Abstract: The present invention provides a time-frequency code spreading method in an OFDMA system. The method includes: converting a transmission message into one or more modulating signal vectors, and each bit of the transmission message is spread onto all vector elements of a modulating signal vector; mapping one or more modulating signal vectors to a set of time-frequency grids, wherein in an OFDMA time-frequency plane, two time-frequency grids to which any two vector elements in each modulating signal vector are mapped do not have the same frequency location or time location. In addition, the present invention also provides a time-frequency code spreading apparatus in an OFDMA system.

Abstract: In pneumatic non-load quick dual-speed hydraulic jack, the small of piston ring (17) of hydraulic pump cylinder integrates with pump body (19) and external ring of step pump core (14) to form movable assembly. The middle part of step pump core (14) is provided with pump core step interface (8) used for conversion of hydraulic speed. The step hole on the same axis of pneumatic valve block on special pneumatic valve structure is provided with washer (48), button (49), pneumatic valve core (45), compressed spring (68) and valve core fastness set. The pneumatic valve parts can replace the hydraulic quick pump structure partially when the high-pressure air source is available. High-pressure air delivered to the oil reservoir of the external sleeve (4) presses the hydraulic oil into the oil chamber of oil cylinder, and thus facilitates the quick lift of jack piston under light load or empty load.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a phase change memory device is provided. A first insulating layer having a plurality of metal word lines spaced apart at a constant distance is formed on a semiconductor substrate. A plurality of line structures having a barrier metal layer, a polysilicon layer and a hard mask layer are formed to be overlaid on the plurality of metal word lines. A second insulating layer is formed between the line structures. Cross patterns are formed by etching the hard mask layers and the polysilicon layers of the line structures using mask patterns crossed with the metal word lines. A third insulating layer is buried within spaces between the cross patterns. Self-aligned phase change contact holes are formed and at the same time, diode patterns formed of remnant polysilicon layers are formed by selectively removing the hard mask layers constituting the cross patterns.

Abstract: A method of scrubbing flue gases of two or more diesel engines and a scrubber for scrubbing flue gases of two or more diesel engines. The scrubber (1) comprises scrubbing means (3) for scrubbing the flue gases, and conduits (4) for conveying the flue gases to said scrubbing means (3) to be scrubbed in the same scrubbing process. The different flue gas flows are arranged to be conveyed in separate conduits (4) all the way to the scrubbing means (3).

Abstract: A clock receiver in a semiconductor integrated circuit includes a first clock buffer configured to buffer an external clock to generate a low frequency buffered clock in response to a first operation signal; a second clock buffer configured to buffer the external clock to generate a high frequency buffered clock in response to a second operation signal; and an internal clock generating unit configured to receive the low frequency buffered clock and the high frequency buffered clock, to control states of the first operation signal and the second operation signal and to generate an internal clock.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel processes of preparing racemic and optically active cyclopentenones of Formula I: The invention also provides novel cyclopentenones of formula I in racemic or optically active form.

Abstract: A two-factor authenticated key exchange method. A subscriber station transmits a value generated by using an identifier and an authentication server's public key to the authentication server through an access point. The authentication server uses the value to detect the subscriber's password, a key stored in a token, and the authentication server's secret key, generate a random number. The subscriber station uses the random number, password, and the key to transmit an encrypted value and the subscriber's authenticator to the authentication server. The authentication server establishes a second value generated by using the password, key, and random number to be a decrypted key to decrypt the encrypted value, authenticate the subscriber's authenticator, and transmits the authentication server's authenticator to the subscriber station. The subscriber station authenticates the authentication server's authenticator by using the key and password.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for efficiently and dynamically allocating a bandwidth on a Time Division Multiple Access-based Passive Optical Network (TDMA PON).

