Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the polymerization of olefins, comprising the steps of introducing at least one olefin, at least one polymerization catalyst, at least one cocatalyst and at least one cocatalyst aid, and optionally a scavenger, into a polymerization reactor, and polymerizing the olefin, wherein the cocatalyst aid is a reaction product prepared separately prior to the introduction into the reactor by reacting at least one metal alkyl compound of group IIA or IIIA of the periodic system of elements and at least one compound (A) of the formula RmXR?n, wherein R is a branched, straight, or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R? is hydrogen or any functional group with at least one active hydrogen, X is at least one heteroatom selected from the group of O, N, P or S or a combination thereof, and wherein n and m are each at least 1 and are such that the formula has no net charge.

Abstract: This invention is for a catalyst for conversion of a hydrocarbonaceous feed. The catalyst is a zeolite aluminosilicate with a silicon to aluminum molar ratio from about 70:1 to about 100:1 on which a noble metal has been deposited. The zeolite catalyst may contain other optional tetravalent and trivalent elements in the zeolite framework. The zeolite structure may be MFI, FAU, TON, MFL, VPI, MEL, AEL, AFI, MWW or MOR. The catalyst is synthesized by preparing a zeolite containing aluminum, silicon and, optionally, other elements, such as germanium, in the framework, depositing a noble metal, such as platinum, on the zeolite and calcining the zeolite. The catalyst may be used for aromatization of alkanes to aromatics. One embodiment is a MFI zeolite catalyst which may be used for the aromatization of alkanes having two to six carbon atoms per molecule to aromatics, such as benzene, toluene and xylenes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the aromatization of C6 to C12 alkanes, such as hexane, heptane and octane, to aromatics, such as benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene and xylenes, with a germanium-containing zeolite catalyst. The catalyst is a non-acidic aluminum-silicon-germanium zeolite on which a noble metal, such as platinum, has been deposited. The zeolite structure may be of MFI, BEA, MOR, LTL or MTT. The zeolite is made non-acidic by being base-exchanged with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, such as cesium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, barium, calcium, magnesium and mixtures thereof, to reduce acidity. The catalyst is sulfur tolerant and may be pretreated with a sulfur compound, i.e., sulfided. The hydrocarbon feed may contain sulfur up to 1000 ppm. The present invention could be applicable to a feedstream which is predominantly paraffinic and/or low in naphthenes. Lowering the hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio increases conversion and aromatics selectivity.

Abstract: A catalyst composition having the formula: Mo1VaSbbNbcMdOx wherein M is gallium, bismuth, silver or gold, a is 0.01 to 1, b is 0.01 to 1, c is 0.01 to 1, d is 0.01 to 1 and x is determined by the valence requirements of the other components. Other metals, such as tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, chromium, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, platinum, boron, arsenic, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, calcium, beryllium, magnesium, cerium, strontium, hafnium, phosphorus, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, terbium, ytterbium, lutetium, lanthanum, scandium, palladium, praseodymium, neodymium, yttrium, thorium, tungsten, cesium, zinc, tin, germanium, silicon, lead, barium or thallium may also be components of the catalyst. This catalyst is prepared by co-precipitation of metal compounds which are calcined to form a mixed metal oxide catalyst that can be used for the selective conversion of an alkane to an unsaturated carboxylic acid in a one-step process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of alkylene glycols from the corresponding alkylene oxide, such as ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide, in the presence of water, a catalyst and, optionally, carbon dioxide. The catalyst contains amines which are weak bases, specifically having pKa of at least 5.5, preferably 8 to 11. The amines may be primary, secondary, tertiary or a blend thereof or may be a compound having a structural combination of primary, secondary and/or tertiary amines.

Abstract: A method of preparing a xylene product is carried out by providing a reactor containing a non-steamed, phosphorus-treated ZSM-5-type zeolite catalyst. The catalyst is contacted with a toluene/methanol feed and a cofeed of hydrogen under reactor conditions suitable for the methylation of toluene. Water is introducing into the reactor during the methylation reaction under conditions that provide substantially no structural aluminum loss of the catalyst from such introduction of water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making a germanium-zeolite. The zeolite is preferably a MFI-type structure, most preferably a ZSM-5 MFI zeolite. The germanium-zeolite is synthesized from an aqueous gel containing a silica source, a germanium source, an aluminum source and a structure directing agent in the presence of an acid to control the pH of the gel in the range of 6.5 to 13.5, preferably 7.5 to 11, to maximize the amount of germanium incorporated into the zeolite framework. Optionally, a sodium compound may be introduced into the reaction mixture gel either before or after the addition of the acid, preferably before.

Abstract: A method of modifying a zeolite catalyst to increase selectivity of the catalyst is achieved by dissolving alumina in a phosphorus-containing acid solution, and treating the zeolite catalyst with the dissolved alumina solution. A method of preparing an aromatic product, such as a xylene product, is also achieved by contacting the modified zeolite catalyst with an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, and an alkylating agent, such as methanol, under reaction conditions suitable for aromatic alkylation. For xylene products the aromatic hydrocarbon may be toluene and the reaction conditions may be suitable for at least one of toluene methylation and transalkylation.

