Abstract: Commercially available diode lasers are operated immersed in liquid nitrogen (LN2, 77 K), in another cryo-fluid, or are cryo-cooled (77 K-250 K) by conduction in all high-power (>0.1 W) applications. The result is higher output power per diode chip area, higher conversion efficiency, lower cost per watt of laser power, longer lifetime, higher reliability, smaller thermal gradients inside the laser chip and therefore better thermal management due to the higher thermal conductivity of the semiconductor and substrate material. The cryo-diode lasers are driven by cryogenically cooled and integrated power electronics ciruitry using Cryo-MOSFETs or Cryo-CMOS ICs. Applications of the Cryo-Diode Laser/Cryo-Driver assembly include generation of hyperpolarized He-3 or Xe-129 gases for inert gas magnetic resonance imaging of the airways in human beings, metal and materials working and processing with laser tools, “pumping” solid-state lasers and many others.

Abstract: Energy distribution and conversion system suitable for high-rise structures, large building complexes, factories, ships, airplanes, city blocks, etc., based on: High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) and Cryogenic Power and Energy Conversion (CPEC) using Low-Temperature Operated Semiconductor Devices (LOTOS). Energy from an AC source is converted to DC by LOTOS, distributed as DC, and reconverted at low temperatures to AC at levels and fequencies to satisfy individual end-users of energy. The DC energy is distributed via a plurality of super-conductive leads that are submerged in cryogenic liquid. Substantial savings in energy, cost, size, weight are produced. Additionally, load shedding, power quality, and fire protection are provided. The new system supports air conditioning/cooling systems. Expensive floor space is saved; electrical energy savings of 5-10% are achieved.

Abstract: A protective covering for a lesion comprises a frame for adhering to the skin of a patient and for surrounding a lesion. The frame has a central opening and a generally L-shaped cross section including a wall, and a base that surrounds the lesion and attaches to the patient's skin with an adhesive. One end of the wall extends perpendicularly from the base, extending around the central opening. The free end of the wall includes a peripheral recess wherein a rim of a cover is received. The cover aligns with the opening and the rim extends fully around the cover so that when the frame base is attached to the patient's skin surrounding a lesion, and the rim of the cover is sealingly received in the recess of the wall, a sealed space is provided enclosing the lesion to protect it from the water. The cover may be put on and taken off the frame many times while the adhesive connection between the frame and skin remains intact.

Abstract: In a marking system for stamping materials such as aluminum strip, a pulse of determined energy is supplied to a solenoid, to impart a determined kinetic energy to a die. The die is guided to dissipate substantially all of this kinetic energy in the deformation of the material being stamped. The pulse of energy applied to the solenoid may be controlled by a programmable computer, programmed to control the duration of time that a current is applied to the solenoid. The computer may control a plurality of such solenoids, controlling the times and relative numbers of operation of each of the solenoids.

Abstract: A container comprised of a top member having an opening for filling and pouring in the conventional manner and a bottom member integrally connected together by a flexible compressible or collapsible mid-section. Means are also provided for externally connecting between the top and bottom member of the container, which external means operate to alter and maintain the internal volume of the container. Progressive adjustments in internal volume are possible.