Abstract: A set of independent pseudonoise (PN) component codes greater than two are combined in a manner which produces one or more I and Q uncorrelated orthogonal pairs of resulting combined PN sequences. At least two of the component codes in a resulting combined PN sequence are combined in a manner which produces an overall imbalance of ones and zeros in the binary expression of the resulting combined PN sequence so that the resulting composite code has a partial correlation with a predetermined one of the PN component codes. In the preferred embodiment, three component codes are combined to produce uncorrelated orthogonal pairs of composite codes wherein at least one of the pairs of composite codes is produced to have a partial correlation with one or more of the component codes.

Abstract: A low mounting impedance ultrasonic transducer for mounting on a bonding machine comprises a prior art type transducer having a modified mounting flange which includes one or more elongated apertures in the mounting flange or the transducer body to isolate transverse radial stress in the transducer body from entering into the mounting flanges and coupling to the bonding machine.

Abstract: A novel pull strength tester is incorporated into an automatic wire bonder for performing pull strength tests during production bonding operation. The pull strength tester is provided with a control for automatically applying increments of pull force on a fine wire after making a bond. The control senses the elongation of the fine wire as a result of the force applied and is capable of terminating the pull test at a predetermined threshold value or continuing to increase the force until a break occurs. After each increase in force, a continuity circuit determines if the wire has broken at the bond or the bond has lifted off the bonding target. The system employs the information to determine if a proper bond was made and/or if a short tail was made which could affect the subsequent attempt to form a proper ball for a subsequent first bond.

Abstract: A two-way set associative cache memory system for a parallel-pipelined computer system uses separate queue structures to hold main memory fetch and store requests generated by the central processing unit (CPU). A memory access unit, coupled between the cache memory system and the CPU selects the next request to be processed by the main memory from between the requests at the heads of the fetch and store queues. The request at the head of the fetch queue is preferred over the request at the head of the store queue unless the memory partition to be used by the fetch request is still busy with a previous request while the partition to be used by the store request is idle. Data retrieved from the main memory replaces data in the cache according to an algorithm that prefers empty pages within a set to pages that contain data and prefers pages that do not have pending update requests scheduled to pages that do have pending update requests scheduled.

Abstract: In a motor system controlled by a central processing unit, an observer-compensator is provided which modifies the command signal being applied to the actual motor system to be controlled. The observer-compensator comprises in the observer portion, a simulated ideal motor system without disturbance forces. The velocity output of the simulated ideal motor system is compared to the velocity output of the actual system to produce a velocity error signal (Verr). A feedback compensator in the simulated ideal motor system is adjusted to compensate for the velocity error signal without disturbance forces.After disturbance forces are introduced into the actual motor system, a comparison of the output of the actual motor system with the output of the simulated ideal motor system produces a position error signal (P.sub.D --P.sub.A) which is applied to the compensator portion of the observer-compensator. The compensator portion comprises a disturbance reconstruction device which is coupled to the position error signal.

Abstract: A multi-resonance frequency ultrasonic transducer as a plurality of useful resonance frequencies for wire bonding operation and comprises an integral unibody with a rectangular aperture in the center of its mass. A multi-frequency stack of transducer drivers is mounted in the rectangular aperture with compression wedges. The length L of the stack of transducer drivers is equal to or less than one-quarter of one wavelength of the lower useful resonance frequency and the design envelopes for the useful frequencies embrace two or more useful fixed frequencies separated from spurious unusable frequencies by a minimum of two kilohertz.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Significant Bit Calculator (SBC) for determining the number of significant bits or nibbles of an operand in one clock period, and for using the result in performing binary arithmetic operations, such as multiplication and division. By determining the exact size of the operand in one clock cycle, the time spent on processing leading zeros is eliminated. The SBC can be implemented with combinational logic circuitry to compute the number of significant bits or nibbles in a single clock cycle regardless of the number of leading zeros and without any firmware or counter. The time saved using the SBC is proportional to the size of the operand.

Abstract: An add-on heat sink for increasing the thermal efficiency of an existing heat sink comprises a support base, a first plurality of fins extending from the support base for dissipating heat and a second plurality of spaced fins extending from the support base that are arranged to intermesh with the fins of the existing heat sink and to form an interference fit therewith, whereby the add-on heat sink can be removably attached to the existing heat sink.

Abstract: Apparatus and method that incorporate bussed test access port interface into a system control interface for testing and controlling system logic boards in a manner that is fully compliant with the IEEE 1149.1 standard, while conserving system controller card signals. The apparatus incorporates six signals per interface, which includes the five standard signals as defined by IEEE 1149.1 standard plus a maintenance enable (ME) signal. Four of the standard signals, TCK, TMS, TDI and TRST* are bussed among multiple system logic boards, while the ME signals and the TDO signals are connected in a point-to-point manner between the system controller card and system logic boards. Instruction and data on the TCK, TMS, TDI, and TRST* signals are simultaneously bussed to all system logic boards. These four signals are received by each system logic board through an interface enable circuit, controlled by the ME signal line.

