Abstract: A process for incorporating molybdenum into overbased alkaline earth metal and alkali metal sulfonates, phenates and salicylates. The incorporation is a post addition of molybdenum into a previously prepared overbased composition. The resulting composition containing molybdenum is gel-free, haze-free, precipitate-free, has a reproducible Total Base Number (TBN) and is commercially acceptable for use in lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for purifying a crude terephthalic acid mother liquor stream comprising oxidation catalysts, terephthalic acid, color bodies and impurities by hydrogenation in the presence of a rhodium-on-carbon catalyst wherein color bodies and impurities are hydrogenated to saturated compounds for subsequent oxidation to carbon oxides. The terephthalic acid in said stream is thereupon recovered.

Abstract: A catalyst for the oxidation of butane to produce maleic anhydride comprising a substrate containing phosphorus and vanadium or alternatively phosphorus, vanadium and a co-metal characterized by the presence of post deposited vanadium. A process for the manufacture of maleic anhydride from butane feedstock using the novel catalyst is also described. Maleic anhydride is useful in the manufacture of alkyd resins.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing cyclized aromatic compounds by the liquid-phase air oxidation of 2-methyl-substituted biphenyls and diphenylmethanes in an acetic acid medium in the presence of a cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst or a zirconium-cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst wherein the mole ratio of cobalt-to-manganese is about 1.0:0.1 to about 1.0:10.0 and the ratio of zirconium-to-cobalt is about 0.005:1.0 to about 0.20:1.0, and mole ratio of bromine to total metals of said cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst or zirconium-cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst is from about 0.2:1.0 to about 20.0:1.0, which process comprises conducting the reaction in a batch process at a temperature of from 75.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. at a pressure of from 1 to 100 atmospheres, or continuously in two stages comprising a first-stage reaction at a temperature of about 75.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. and a second-stage reaction at a temperature of about 150.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A process, apparatus, and associated controls are provided in a system for loading bulk material into a flexible, collapsed container from an overhead storage bin. The container can be positioned on a scale in the loading station. A dicharge conduit from the bin is connected to a discharge spout which is movable into communication with the container. An exhaust conduit from a dust collection system is connected to an exhaust spout which is also movable into communication with the container. The discharge and exhaust spouts are mounted on a carriage movable on a platform toward and away from the container. The platform is movable transversely of the container between a loading position behind the container and a retracted position which accommodates movement of the container therepast. A line is provided for supplying inert gas to the discharge spout. Valves are provided on the exhaust conduit, discharge conduit, and inert gas line for controlling the flows through the conduits.

Abstract: A continuous process is disclosed for producing trimellitic acid by the liquid-phase air oxidation of pseudocumene in an acetic acid medium in the presence of a cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst or a zirconium-cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst wherein the mole ratio of cobalt-to-manganese is about 1.0:0.1 to about 1:5 and the ratio of zirconium-to-cobalt is about 0.005:1 to about 0.20:1, and mole ratio of bromine to total metals of said cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst or zirconium-cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst is from about 0.2:1.0 to about 2.0:1.0, which process comprises conducting the reaction continuously in two stages comprising a first-stage reaction at a temperature of about 250.degree. F. to about 350.degree. F. and a second-stage reaction at a temperature of about 350.degree. F. to about 450.degree. F. and recycling the cobalt-manganese catalyst or the zirconium-cobalt-manganese catalyst by oxalate precipitation of the catalyst at temperatures of about 250.degree. F. to about 375.degree. F.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing cyclized aromatic compounds by the liquid-phase air oxidation of 2-methyl-substituted biphenyls and diphenylmethanes in an acetic acid medium in the presence of a cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst or a zirconium-cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst wherein the mole ratio of cobalt-to-manganese is about 1.0:0.1 to about 1.0:10.0 and the ratio of zirconium-to-cobalt is about 0.005:1.0 to about 0.20:1.0, and mole ratio of bromine to total metals of said cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst or zirconium-cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst is from about 0.2:1.0 to about 20.0:1.0, which process comprises conducting the reaction in a batch process at a temperature of from 75.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. at a pressure of from 1 to 100 atmospheres, or continuously in two stages comprising a first-stage reaction at a temperature of about 75.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. and a second-stage reaction at a temperature of about 150.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the purification of trimellitic anhydride is disclosed herein in which molten trimellitic anhydride is mixed with pseudocumene at a temperature of about 200.degree. F. to about 450.degree. F. and wherein the purified trimellitic anhydride is recovered by crystallization from the pseudocumene mother liquor. The recovered trimellitic anhydride is further washed and dried. Trimellitic anhydride is useful in the manufacture of amide imide resins and various polyester.