Abstract: There is provided a non-intrusive movement measuring apparatus and method using wearable electro-conductive fibers. A non-intrusive movement measuring apparatus using wearable electro-conductive fibers according to an aspect of the invention may include a signal measurement device measuring a plurality of movement signals using a plurality of electro-conductive fibers put on user's body parts and having resistances varying according to the volume of the user's body parts; a movement analysis device analyzing the plurality of movement signals to obtain a user's movement patterns and movement intensity; and a movement display device displaying a movement analysis result of the movement analysis device. Accordingly, user's movement can be measured without limiting the user's radius of action.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a color filter substrate, performed by: preparing a color mask including a cyan transparent layer, a fuchsine transparent layer and a yellow transparent layer; preparing a color sensitive material substrate including a red sensitive emulsion cyan layer, a green sensitive emulsion fuchsine layer and a blue sensitive emulsion yellow layer; exposing the color sensitive material substrate using the color mask; and performing processes of development, bleaching, fixation and stabilization on the color sensitive material substrate.

Abstract: A patterned magnetic recording medium for use in heat assisted magnetic recording comprises an electrically conductive heat sink layer and a plurality of discrete magnetic recording elements positioned adjacent to a first surface of the heat sink layer. Disc drives that include the patterned medium and a method of magnetic recording using the patterned media are also included.

Abstract: The present invention relates a novel crystalline 1-(Carbazol-4-yloxy-3-[[2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]-2-propanol phosphate sesquihydrate (Carvedilol dihydrogenphosphate sesquihydrate), methods of preparing the sesquihydrate by adding phosphoric acid to a suspension of Carvedilol in water, water miscible solvents or a mixture of water and water miscible organic solvent followed by isolating the product directly or by adding solvent.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermal transfer sheet which has a high transfer sensitivity in thermal transfer printing to obtain a high density print, has a high sharpness of thermal transfer images, can prevent an abnormal transfer in printing even after being stored at high temperature and high humidity, and can provide a sufficiently satisfactory printed matter.

Abstract: A method for automatically selecting and organizing a subset of photos from a set of photos provided by a user, who has an account on at least one social network providing some context, for creating a summarized photo album with a storytelling structure. The method comprises: arranging the set of photos into a three level hierarchy, acts, scenes and shots; checking whether photos are photos with people or not; obtaining an aesthetic measure of the photos; creating and ranking face clusters; selecting the most aesthetic photo of each face cluster; selecting photos with people until complete a predefined number of photos of the summarized album picking the ones which optimize the function: Of(C,C*,S,CSN)=?fAf(S)??fd(HCharacter(S)HCharacter(C?CSN)??fd(HAct(S),HAct(C*)); and then selecting non-people photos which minimize the following function Oa: Oa(C*,S)=d(HAct,(S),HAct(C*)); ordering all the selected photos in chronological order; and finally discarding all the photos which have not been selected.

Abstract: A refresh control circuit receives an interrupt signal, which is a request to refresh DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) and which is asserted at predetermined timings. The refresh control circuit counts the number of times the interrupt signal is asserted, and asserts an interrupt subroutine start signal, which is an instruction to refresh the DRAM, in an idle state in which the DRAM is accessible from an external circuit, for a number of times that is equal to the number of times thus counted. When the interrupt subroutine start signal is asserted, a refresh circuit executes a predetermined interrupt subroutine, and supplies a refresh pattern to the DRAM.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adjustable stomach band with a rigid back and a chamber, arranged on the stoma side of the back, for control of stoma constriction by means of introduction or removal of fluid from the chamber. According to the invention, such a stomach band with a preferably automatic setting of the stoma constriction, depending on the food intake, is possible, whereby a second chamber is provided to the stoma side of the back, directly connected to, or cooperating with the first chamber, such that the control of the stoma constriction is achieved by means of displacing the fluid between the chambers or between a reservoir and the stoma-constricting chamber. An auto-regulation can be achieved, whereby a second chamber is embodied as sensor for recording a pressure rise in the stomach and the control of the stoma constriction is achieved depending on the recorded pressure by means of displacement of the fluid from the chamber, or from the reservoir into the stoma-constricting chamber.