Abstract: A novel high speed unidirectional bus system is provided for receiving a plurality of novel circuit card assemblies in receptacles on the bus. Adjacent receptacles are connected by lines on the bus which interconnect output pins to input pins. The circuit between output pins and input pins are formed by connecting the plugs on circuit card assemblies into the receptacles on said bus. The system comprises a plurality of function circuit card assemblies connected in a daisy chain when inserted into adjacent receptacles on said bus between a source circuit card assembly and a destination circuit card assembly and the address portion of the information supplied by the source circuit card assembly is programmed to identify the function circuit card assembly to first receive the source data whereby the unidirectional bus system may be operated in a time division random access mode at data rates in excess of the data rates of individual functional circuit card assemblies.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sealing a vessel or capsule under pressure comprises a preferred embodiment closure feature provided on a closure plate or metal wall to be sealed. The closure feature comprises a raised symmetrical protrusion having a small diameter elongated capillary aperture extending completely therethrough. The exposed end of the raised protrusion is heated by rodless welding to a molten state after filling the associated vessel. Then the exposed end of the cylindrical protrusion is allowed to cool while the surface tension of the metal in a molten state forms a convex bubble shape which completely closes the capillary in the exposed end of the cylindrical protrusion and maintains the heat affected zone from progressing radially outward where cracks could occur.

Abstract: An improved phase locked indication circuit for a Costas QPSK carrier recovery loop comprises an inphase channel, a quadrature channel and phase error channel each connected to an input of a three input summing circuit through a diode square law multiplier and wherein the error channel signal is filtered by a low pass filter to smooth the signal before being applied to the negative input of the summing circuit to diminish false lock and not locked signals. The locked and not lock conditions are separated one from the other by a large signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: A novel high-speed capillary/wedge bonding tool is provided for use on an automatic fine wire bonder which has either a rotating bonding head or a workstation which rotates relative to the bonding head. The novel working tip of the novel bonding tool is provided with two closely spaced parallel sides having substantially zero degree cone angle when viewed from the side. The bonding tool is further provided with a substantially rectangular shaped wedge foot which extends between a segment of the chamfer diameter and a segment of the tip diameter when viewed from the front. In the preferred embodiment, the novel chamfer recess in the novel capillary/wedge bonding tool is elongated so that balls bonded at first bond are more narrow in width than in length and occupy approximately the same area as prior art high speed gold ball bonds. The novel rectangular wedge shape foot produces second mashed wedge wire bonds which are as robust as, and/or stronger than prior art mashed wedge wire bonds.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for determining the position of a component held on the end of a pick up tool includes a pick up tool and positioning sensing system mounted on a movable frame with each other. The position sensing system includes an adjustable light source for producing an intense fan of light onto a collimating lens. The collimating lens produces an object field comprising a thin wide sheet of collimated light to be projected on a component held by the pick up tool. The thin wide sheet of light is projected on a component whose position is to be determined and the unblocked rays of light are projected onto an objective focusing lens which focuses the unblocked light through a very small aperture onto a relay lens which receives the refocused unblocked rays of light and produces refocused collimated light rays which are directed as an image onto a linear array sensor having a plurality of high density pixel sensors whose position is known relative to the pick up tool.

Abstract: A transmitter is provided which simultaneously transmits waveforms such as with different data rates. These transmissions are modulated (e.g. phase modulated) onto quadrature channels of a common carrier, and are then combined. The resulting composite modulated waveform is upconverted to RF, power amplified, split and routed to separate ports for transmission. The transmitted signals are then received, downconverted and demodulated to produce the original signals.

Abstract: Multiple clocks are interconnected in a network which is fed and controlled by a clock generator. A delay of one or more clock periods less a fixed amount is imposed between any two such clocks excluding the clock generator, to cause the repeated clock so transferred to occur at the appropriate time in the next cycle. Feedback using such delays assures bounded phase differences among these clocks. Thus, skew bounds can be provided for large numbers of clocks, to provide a bounded delay among multiple clocks. There is inserted in each link between a pair of clock nodes a delay line that delays a propogating clock signal by just enough time to cause the repeated clock to occur at the appropriate time in the next cycle, thereby synchronizing the appearance of that clock signal at the various nodes. Self-oscillation of the system, if the clock generator is removed, is avoided by having the delay between any two directly connected nodes be greater than one period of that clock generator.

Abstract: A virtual memory computing system is provided with a novel table-look-aside-buffer (TLB). The table-look-aside-buffer is located in cache memory and provides high speed verification that a page address being accessed by the instruction processor is present in the high speed mass storage unit (MSU) of the computer system. In the event of a page miss in the TLB, the control circuits associated with the TLB fetch a page descriptor and generate a translated real page address which is stored in the TLB in an invalidated (decelerated) or non-degraded and least recently used address.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for increasing the speed of acquisition of PN coded signals includes a novel PN code clock extraction circuit which is coupled in parallel to a code tracking loop and acquisition loop of a PN receiver of the type having a replica PN code generator which is slip controlled to synchronize with the received PN coded signals. The novel PN code clock extraction circuit detects the clock transition of the received PN coded signals and synchronized the replica PN code generator clock transition signals so that there is no misalignment during acquisition. A switch control in the acquisition loop circuit senses the synchronization of the replica PN code generator transition and the received PN code transition and disconnects the PN code clock extraction circuit after synchronization of clock transition and before acquisition of the PN code so that the acquisition loop detects the PN code synchronization with a full strength signal.

Abstract: An improved digital data modulator is provided for a digital transmitter. The digital data modulator comprises of a pair of digital data synthesizers which are controlled in a manner which produces complex conjugate modulated data signals of the input signals. Summing means are provided to sum the outputs of the digital data synthesizers in a manner which removes the imaginary components and simultaneously reduces the side load power without employing conventional filters.

Abstract: A novel bonding tool is designed for use in conventional ultrasonic transducers. The bonding tool body is mounted in the ultrasonic transducer at an angle or in an offset holder so that the working face of the bonding tool is offset and out from under the end of the ultrasonic transducer. The axis of a wedge bonding tool body is mounted at an inclined angle of up to forty-five degrees and the tapered wedge of the bonding tool is inclined in the opposite direction so that the working face of the offset tapered wedge is in a horizontal working plane.