Abstract: Small particles of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, or a mixture thereof provide a higher Limiting Oxygen Index ("LOI") to polyolefin compositions containing the small particles than do larger particles of the same substance. In many instances, improvement in one or more other properties, such as for example, processability, appearance, UL-94 rating, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and/or elongation at break is also obtained.

Abstract: A statistically large population of particles of amorphous precipitated silica is substantially free of particles of amorphous precipitated silica which are retained on a 20 mesh sieve screen, and is characterized by at least 90 percent by weight of said particles of said population being retained on a 200 mesh sieve screen. Such a population may be produced by cracking amorphous precipitated silica particles between the textured rolls of at least one roll pair.

Abstract: The tendency of microporous material to discolor over a period of time when exposed to the atmosphere during normal usage can be reduced if the microporous material comprises whiteness retaining organic surface active agent.

Abstract: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (viz., methylchloroform) and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are produced in the same reactor by feeding molecular chlorine and chloroethene (viz., vinyl chloride) as well as 1,1-dichloroethane to the reactor. The ratios at which the two trichloroethanes are produced can be easily controlled by controlling the relative ratios of 1,1-dichloroethane and chloroethene introduced to the reactor. The reactions are conducted in the liquid phase in the presence of free radical initiator.

Abstract: Ethyl chloroformate is chlorinated in the rectifying zone of a distillation reactor to produce 1-chloroethyl chloroformate and 2-chloroethyl chloroformate.

Abstract: Siloxane compounds represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: (a) each BuO group in the molecule is independently a bivalent aliphatic --C.sub.4 H.sub.8 --O-- group;(b) R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently alkyl containing from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, phenyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenylpropyl, or 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl;(c) the average value of m is in the range of from 2 to about 6;(d) the value of n is an integer in the range of from 1 to about 6;(e) the value of z is an integer in the range of from 1 to about 6;(f) the average value of a is in the range of from 0 to 1;(g) the average value of b is in the range of from 0 to 1; and(h) the sum of the average values of a and b is 1;are useful as components of cosmetics.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the formulae: ##STR1## wherein: (a) each R in the compound is independently 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenylpropyl, or 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl;(b) each R' in the compound is independently alkyl containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms;(c) the average value of a is in the range of from 0 to 1;(d) the value of i is an integer in the range of from 0 to about 200;(e) the value of j is an integer in the range of from about 2 to about 20;(f) the value of k is an integer in the range of from about 2 to about 60;(g) the ratio k/j is in the range of from 1 to about 10;(h) the sum of the values of i, j, k, and m is in the range of from about 10 to about 280; and(i) the value of m is an integer such that m/(j+k+m) is in the range of from 0 to about 0.15.provide satisfactory scratch and mar resistance to many coatings and are bloom-resistant. The low bloom markedly improves paintability of the coatings. Moreover, the silicone-based compounds have high refractive indices.

Abstract: The resistance to yellowing caused by post formation heating of a solid organic polymer produced by polymerizing a polymerizable composition comprising:(a) from about 55 to about 89 percent by weight poly(allyl carbonate)-functional material selected from the group consisting of poly(allyl carbonate)-functional monomer, prepolymer of said monomer, and a mixture thereof;(b) from about 10 to about 30 percent by weight vicinally aliphatic polyurethane having two ethylenically unsaturated terminal groups of which at least about 40 mole percent are allyl terminal groups; and(c) from about 0.05 to about 0.5 percent by weight organic pyrocarbonate selected from the group consisting of dialkyl pyrocarbonate, dicycloalkyl pyrocarbonate, bis(cycloalkylalkyl) pyrocarbonate, and a mixture thereof;is enhanced by also including in the polymerizable composition from about 0.05 to about 0.5 percent by weight triphenyl phosphite.

Abstract: Phenolphthaleinic bis(acrylate), phenolphthaleinic bis(methacrylate), and phenolphthaleinic (acrylate) (methacrylate) may be polymerized to form polymerizates especially useful for lenses and lens blanks.

Abstract: Diethanolamine and triglyceride are reacted to produce a reaction mixture comprising diethanol amide of monocarboxylic acid and hydroxy-functional glyceride. The reaction mixture is useful as an antistatic composition for formulating with polymers, especially polyolefins.

