Abstract: A transition of an external enable signal generates a reset pulse to a counter to set the counter into a known state. The counter, clocked by the external clock signal, generates a clock signal that is decoded by a fuse decoder circuit. The fuse decoder circuit outputs a selection signal to a trim circuit. The trim circuit produces a voltage selection signal, such as a resistance value, that is indicated by the selection signal for use by an internal reference voltage generation circuit. The output of the internal reference voltage generation circuit is compared to the external reference voltage. The counter circuit continues counting until the internal reference voltage is equal to or greater than the external reference voltage. The counter is disabled and the final count that produced the proper internal reference voltage is stored in non-volatile memory cells for future use.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of operating an open digit line and a folded digit line DRAM memory array having a plurality of memory cells wherein, in a plan view, each memory cell, in one embodiment, has an area of 6F2. One method comprises, storing a first bit in a first memory cell and storing a second bit that is complementary to the first bit in a second memory cell. The first bit and the second bit form a data bit. The data bit is read by comparing a voltage difference between the first memory cell and the second memory cell.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes an array of non-volatile memory cells. The memory has control circuitry to erase the non-volatile memory cells and perform erase verification and scan operations. The memory can be arranged in numerous erasable blocks and/or sub-blocks. An erase register stores data indicating an erase state of corresponding memory sub-blocks. During erase verification, the memory programs the erase register when a non-erased memory cell is located in a corresponding sub-block. Additional erase pulses can be selectively applied to sub-blocks based upon the erase register data. Likewise, erase verification operations can be selectively performed on sub-blocks based upon the erase register data.

Abstract: A computer protocol that manages and provides efficient communications and utilization of resources between a mobile computer system or device and other systems and devices. Each home agent maintains a home agent list containing information about each of the home agents coupled to the home link. A designated home agent on behalf of the home agents for a virtual home agent is used to send and broadcast home agent advertisement, to receive and process a request from a mobile node, to process and send a reply to the mobile node. Synchronization mechanisms or tools, such as home agent priority or floating token method, are provided for proper operation of a Virtual Distribution Home Agent Protocol (VDHAP). These mechanisms or tools are used to fairly distribute loads from the mobile node among the home agents within the virtual home agent.

Abstract: A switch that has a plurality of inputs in which cells are received at these inputs. Each cell received at the inputs of the switch contain routing information. A routing means is employed to route the cells received at the inputs of the switch to outputs using routing information in which a number of the cells are misrouted by the routing means during the process of routing the cells to the outputs. Bus means is employed to route a cell to the destination in which the bus means is connected to the routing means. The bus means routes misrouted cells that are misrouted from the destination by some selected amount.

Abstract: During a telephone call to a call center, in a first portion of the call is placed in a call queue, and the call center apparatus generates a pre-answer signal which is interpreted by a central office apparatus to meter and bill a cost of the call to a receiving party operating the call center. When the call is connected to an interactive device, e.g. a call center agent's telephone handset, the call center generates a call answer signal which is transmitted to the central office apparatus, and interpreted as a signal to meter and bill a second portion of the call, containing interactive communication to a caller.

Abstract: The present invention facilitates an inter-mobile switching center (MSC) soft hand-off by creating a communication link between the MSCs through the base station controllers (BSCs). The routers in the BSCs are linked to form a virtual router. This faster link between the BSCs enables the same protocol to be used for intra-MSC soft hand-off used for inter-MSC soft hand-off.

Abstract: Various operational measurements of a network element are determined in real time. These measurements are used to determine the call carrying capacity of the elements and the reaction of the network element to various call loads. Models of the network elements are generated from the operational measurements. Using an element's model, the network's reaction to various changes in a particular element can be determined without complex and expensive engineering work.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a tri-cellular grouping of three identical cells. Each cell of the tri-cellular group is driven by a directional antenna that radiates the cell from the center of the group. Multiple tri-cellular groups make up a cellular system having three axes at 0.degree., 120.degree., and 240.degree.. Each axis is comprised of seven total layers, one layer being a repeat of another of the layers. The 512 available system PN offsets are divided up into three groups of 24 offsets, one group for each axis. Each PN offset group is reused only in the direction to which it is assigned.

Abstract: The process of the present invention is based on a hexagonal cellular platform where six, or a multiple of six, frequency groups are directionalized and reused in the same direction. Directional antennas are located in the center of each cell. Each antenna radiates into a 60.degree. sector of the cell. The reused frequency groups are aligned along the 0.degree., 120.degree., and 240.degree. axes of each cell. Each axis has three layers, the two outer layers having an identical frequency reuse series. The frequency groups are reused in the same direction along each axis, reducing the number of dominant interfering cells to one.

