Abstract: Novel nitrogen- and sulfur-containing amphoteric compounds are prepared by reacting ammonia with a heterocyclic intermediate prepared from a nitrile, an olefin and sulfur trioxide. These compounds are useful as surfactants; those that are polymerizable form polymers which are useful as co-flocculants in combination with inorganic flocculants.

Abstract: Additive concentrates comprising hydrogenated alkenyl-arene-conjugated diene interpolymers and a non-ester type synthetic lubricating oil diluent are disclosed. Lubricating compositions prepared from these concentrates are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions made by reacting (A) an acylated amino hydrocarbyl sulfonic acid having an acyl portion containing a substantially saturated hydrocarbyl substituent of at least about 12 carbon atoms and bonded to the amino hydrocarbyl sulfonic acid through an acyl, acylimidoyl or acyloxy linkage, (B) a heterocyclic reagent such as an epoxide, episulfide or aziridine and (C) an amino compound having about 1 to about 400 carbon atoms or an organo-sulfide having 2 to about 50 carbon atoms are useful in fuels and lubricants as dispersants, anti-static agents and corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: Normally liquid fuel compositions containing N-substituted morpholines of the formulaO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.2 NR'YR"wherein R' is a divalent organic radical of at least one to about 30 carbon atoms, Y is --O--, --S--, ##EQU1## or --NR.sup.3 --, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl radical of at least one carbon atom and R" is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of at least 20 carbon atoms, exhibit improved carburetor detergency and anti-icing properties. They also show intake system deposit inhibition. Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are gasolines containing the above-described morpholines wherein Y is ##EQU2## R' is 1,3-propylene and R" is a hydrocarbyl group of at least about 40 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Compositions useful as lubricant and fuel dispersants are prepared by reacting a hydroxyaromatic compound containing an aliphatic or alicyclic substituent which has at least about 6 carbon atoms with an aldehyde in the presence of an alkaline reagent and at a temperature up to about 125.degree.C., substantially neutralizing the resulting intermediate at a temperature up to about 150.degree.C., and then reacting with a primary or secondary amino compound.

Abstract: Oil-soluble polymers of N-3-aminoalkyl acrylamides, especially N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-dimethylaminopropyl)acrylamide, are obtained by copolymerization with a monomer (especially an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate) containing an alkyl group with at least about 8 carbon atoms. These polymers are useful as dispersants and viscosity modifiers for lubricants.

Abstract: An orthopedic bandage for immobilizing or supporting portions of the body comprises a flexible carrier supporting a cast-forming composition comprising diacetone acrylamide and a water-insoluble condensation product of formaldehyde and diacetone acrylamide. The cast-forming composition may also contain fillers. The bandage is preferably prepared for use by dipping in water in the presence of a catalyst for initiating polymerization of the diacetone acrylamide and condensation product and then wrapping the body portion to be immobilized. The initiator may be a part of the bandage and may either be incorporated in the cast-forming composition or coated on the surface of the bandage.

Abstract: Curable water-base compositions are prepared by combining a thermosetting acrylic polymer or an aminoplast composition with a water-soluble composition prepared by the reaction of an N-3-oxohydrocarbon-substituted acrylamide (preferably diacetone acrylamide) with an aldehyde (preferably formaldehyde) in the presence of an alkaline reagent. "Prepregs" can be prepared from filled water-base compositions of this type, preferably in aqueous solution with a free radical polymerization catalyst, with the water subsequently being removed by evaporation. Thermoset compositions are prepared by heating the curable prepregs for a time and at a temperature sufficient to effect free radical polymerization and crosslinking of the water-soluble composition. Water-base compositions containing pigments are useful as thermosetting paints, chiefly for metal surfaces, and may be thermoset in the same way.

Abstract: Lubricating compositions containing seal swelling additives based upon certain diesters and/or ester lactones are disclosed.

Abstract: Metal surfaces are treated, preferably after phosphating, with a phenol-formaldehyde composition or the like prepared under alkaline conditions, the mole ratio of formaldehyde to phenol being at least about 2:1. The phenol-formaldehyde composition is most often used as an aqueous solution. The treatment is a suitable substitute for the conventional chromate rinse.

Abstract: Esters of amidoalkanesulfonic acids are prepared by bringing the acid into contact with sulfur trioxide and subsequently adding an organic hydroxy compound which may be an alcohol or phenol and is preferably an alcohol. The sulfur trioxide is ordinarily furnished by fuming sulfuric acid (oleum). In a preferred embodiment, the amidoalkanesulfonic acid is prepared in situ from a nitrile, an olefin and fuming sulfuric acid, and the fuming sulfuric acid used in the preparation of the acid also furnishes the sulfur trioxide for the ester formation. The esters derived from unsaturated amides are useful monomers, especially for copolymerization with acrylic compounds to produce polymers of improved dyeability.

