Abstract: An integrated optical imaging system includes a first substrate having first and second opposing surfaces, a second substrate having third and fourth opposing surfaces, a spacer between a substantially planar portion of the third surface of the second substrate and a substantially planar portion of the second surface of the first substrate, at least two of the spacer, the first substrate and the second substrate sealing an interior space between the third surface of the second substrate and the second surface of the first substrate, and an optical imaging system having n surfaces, where n is greater than or equal to two, at least two of the n surfaces of the optical imaging system are on respective ones of the first, second, third and fourth surfaces.

Abstract: A method of k*k subsampling, where k is an integer greater than one, a full frame readout on a plurality of pixels arranged in rows and columns, each pixel belonging to one of at least two sets, a first set configured to sense a first value of an image parameter and a second set configured to sense a second value of the image parameter, the method including sampling signals of k pixels of at least one set in a first row to output subsampled signals, converting the subsampled signals into digital signals having a lower resolution than the full frame readout, repeating sampling and converting for k rows, and adding digital signals for the first to kth rows within the at least one set.

Abstract: An electrode for a fuel cell including a support and a catalyst layer formed on the support, wherein the catalyst layer comprises a supported catalyst and a polyurethane-based compound, wherein all or some of the polyurethane-based compound is synthesized from a polyol monomer where some or all of the polyol monomer is a polyol monomer that contains a phosphonyl group; a method of preparing the same; and a fuel cell including the same. The electrode for a fuel cell has excellent ion conductivity because it maintains stability at high temperature operation, and is capable of retaining phosphoric acid effectively even at high temperatures. A fuel cell can be prepared by using the electrode where the fuel cell can operate under these conditions of high temperature above 100° C. and no humidity and shows improved performance for generating electricity.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte solution includes a lithium salt; an organic solvent including a high permittivity solvent and a low boiling solvent; and a vinyl-based compound represented by Formula 1 below, wherein m and n are each independently integers of 1 to 10; X1, X2, and X3 each independently represent O, S, or NR9; and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are represented in the detailed description. The organic electrolyte solution of the present invention and a lithium battery using the same suppress degradation of an electrolyte, providing improved cycle properties and life span thereof.

Abstract: A pixel including an organic light emitting diode, a second transistor controlling a current supplied to the organic light emitting diode, a pixel circuit configured to compensate a threshold voltage of the second transistor; and a compensating unit controlling a voltage of a gate electrode of the second transistor in order to compensate for deterioration of the organic light emitting diode. The compensating unit includes seventh and eighth transistors coupled in series between the organic light emitting diode and a first power source, the seventh and eight transistors being commonly connected to a fourth node therebetween, first and second feedback capacitors coupled in series between the fourth node and a second node, the second node being coupled to the gate electrode of the second transistor, and a ninth transistor coupled between a predetermined voltage source and a fifth node that is common to the first and second feedback capacitors.

Abstract: A metallic separator for a fuel cell including 2.2 to 6.0 parts by weight of tungsten based on 100 parts by weight of stainless steel containing molybdenum, and the weight ratio of molybdenum to tungsten (Mo/W) is 0.15 to 1.60. The separator for fuel cells has excellent anti-corrosive properties and contact resistance as low as that of a metal material, and thus, a fuel cell having high efficiency can be manufactured at a reasonable cost using the separator.

Abstract: Crosslinked polybenzoxazines obtained by crosslinking a monofunctional first benzoxazine monomer and a multifunctional second benzoxazine monomer with a crosslinkable compound, an electrolyte membrane including the same, a method of preparing the electrolyte membrane, a fuel cell including the electrolyte membrane having the crosslinked polybenzoxazines using the method. The crosslinked polybenzoxazines have strong acid trapping capability, improved mechanical properties, and excellent chemical stability as it does not melt in polyphosphoric acid. Even as the amount of impregnated proton carrier and the temperature are increased, mechanical and chemical stability is highly maintained, and thus the electrolyte membrane can be effectively used for fuel cells at a high temperature.

Abstract: The phosphor composition including a first phosphor represented by Formula 1: Y3?x?kCekM?xAla?yM?yO(1.5a+4.5)??(1). In Formula 1, M? includes at least one of Sc, In, and La, M? includes at least one of Ga, Sc, and In, and x, y, k, and a satisfy the relations: 0.0?x<3.0, 0.0<y?7.0, 0.0<k<0.1, 4.0?a?7.0, a?y?0.0, and x+k?3.0.