Abstract: A control system for an etalon arrangement 4, in an optical transmission system involves applying a dither to a laser 1 upstream of the arrangement, monitoring the output of the arrangement, and using a control means 3 to lock the laser frequency to the etalon arrangement response, or vice versa. The control means operates on the basis of a ratio of derivatives of the monitored output with respect to wavelength, to enable locking to a point on the response curve, independent of power variations.

Abstract: The system is comprised of a microcellular underlay to increase the coverage of a macrocellular overlay system. The frequencies are assigned to the microcells by interleaved frequency segregation. Channels are selected from the macrocell frequency groups based on a minimum channel separation from the other channels in the microcell frequency group. The channels in the microcell frequency group that are greater than a minimum channel separation from the channels in the macrocell sector i overlay are assigned to the microcell sector i.

Abstract: The process of the present invention is based on a tri-cellular platform where nine, or a multiple of nine, frequency groups are directionalized and reused in the same direction. Directional antennas are located in the center of the tri-cell group. Each antenna radiates into a 120.degree. sector of each cell, effectively radiating the entire cell from the corner. The reused frequency groups are aligned along the 0.degree., 120.degree., and 240.degree. axes of each tri-cell group. The frequency groups are reused in the same direction along each axis, reducing the number of dominant interfering cells to one.

Abstract: While setting up a fixed wireless system, each subscriber radiotelephone is configured to a permanent home cell. Subscribers located at the border of a cell may be configured to multiple cells for better coverage. The signal levels at the border subscriber's position are received and the mean values of each determined. These mean values are listed in descending order. If the largest mean value is greater than a predetermined threshold, the subscriber is configured to only the home cell. If the largest mean value is within a predetermined range, the second largest mean value is evaluated to determine if it is within the predetermined range. If so, the subscriber is configured to both serving cells. If the second largest mean value is outside the predetermined range, the subscriber is configured to only the home cell.

Abstract: The N=4 frequency layout plan of the present invention is based on dividing up the available frequencies into 12 or a multiple of 12 frequency groups. These groups are then distributed evenly and alternately among four tri-cell groups. Each tri-cell group is comprised of three identical cells that are driven by a single source located in the center of the tri-cell group. In the preferred embodiment, the frequency distribution is a horizontal distribution of first the odd frequencies then the even frequencies so that there are no adjacent channels.

Abstract: An analog switch (100) isolates a microprocessor (120) from potentially damaging programming voltages input to a PROM (110). The microprocessor (120) controls the switch (100) to allow a lower, status voltage to be input to the microprocessor (120). When the PROM (110) is to be programmed, the microprocessor (120) opens the switch (100) to isolate the microprocessor (120) and allow the 12 VDC to only be coupled to the PROM (110).

Abstract: The process of the present invention computes the update to the least mean square channel estimator taps. The update coefficient for each tap is computed independently based on the power of each tap relative to the main tap power.

Abstract: The dual function switch of the present invention allows a radiotelephone user to enable or disable a feature of the radiotelephone while a call is being received and before it is answered. Before the call is received and after it is answered, the switch is a volume key. Otherwise, if the key is depressed twice (105), a feature or menu of features is displayed (109). When the call is answered, the displayed feature is activated (112).

Abstract: A distillable, non-azeotropic solvent mixture for electronic assembly cleaning in order to adequately remove solder flux and other residues traditionally removed using CFC-based azeotropes. The mixture is heated to at least the boiling point of component A but less than the boiling point of component B. Component A vaporizes (102), forming a vapor layer above the mixture (103). Condensing elements (101) near the top of the cleaning apparatus condense the vapor (102), returning it to the heated mixture (103) to be vaporized again. The assembly (104) to be cleaned is lowered through the vapor and then immersed in the mixture (103) before being positioned in the vapor (102).

Abstract: A link quality improvement system for a cellular communication system in which portable units are used to facilitate communication of information signals between system users, via at least one cell-site, using code division multiple access spread spectrum communication signals. The system enables users to improve the quality of reverse communication links from the portable units to the cell-site by providing to each system user a link quality signal indicative of power received at the cell-site relative to an optimum level of received power. At a cell-site communicating with a portable unit associated with a particular system user, the portable unit transmitted power is measured as received at the cell-site. A command signal is generated at the cell-site and transmitted to the portable unit for adjusting portable unit transmitter power. The command signals are also accumulated in order to enable generation of a link quality signal in response thereto.