Abstract: Polymerizable amido-substituted sulfonic acids, especially 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, react with epoxides (especially ethylene and propylene oxide) to form hydroxy-containing esters which are useful for the production of dyeable and dyeability-improving polymers.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a nitrogen-containing mixed ester of a carboxy-interpolymer having a reduced specific viscosity of from about 0.05 to 2.0. The carboxy-interpolymers, from which the mixed esters are obtained, are derived from at least one monomer selected from the class consisting of aliphatic olefins and styrene and at least one monomer comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid, the anhydride or ester thereof. The nitrogen-containing mixed ester may be characterized as having in the polymeric structure carboxylic-ester groups derived from high molecular weight alcohols at least 7 aliphatic carbon atoms and low molecular weight alcohols having from 1 to 6 aliphatic carbon atoms and carbonyl-polyamino groups derived from hydrazine or a hydrocarbon-substituted hydrazine. The nitrogen-containing mixed esters are particularly useful either alone or in combination with other known additives in small but effective amounts in various oleaginous materials including lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: Ester-containing compositions prepared by reacting a high molecular weight carboxylic acid acylating agent with polyoxyalkylene alcohol demulsifiers for aqueous emulsions. The ester-containing compositions are useful as additives in normally liquid fuels and lubricants.

Abstract: Ester-containing compositions prepared by reacting a high molecular weight carboxylic acid acylating agent with polyoxyalkylene alcohol demulsifiers for aqueous emulsions. The ester-containing compositions are useful as additives in normally liquid fuels and lubricants.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a nitrogen-containing ester of a carboxy-interpolymer having a reduced specific viscosity ranging from about 0.05 to 2.0. The carboxy-interpolymers, from which the nitrogen-containing esters are obtained, are derived from at least one monomer selected from the class consisting of aliphatic olefins and styrene and at least one monomer comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid, the anhydride or ester thereof. The nitrogen-containing ester may be characterized as having in the polymeric structure carboxylic-ester groups derived from a high molecular weight alcohol having at least 7 aliphatic carbon atoms and carbonyl-polyamino groups derived from hydrazine or a hydrocarbon-substituted hydrazine. The nitrogen-containing ester may be used alone or in combination with other additives in small but effective amounts in various oleaginous materials including lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: Sulfonic acids, particularly amido-substituted sulfonic acids and preferably acrylamidoalkanesulfonic acids, can be esterified by reaction with (A) an ester of phosphoric acid or (B) an adduct of an ester of a strong acid (preferably sulfuric acid) with an amide such as dimethylformamide. This method is especially useful for the preparation of lower alkyl esters, especially the methyl and ethyl esters. The esters are useful monomers, especially for copolymerization with acrylic compounds to produce polymers of improved dyeability.

Abstract: Novel systems, useful in molding and in prepreg formation, contain two components capable of reacting to form an infusible material. The two components are preferably an unsaturated polyester and a crosslinker comprising a substituted acrylamide or similar compound. The systems are substantially non-volatile; solid at ambient temperatures; liquid, homogeneous and non-reactive at higher temperatures; readily and reversibly convertible from solid to liquid; and capable of conversion to said infusible material at still higher temperatures.

Abstract: Compositions suitable as replacements for sulfurized sperm oil as extreme pressure additives in lubricants are obtained by sulfurizing a mixture of at least one fatty acid ester (preferably an oil such as soybean oil), at least one C.sub.8 -.sub.36 aliphatic olefin (preferably an .alpha.-olefin), and, optionally, at least one fatty acid (preferably unsaturated).

Abstract: Novel polyphenol compositions are prepared by successively reacting a phenol with formaldehyde or a reversible polymer thereof and sulfurizing the same with sulfur or a sulfur halide. The formaldehyde reaction and sulfurization may be effected in either order, but preferably the formaldehyde reaction takes place first. The resulting polyphenols are useful as oxidation inhibitors in lubricants. They may also be reacted with epoxides, and either the polyphenols or the epoxide reaction products thereof may be reacted with metal bases (especially alkali metal and alkaline earth metal bases, and preferably barium or calcium) to yield basic salts. The basic salts may also be reacted with epoxides, preferably ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The basic salts thus obtained are useful in lubricants as detergents and oxidation inhibitors.