located at the image position.

Abstract: Gamma cameras have been fitted with pinhole collimators mounted at the top of conical shields for enlarging the scintillation image of radioactive organs. According to the disclosure a generally conical pinhole adapter is substituted for the top of the cone.A generally cylindrical radiation shielding adapter makes possible the efficient utilization of the gamma camera for uptake studies. Only a small portion of the camera's field of view is utilized, thus increasing the count rate and decreasing the length of the study and the amount of radioactive material required to be absorbed by the organ.A generally cylindrical adapter, also masking off all but a small field of view of the camera, is provided with a plurality of parallel pinholes through radiation shielding material to provide for gamma camera studies of small organs such as the heart. In an alternative embodiment the pinholes diverge in order to provide an enlarged image.

Abstract: The force from a pneumatic load cell is supplied via a push rod to a carriage, the push rod directly acting on an axle bearing outrigger wheels riding on an adjustable plane. The output force is supplied from the axle through another push rod acting on the axle, the two push rods defining a plane at substantially right angles thereto. The first push rod fits in a sleeve in the carriage which allows the carriage to rotate about the axis of the first push rod. The second push rod is guided against lateral motion in the plane defined by the first push rod and the axle. The end thereof acting on the axle is surrounded by a cone shaped guide in the carriage. The latter guide allows the carriage to rotate in three dimensions but prevents lateral displacement with respect to the end of the second push rod.The pneumatic load cell may be supplied with a positive or negative spring providing a biasing force. The output push rod is provided with a positive spring, the zero point of which is adjustable.

Abstract: Optical apparatus for biocular viewing which is small and of light weight comprises a solid optical element having a face which internally reflects light from an image surface to internally concave reflecting areas which reflect the light back to the face to emerge as two beams travelling towards respective eye positions via a corrector lens. The apparatus can be used in night vision goggles having a single image intensifier tube providing the image surface.

Abstract: By providing a molded or extruded plastic base cylinder or plate with a surface coating of an etchable metal, a low cost printing media is achieved for use in intaglio or gravure printing. The plastic base cylinder may be machined to a low tolerance diameter before being substantially uniformly plated with an etchable metal such as copper or nickel about its entire outer peripheral surface, thereby assuring uniform balance and concentricity. The plated surface is then engraved or etched with the information to be printed, resulting in a low cost printing cylinder for use in intaglio or rotogravure printing. In one embodiment, the cylinder incorporates a substantially uniform diameter shafting bore along its central axis in order to provide for mounting the cylinder on a shaft or other fixture, while another embodiment provides for accurately disposed and engaging lugs which rotationally drive the cylinder.

Abstract: A safety device for aerosol cans prevents accidental discharge of the can during shipment as well as preventing discharge when used by minor children. The device is snapped around the upper peripheral rim of an aerosol can so as to provide a raised platform for the spray nozzle of the aerosol can, and thereby prevents the spray nozzle from activating the spray stem and valve of the aerosol can.