Abstract: A cement composition is provided containing portland cement; calcium sulfate hemihydrate; urea; one or more retarders selected from the group consisting of a water soluble salt of a lignosulfonic acid, a low molecular weight hydroxypolycarboxylic acid and sodium, potassium, and lithium salts thereof, and an alkaline hexametaphosphate; and as optional ingredients, calcium chloride and/or a condensation product of mononaphthalene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde; said ingredients being present in amounts effective to provide a cement which will set within a desired period of time at temperatures below about 80.degree. F down to below freezing, e.g. 32.degree. F, to provide a monolithic mass having adequate strength and which also has a sufficient pumping time, i.e., setting time, at higher temperatures, i.e., above about 80.degree. F, so that it can be transported, i.e., pumped at such elevated temperatures without prematurely setting up.

Abstract: By providing about 1 percent of an extremely finely divided powder, e.g. less than about 60 microns, disposed throughout a body of sodium chloride particles, the salt particles can be heated without caking to temperatures higher than otherwise obtainable without experiencing caking. Suitable powders include those binary oxides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates and hydroxides of Group II and Group IV elements, which are solids within the temperature range to be encountered.

Abstract: A method is provided for filling a subterranean void, e.g. a mined out cavity such as a tunnel. An aqueous suspension of solid particles the mass of which when at rest has a permeability of about 40 darcies, preferably less than 20 darcies, is injected into the void to effect complete filling.

Abstract: A water dispersible particulate organic polymer is coated with a polyvinyl lactam-containing polymeric material to provide a particulate material which is readily dispersible in aqueous solutions with a minimum of agglomeration of the water soluble polymer.

Abstract: A body of particles of sodium chloride (1) initially containing sodium sulfate and/or sodium carbonate, and/or (2) exposed to compounds capable of reacting in situ with the sodium chloride and/or with each other to form sodium sulfate and/or sodium carbonate, is maintained free from caking at temperatures within the range of from about 610.degree. C to at least about 700.degree. C by maintaining such a body substantially free from sodium sulfate and/or sodium carbonate. One or more compounds, at least one of which contains calcium ion, are provided in the system to react with any sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate present in the system initially, and with any compounds in the system which would otherwise react to form sodium sulfate and/or sodium carbonate.

Abstract: A cement composition is provided containing portland cement; calcium sulfate hemihydrate; urea; one or more retarders selected from the group consisting of a water soluble salt of a lignosulfonic acid, a low molecular weight hydroxypolycarboxylic acid and sodium, potassium, and lithium salts thereof, and an alkaline hexametaphosphate; and as optional ingredients, calcium chloride and/or a condensation product of mononaphthalene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde; said ingredients being present in amounts effective to provide a cement which will set within a desired period of time at temperatures below about 80.degree. F down to below freezing, e.g. 32.degree. F, to provide a monolithic mass having adequate strength and which also has a sufficient pumping time, i.e. setting time, at higher temperatures, i.e. above about 80.degree. F, so that it can be transported, i.e. pumped at such elevated temperatures without permaturely setting up.

Abstract: The reaction product of a hydroxy ether and a pentavalent phosphorous compound with a short chain and/or long chain alcohol can be employed to reduce friction loss of organic liquids flowing through a confining conduit by mixing the reaction product with the organic liquid in the presence of a basic multivalent metal salt activator.

Abstract: The functioning of a perfluorinated compound corresponding to the formula ##STR1## A.sup.- is Cl.sup.-, I.sup.-, F.sup.- or Br.sup.-, preferably I.sup.-, to lower the surface tension of various aqueous based liquids (e.g. acids, spend acids, brines, water etc. and corresponding gelled liquids, when such fluids are employed in environments where they come in contact with earthen formations is improved by also incorporating into the liquid a second water wetting surfactant, comprising an adduct of trimethyl-1-heptanol plus seven moles of ethylene oxide.

Abstract: A cement composition is provided containing portland cement; calcium sulfate hemihydrate; an alkali metal nitrate; one or more retarders selected from the group consisting of a low molecular weight hydroxypolycarboxylic acid and sodium, potassium, and lithium salts thereof, and an alkaline hexametaphosphate; and as optional ingredients, calcium chloride and/or a condensation product of mononaphthalene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde; said ingredients being present in amounts effective to provide a cement which will set within a desired period of time at temperatures below about 80.degree. F down to below freezing, e.g. 32.degree. F, to provide a monolithic mass having adequate strength.

Abstract: The functioning of a perfluorinated compound corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein A.sup.- is Cl.sup.-, F.sup.- or Br.sup.-, preferably I.sup.-, to lower the surface tension of various aqueous based liquids (e.g. acids, spent acids, brines, water, etc.) and corresponding gelled liquids, when such fluids are employed in environments where they come in contact with earthen formations is improved by also incorporating into the liquid certain other water wetting surfactants.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pyrotechnic composition and a method for the inflation of passive restraint systems, i.e., crash bags. The method utilizes gases produced by the ignition and burning of a pyrotechnic composition containing an alkali metal azide, a metal halide and an inorganic perchlorate.