Abstract: A novel method of oxidizing di- and trimethylbenzenes with molecular oxygen to the corresponding di- or tricarboxylic acid under liquid-phase conditions is disclosed. The process is conducted at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to 260.degree. C. This process comprises conducting the oxidation in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a source of bromine with nickel, manganese and zirconium. The benzene di- and tricarboxylic acids have wide industrial application, including the manufacture of polyesters, polyamides, and fibers and films.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovery and recycle of metal catalyst components of a catalyst from the liquid-phase oxidation of pseudocumene in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising cobalt, manganese, and bromine components or cobalt, manganese, zirconium and bromine components wherein said catalyst components are recovered by oxalate precipitation from aqueous residue.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovery of cobalt and manganese, and other metals, in the form of their acetate salts, directly from mixed metal oxides present in oxidation residue incinerator ash comprising fly ash and clinkers from incineration of a residue from manufacture of benzene di- and tricarboxylic acids by catalytic means. These acetate salts are recycled directly for manufacture of benzene di- and tricarboxylic acids after recovery.

Abstract: A process for producing fiber grade terephthalic acid is disclosed. In this process impurities having high molecular weight are eliminated by hydrogenation comprising the following steps: (a) treating an aqueous solution containing at least about 1 percent of said impure terephthalic acid with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of about 300.degree. F. to about 450.degree. F. and at a pressure sufficient to maintain the solution in the liquid phase in the presence of a supported or unsupported metallic Group VIII noble metal catalyst wherein both the metal and support components are insoluble in the solution at the temperature and at a hydrogen partial pressure of from about 30 to about 300 pounds per square inch; (b) separating the treated solution from the catalyst; (c) crystallizing terephthalic acid from the separated solution while retaining impurities and the reduced aromatic compounds dissolved in the resulting mother liquor at a temperature in the range of about 100.degree. F. to about 450.degree.

Abstract: A process is disclosed whereby a C.sub.5 hydrocarbon stream containing both olefins and paraffins is converted over an AMS-1B crystalline borosilicate catalyst or an AMS-1B crystalline borosilicate composition containing an ion or molecule of a catalytically active element such as a noble metal. The C.sub.5 olefins are converted to aromatic hydrocarbons, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 paraffins and olefins and C.sub.6 -C.sub.11 paraffins and olefins.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the liquid-phase oxidation of pseudocumene in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising cobalt, manganese, and bromine components wherein the metal catalyst are recycled to the oxidation reactor in the form of their oxalates.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of trimellitic acid for pseudocumene feedstock wherein the amount of cobalt used as catalyst is reduced to the range of about 0.06 to about 0.25 weight percent based on pseudocumene feedstock.

Abstract: This invention relates to the liquid-phase oxidation of pseudocumene and durene in the presence of multi-valent catalyst promoted by a source of bromine and to conducting the oxidation in two steps so that the amount of bromine added in the first stage is about 10 to about 35 percent of the total bromine added and the remainder is added in the second stage.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the preparation of a dialkyl ketone from an aliphatic carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalyst comprising manganese dioxide on a support of catalytically active alumina. This method is a convenient way of making diethyl ketone from propionic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid from p-methoxytoluene wherein said p-methoxytoluene is oxidized to p-anisic acid and said p-anisic acid is cleaved to p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of novel phosphorus-vanadium and phosphorus-vanadium cometal catalysts having a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern suitable for use in the manufacture of maleic anhydride from butane and other C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feedstocks which process comprises reacting at a temperature of about 0.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. a vanadium compound in an organic ether solvent having about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms with a phosphoryl halide in the presence of water or an aliphatic alcohol having from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, eliminating the solvent, and activating the catalyst by the addition of the hydrocarbon feedstock and water and a phosphorus compound at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. wherein the amount of water added is about 1,000 parts per million to about 40,000 parts per million by weight of the reactor feed gas stream is disclosed. The catalysts are useful for the manufacture of maleic anhydride from butane and other C.sub.

Abstract: A crude p-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid compound containing 4-carboxybenzaldehyde is purified and decolorized by hydrogenation in the presence of a platinum on carbon catalyst. 4-carboxybenzaldehyde is hydrogenated to p-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid. Toluic acid is not a product of the hydrogenation process.