Abstract: A flat panel display module includes a display panel, a chassis configured to support the display panel and having a chassis base and a first extending portion, the first extending portion being parallel to the display panel and extending away from the chassis base, the first extending portion including a seating portion having a predetermined depth, and a circuit board configured to drive the display panel, at least one part of the circuit board being mounted on the seating portion of the first extending portion.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display includes a scan driver configured to sequentially supply a scan signal to scan lines and sequentially supply a light emitting control signal to light emitting control lines, a data driver configured to supply a data signal to data lines, and pixels arranged coupled to the scan lines, the data lines and the light emitting control lines. Each of the pixels includes an organic light emitting diode, a second transistor, a storage capacitor coupled between an i?1th light emitting control line and a gate electrode of the second transistor, a first transistor coupled between an ith scan line, a data line and a first electrode of the second transistor, and a third transistor coupled between the gate electrode and a second electrode of the second transistor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a relatively high-efficiency solar cell and a method for fabricating the same using a micro-heater array. The solar cell may include first and second micro-heaters intersecting each other or being parallel to each other on a substrate, and a plurality of InxGa1-xN p-n junction layers formed using the first and second micro-heaters. The solar cell has improved efficiency because sunlight with various wavelengths may be effectively absorbed by the plurality of InxGa1-xN p-n junction layers. Furthermore, relatively large-sized solar cells may be fabricated, because the plurality of InxGa1-xN p-n junction layers may be formed on a glass substrate using a micro-heater array.

Abstract: A power source for applying a voltage to a pixel circuit, the power source including a sensing unit and a controlling unit. The sensing unit senses a current flowing through a power line coupled to the pixel circuit, the controlling unit increases a voltage applied to the power line by a first amount when the sensed current is lower than a reference, and the controlling unit decreases the voltage applied to the power line by a second amount when the sensed current is higher than the reference, the second amount being different from the first amount.

Abstract: A programming method for a non-volatile memory system includes storing multi-page program data and buffering the multi-page program data from a page buffer to a memory block and programming the multi-page program data through a predetermined number of program operations. The programming the multi-page program data includes programming memory cells of the memory block using a first threshold voltage lower than a desired threshold voltage based on the multi-page program data sequentially buffered by the page buffer in units of pages and programming the memory cells using the desired threshold voltage by increasing a threshold voltage of the memory cells by a predetermined level at each successive program operation.

Abstract: Provided are a complementary nonvolatile memory device, methods of operating and manufacturing the same, a logic device and semiconductor device having the same, and a reading circuit for the same. The complementary nonvolatile memory device includes a first nonvolatile memory and a second nonvolatile memory which are sequentially stacked and have a complementary relationship. The first and second nonvolatile memories are arranged so that upper surfaces thereof are contiguous.

Abstract: A digital driving system for a display includes a scan driver adapted to supply scan signals serially to scan lines of the display, a data driver adapted to supply a first data signal and a second data signal to data lines of the display, a timing controller adapted to control the scan driver and the data driver in accordance with a main clock, and to supply external data to the data driver, and a vertical synchronizing signal synchronizing circuit adapted to synchronize an internal vertical synchronizing signal and an external vertical synchronizing signal.

Abstract: A structure of a cathode electrode for a fuel cell includes a catalyst layer formed by mixing a carbon material with a catalyst material and a hydrophilic ion conductive material. The hydrophilic ion conductive material is embedded on the catalyst layer and contacts an electrolyte membrane and a diffusion layer to provide a migration path for water and hydrogen ions.

Abstract: A capacitorless one transistor (1T) semiconductor device whose data storage abilities are increased and leakage current is reduced is provided. The capacitor-less 1T semiconductor device includes a buried insulating layer formed on a substrate, an active region formed on the buried insulating layer and including a source region, a drain region and a floating body formed between the source region and the drain region, and a gate pattern formed on the floating body, wherein the floating body includes a main floating body having the same top surface height as one of the source region and the drain region, and a first upper floating body formed between the main floating body and the gate pattern.

Abstract: An artificial stone, including a solid material and surface-treated stone elements in the solid material, wherein the surface-treated stone elements are transparent stone elements having a coloring material disposed on surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A flash memory device includes a bulk region, first through nth memory cell transistors arranged in a row on the bulk region, first through nth word lines respectively connected to gates of the first through nth memory cell transistors, a first dummy cell transistor connected to the first memory cell transistor, a first dummy word line connected to a gate of the first dummy cell transistor, a first selection transistor connected to the first dummy cell transistor, a first selection line connected to a gate of the first selection transistor, and a voltage control unit connected to the first selection line, the voltage control unit being adapted to output to the first selection line a voltage lower than a voltage applied to the bulk region, in an erasing mode for erasing the first through nth memory cell transistors.

Abstract: A chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) method of polishing a phase-change material and a method of fabricating a phase-change memory, the CMP method including forming the phase-change material on an activation surface of a semiconductor wafer, and performing a CMP process on the phase-change material using a polishing pad, wherein the performing the CMP process includes reducing a change in the composition of the phase-change material by adjusting, within a predetermined range, a temperature of a region where the semiconductor wafer and the polishing pad contact each other.