Abstract: When tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and a long chain amine are employed together in intumescent flame retardant compositions, tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate bloom is substantially reduced or even eliminated, and yet the flame retardant effectiveness of the tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate is substantially retained.

Abstract: Antistatic additive composition comprises first quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from about 11 to about 21 carbon atoms and X.sup.- is anion, and polyether represented by the formulaCH.sub.3 O(EO).sub.m (PO).sub.n Hwhere E is bivalent ethylene, PO is bivalent propyleneoxy derived from propylene oxide, the average value of n is in the range of from 0 to about 8, and the average value of m is greater than the average value of n and is in the range of from about 1 to about 12. Preferably second quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.2 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and Y.sup.- is an anion, is also present. The antistatic additive compositions may be admixed with poly(vinyl chloride) to impart antistatic properties to the poly(vinyl chloride) composition.

Abstract: The resistance to yellowing caused by post formation heating of a solid organic polymer produced by polymerizing a polymerizable composition comprising:(a) from about 55 to about 89 percent by weight poly(allyl carbonate)-functional material selected from the group consisting of poly(allyl carbonate)-functional monomer, prepolymer of said monomer, and a mixture thereof;(b) from about 10 to about 30 percent by weight vicinally aliphatic polyurethane having two ethylenically unsaturated terminal groups of which at least about 40 mole percent are allyl terminal groups; and(c) from about 0.05 to about 0.5 percent by weight organic pyrocarbonate selected from the group consisting of dialkyl pyrocarbonate, dicycloalkyl pyrocarbonate, bis(cycloalkylalkyl) pyrocarbonate, and a mixture thereof;is enhanced by also including in the polymerizable composition from about 0.05 to about 0.5 percent by weight triphenyl phosphite.

Abstract: Microporous material comprises: (1) a matrix comprising a mixture of substantially linear ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 10 deciliters/gram and lower molecular weight polyethylene having an ASTM D 1238-86 Condition E melt index of less than about 50 grams/10 minutes and an ASTM D 1238-86 Condition F melt index of at least 0.1 gram/10 minutes, (2) a large proportion of finely divided water-insoluble siliceous filler, and (3) interconnecting pores wherein the weight percent of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene in the total polyethylene of the matrix and the filler/matrix weight ratio are within the polygon ABCDEF of FIG. 6 of the drawings.

Abstract: An aqueous medium in which glucoamylase is dissolved, is contacted with nitrogen-functionalized amorphous precipitated silica having a pore diameter at the maximum of the volume pore size distribution function of from about 7 to about 100 nanometers, whereby at least a portion of the glucoamylase is adsorbed by the nitrogen-functionalized amorphous precipitated silica. The process is particularly suitable for removing glucoamylase from draught beer.

Abstract: The water resistance of intumescent compositions is improved if the composition comprises polyol (alkyl carbonate).

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising the reaction product of maleic anhydride and at least one alkenylsuccinic anhydride. These compositions when hydrolyzed and neutralized are useful in not only imparting corrosion resistance to ferrous metal surfaces in contact with aqueous systems but also retard or prevent precipitation of alkaline earth salts of organic acids from the aqueous system.

Abstract: The water leaching of ammonium polyphosphate from compositions comprising organic polymer and particles of ammonium polyphosphate is reduced if the ammonium polyphosphate is surface-modified with anionic surfactant selected from fatty acids containing from about 12 to about 32 carbon atoms, bivalent metal salts of such fatty acids, trivalent metal salts of such fatty acids, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The water leaching of ammonium polyphosphate from compositions comprising organic polymer and particles of ammonium polyphosphate is reduced if the ammonium polyphosphate is surface-modified with at least one nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of: (a) fatty alcohol containing from about 12 to about 32 carbon atoms, (b) alkylene oxide adduct of such fatty alcohol, (c) fatty acid amide containing from about 12 to about 32 carbon atoms in the acyl group thereof, (d) copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and (e) a mixture thereof, wherein the surfactant has an HLB less than about 10.

Abstract: Describes alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated poly(alkyleneoxy) compounds that display surfactant activity and that polymerize when used in the emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, including vinyl monomers. Certain of the polymer products are useful in imparting improved hand or feel to textile fabrics.