Abstract: A process is provided for treating waste liquor or waste water containing free phenols in excess of 10,000 ppm, harmful to aerobic bacteria present in the activated sludge for general purpose, comprising the steps of (1) reducing the phenol content to 100 ppm or less by means of solvent extraction or adsorption, (2) conditioning the waste water obtained in step (1) in a large conditioning tank to adjust the pH, temperature and BOD, (3) treating the waste water obtained in step (2) in an aerating tank by means of activated sludge for general purpose containing aerobic bacteria, and (4) separating the treated water from the sludge in a sedimentation tank. Preferably above 10 to 50 weight percent of the treated water is recycled to the conditioning step (2).

Abstract: A plastic disc brake piston is disclosed with a novel fluted inner core design, giving a piston with superior structural strength, crack resistance, and improved heat dissipation when used in disc brake assemblies.

Abstract: An improved vinyl halide or vinyl halide copolymer containing up to 50 percent of a copolymer can be obtained by polymerizing in contact with an aliphatic hydrocarbon olefin homopolymer, copolymer or terpolymer in a process of bulk polymerizing comprising single stage or two-stage bulk polymerization wherein high speed agitation is used during the first stage and low speed agitation is used in the second stage. By polymerizing in the presence of the olefin polymer or copolymer, reduced particle size, reduced lump formation, and lower melt viscosity and improved impact strength can be obtained in the resin product. Small amounts of the olefin polymer or copolymer are effective in providing particle size control, reducing lump formation and eliminating scale build-up. Larger amounts of olefin polymer increase impact strength, reduce melt viscosity and provide excellent mold release properties in the final product.

Abstract: Phenolic novolak resins are produced from acetophenone, particularly by-product acetophenone obtained from the cumene process for manufacturing phenol, by the process of (1) reacting acetophenone with an aldehyde under alkaline conditions, and (2) reacting the product of step (1) with a phenol under acidic conditions. Phenolic resole resins are produced by reacting the product of step (2) with an aldehyde under alkaline conditions. The acetophenone modified phenolic resins are useful as a molding material, a felting or batting binder, a grinding stone binder, a foundry sand binder and an adhesive for timbers.

Abstract: An improved vinyl halide or vinyl halide copolymer containing up to 50 percent of a comonomer can be obtained by polymerizing in contact with an aliphatic hydrocarbon olefin homopolymer, copolymer or terpolymer in a process of bulk polymerization comprising single stage or two-stage bulk polymerization wherein high speed agitation is used during the first stage and low speed agitation is used in the second stage. By polymerizing in the presence of the olefin polymer or copolymer, reduced particle size, reduced lump formation, and lower melt viscosity and improved impact strength can be obtained in the resin product. Small amounts of the olefin polymer or copolymer are effective in providing particle size control, reducing lump formation and eliminating scale build-up. Larger amounts of olefin polymer increase impact strength, reduce melt viscosity and provide excellent mold release properties in the final product.

Abstract: This invention relates to resin-coated sand compositions useful in the preparation of foundry sand cores and molds comprising sand, a solid novalac resin, a lubricant-containing solid resole resin, and optionally, hexamethylenetetramine in an amount of up to about 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of resin.

Abstract: Polyvinyl halide or polyvinyl halide graft copolymers intimately mixed with a polyester derived mainly from an halogenated bicycloheptene carboxylic acid or anhydride such as chlorendic acid or anhydride and an alkylene glycol or alkylene oxide such as ethylene glycol or ethylene oxide are provided. The graft copolymers of the invention are obtained by polymerizing a vinyl halide in bulk in contact with an olefin polymer. The graft copolymer compositions of the invention have good clarity and provide improved processing characteristics and increased impact strength without reduction in heat distortion resulting from the addition of the polyester. The improved impact strength polyvinyl halide compositions of the invention can include blends of the polyester of the invention with modifying compounds, such as alkyl methacrylate-butadiene/styrene graft polymer impact modifiers and halogenated polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: An improved polyvinyl halide or a polyvinyl halide copolymer containing up to 50 percent of a comonomer can be obtained by post polymerizing in a single stage or two-stage bulk process in contact with a base polymer, the same or different monomer as the monomer used to form the base polymer. Compositions produced by the process of the invention are useful in making films, coated fabrics and molded objects. The liquid phase post polymerization process of the invention is applicable to base polymers in powder form prepared by emulsion, suspension and bulk polymerization processes. The base polymer can be present in a polymerization mixture in which only a partial amount of monomer has been converted to base polymer such as in a two-stage polymerization process or the base polymer can be used in dry, solid form. Polymers of the invention have improved bulk density and reduced plasticizer uptake and can be used to prepare fabric coatings.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester resins having improved fire retardant properties comprise a halogen-containing unsaturated polyester of a polycarboxylic compound and a polyhydric alcohol together with an additive mixture comprising iron or a compound of iron and at least one member of the group consisting of copper, a compound of copper, antimony and a compound of antimony. The unsaturated polyester resin may be copolymerized with an unsaturated monomer to prepare castings, laminated products, reinforced articles and the like having low burning rates, low smoke generation, and beneficial char formation in the presence of a flame.