Abstract: A shell impregnated catalyst of Pd-Au produced on a silica support to have a Pd loading of 1.8 g/L of catalyst to about 7.2 g/L and a Au to Pd weight ratio of 0.3 to 2.0 by impregnating the support with aqueous solutions of palladium and gold salts or acids and thereafter precipitating water insoluble compounds of Pd and Au on the with alkali metal silicate or hydroxide solutions, then dried, and the surface precipitated compounds of Pd and Au are then reduced by reaction with ethylene or hydrogen at a temperature of greater than 150° C. up to 310° C. or with hydrogen up to 299° C. until substantially all of the Pd and Au contents are reduced to a free metal state, after which the support is impregnated with potassium acetate to an extent of 6 to 7 weight percent of the weight of the total catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chromium/silca-aluminophosphate catalyst, titanated under specific conditions and used for the homopolymerisation or the copolymerisation of ethylene. The polyethylene obtained with this catalyst has a high melt potential and a high shear resistance. The catalyst has a high level of activity.

Abstract: The catalyst is a mixture of metallocene catalyst component of the general formula: R″b(CpR4)(CpR′4)MR*v−2 where R″ is a bridge imparting stereorigidity to the structure to the metallocene by connecting the two cyclopentadienyl rings, b is 0 or 1, Cp is a cyclopentadienyl ring, R and R′ are substituents on the cyclopentadienyl rings and can be a hydride or a hydrocarbyl from 1-9 carbon atoms, each R and R′ being the same or different, each (CpR4) and (CpR′4) being the same or different, M is a Group IIIB, IVB, VB or VIB metal, R* is a hydride, a halogen or a hydrocarbyl from 1-20 carbon atoms, v is the valence of M and an aluminoxane co-catalyst in a solvent. The solvent is removed from the mixture of metallocene and aluminoxane to form a solid. The solid mixture is ground and delivered into a reactor in a mineral oil slurry.

Abstract: A shell impregnated catalyst of Pd—Au produced on a silica support to have a Pd loading of 1.8 g/L of catalyst to about 7.2 g/L and a Au to Pd weight ratio of 0.3 to 2.0 by impregnating the support with aqueous solutions of palladium and gold salts or acids and thereafter precipitating water insoluble compounds of Pd and Au on the with alkali metal silicate or hydroxide solutions, then dried, and the surface precipitated compounds of Pd and Au are then reduced by reaction with ethylene or hydrogen at a temperature of greater than 150° C. up to 310° C. or with hydrogen up to 299° C. until substantially all of the Pd and Au contents are reduced to a free metal state, after which the support is impregnated with potassium acetate to an extent of 6 to 7 weight percent of the weight of the total catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a metallocene catalyst for use in preparing polyolefins having low molecular weight. The catalyst comprises a bridged metallocene in which one of the cyclopentadienyl rings is substituted in a substantially different manner from the other ring.

Abstract: Using sodium benzoate as an additive or a nucleating agent in polypropylene film, specifically a uni- or mono-axially oriented polypropylene film, up to 1000 ppm reduces shrinkage and increases stretchability.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the production of a reinforced polymer, which method comprises: (a) introducing carbon nanotubes into a polymer to provide a mixture of the polymer and the nanotubes; (b) stretching the mixture at or above the melting temperature (Tm) of the polymer to orient the carbon nanotubes; and (c) stretching the mixture in the solid state to further orient the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A process for producing a chromium-based catalyst for the production of polyethylene, the process comprising providing a silica support having a surface area of at least 380 m2/g and a pore volume of at least 1.5 ml/g; impregnating the silica support with a liquid including a source of aluminum ions and a source of phosphate ions; neutralizing the resultant impregnated support with a neutralizing agent to provide a pH greater than 7 for the resultant neutralized support whereby aluminum phosphate forms in pores of the silica support; and, at any stage in the method, impregnating the silica support with a chromium component.

Abstract: A blow moulded automobile fuel tank having a wall defining a fuel chamber wherein the minimum wall thickness of the wall is from 2.4 mm to less than 3 mm, the tank being composed of a high density polyethylene having a density of from 0.945 to 0.955 g/cm3, a high load melt index of from 5 to 9.5 g/10 min, the high density polyethylene optionally having a carbon black content of up to 0.5 wt %, and the fuel tank having a fire resistance and an impact resistance both complying with the respective standards defined in ECE 34, ANNEX 5.

Abstract: A process for producing high density polyethylene, the process comprising polymerising ethylene, or copolymerising ethylene and an alpha-olefinic comonomer comprising from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising first and second chromium-based catalysts, the first chromium-based catalyst having been reduced and reoxidised and the second chromium-based catalysts having been activated, fluoridised before or during the activation step, and reduced, the first and second chromium-based catalysts having a pore volume difference of at least 0.8 cc/g.

Abstract: A process for reducing the water take up of a vinyl aromatic-conjugated diene polymer when subjected to a humid environment, the process comprising solution polymerising at least one vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and a conjugated diene in the presence of a catalyst based on an alkali metal to produce alkalimetal derivatives of a vinyl aromatic-conjugated diene polymer and neutralising the derivatives with a C9-C16 alkyl dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for improving the yield in the production of high octane gasoline after naphtha reforming by utilizing a transalkylation step to upgrade the heavy and light fractions coming from the reforming step.