Abstract: Fire retardant polymer compositions having improved smoke-retardance are prepared from:(1) a copolymerizable mixture of:(a) from about 50 to 80 weight percent of an .alpha.-,.beta.-, ethylenically unsaturated halogen-containing polyester of a polycarboxylic compound and a polyhydric alcohol, the polyester containing halogen in a proportion of greater than about 4 weight percent said halogen having been introduced subsequent to preparation of the polyester by esterification; and(b) from about 20 to about 50 weight percent of a mixture of unsaturated monomers comprising a vinylbenzene compound and an acrylic compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and esters of these acids, the weight ratio of vinylbenzene compound to acrylic compound being about 1:4 to 4:1; and(2) an effective fire retardant proportion of about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of a smoke inhibiting additive comprising at least 0.

Abstract: An improved polyvinyl halide or a vinyl halide copolymer containing up to 50 percent of a comonomer can be obtained by post polymerizing in a single stage or two-stage bulk process in contact with a base polymer, the same or different monomer as the monomer used to form the base polymer. Compositions produced by the process of the invention are useful in making films, coated fabrics and molded objects. The liquid phase post polymerization process of the invention is applicable to base polymers in powder form prepared by emulsion, suspension and bulk polymerization processes. The base polymer can be present in a polymerization mixture in which only a partial amount of monomer has been converted to base polymer such as in a two-stage polymerization process or the base polymer can be used in dry, solid form. Polymers of the invention have improved bulk density and reduced plasticizer uptake and can be used to prepare fabric coatings.

Abstract: Linear aromatic polyesters are produced by the melt polymerization process by mixing a bisphenol, a diaryl ester of a dicarboxylic acid and an oligomeric polyester comprised of an aliphatic glycol and a dicarboxylic acid and reacting the mixture in the presence of a transesterification catalyst.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing a stable aqueous emulsion of a phenolic resin which is characterized by adding polyacrylamides and, if required, further adding dispersing agents to the phenolic resin during or after the completion of a reaction of components which comprise (A) between about five (5) and one hundred (100) parts by weight of one or more phenols, (B) between zero (0) and about ninety-five (95) parts by weight of aldehyde-reactive modifier, and (C) in excess of 0.4 mole of aldehydes based on the total amount of one (1) mole of (A) and (B) described above.Emulsions obtained by the present invention are useful as binders for inorganic materials and organic materials, as compounding ingredients for latex, as emulsion and water paints and so forth; and, furthermore, there are various uses such as grouting agent, reinforcing agent for synthetic rubber, self-hardening binder for foundry sands, raw material of phenolic resin foam, binder for abrasive cloth and paper, and the like.

Abstract: Aromatic polyester compositions having improved hydrolytic stability comprise, in admixture, (1) a linear aromatic polyester prepared from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a bisphenol, and (2) a polymer comprising the reaction product of a styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer and a diene rubber.

Abstract: Dimensionally stable, pigmentable polyester molding compositions comprise:A) polymerizable polyester component; andB) an additive component comprising discrete particles of less than about 50 microns diameter of a lightly cross-linked vinyl chloride polymer having a glass transition temperature of below about 100.degree. C and which is chemically inert with respect to the polyester component and is swellable but insoluble therein.The additive component is a vinyl chloride polymer or copolymer lightly cross-linked with a suitable polyfunctional monomer, such as a diacrylate.

Abstract: Adhesive compositions comprising a mixture of polyvinyl acetate and an alcohol soluble resol phenolic resin and about 2 to 20 parts by weight of lower polyhydric alcohol per 100 parts by weight of the resin solids have enhanced binding strengths on curing even after a prolonged open assembly time.

Abstract: A process for coating electronic elements comprises the steps of (1) forcibly impregnating an element with a liquid thermosetting resin undercoat, (2) depositing a powdered coating material on the element as a topcoat by electrostatic fluidized bed dip coating the element before the undercoat is dry, and (3) curing the resin by heating.

Abstract: Improved aqueous color developing compositions for copying papers are prepared by emulsifying phenolic resins having relatively low molecular weights. The aqueous emulsions are prepared by condensing a phenol and an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst, and without the customary steps of high temperature concentration or dry pulverization of the solid resin the precondensate is directly emulsified with starch or other emulsifiers while in a liquid state. Uniformity of resin particle size is achieved by accelerated agitation of the precondensate. The process provides stable emulsions with fine resin particles having a diameter of under about 7 microns, which excel in color developing properties, fastness to light and have extended shelf life.

Abstract: Rubber cement compositions which consist of rubbers and multi- (three and more) functional phenol-aldehyde modified bifunctional phenol resins, which are made by first obtaining the bifunctional phenolic resin by condensing 1 mole of bifunctional phenol with 0.5 to 3.0 moles of aldehydes in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, and then co-condensing 0.05 to 2.5 moles of multifunctional (three and more) phenols against 1 mol of the bifunctional phenols in the above-mentioned resin in the presence of an acidic catalyst, said co-condensed resin having a number average molecular weight of 700 - 1900, a resin melting point of 80.degree. - 160.degree. C, being curable and also being soluble in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.

Abstract: A method for accelerated curing of phenolic resin adhesives comprises adding powdered green tea to a thermosetting phenolic resin at about ambient temperature.