Abstract: A polymerizabie composition, comprising
a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer or oligomer, and
b) an initiator compound of formula (I)
wherein n is O or 1. The compounds of formula (I) are prepared from a free radical
and a compound of formula R10NO or
Further aspects of the present invention are a process for polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers, novel initiator compounds and their use for polymerization, intermediate compounds and also the polymer or copolymer produced by this process.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 13, 1998
Date of Patent:
July 17, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Peter Nesvadba, Andreas Kramer, Alfred Steinmann, Werner Stauffer
Abstract: Benzotriazole UV absorbers which are substituted at the 5-position of the benzo ring by an electron withdrawing group exhibit enhanced durability and very low loss rates when incorporated into automotive coatings. This is particularly the case when the 3-position of the phenyl ring is also substituted by phenyl or phenylalkyl such as &agr;-cumyl. Compounds where the 5-position of the benzo ring are substituted by perfluoroalkyl such as trifluoromethyl are particularly of interest for both their enhanced durability and for their excellent solubility and excellent color properties in some thermoplastic compositions when the phenyl ring is substituted at the 3-position by hydrogen or tert-alkyl.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 12, 2000
Date of Patent:
July 17, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Ramanathan Ravichandran, Joseph Suhadolnik, Mervin G. Wood, Anthony Debellis, Robert E. Detlefsen, Revathi Iyengar, Jean-Pierre Wolf
Abstract: Biphenyl-substituted triazines of the formulae
which are notable for high thermal stability, are used as stabilizers for organic polymers to counter damage thereto caused by light, oxygen and heat, as light stabilizers for textile fiber materials and as sunscreens for the human skin.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 25, 1999
Date of Patent:
July 3, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Ian John Fletcher, Jürgen Kaschig, Georges Metzger, Dieter Reinehr, Pascal Hayoz
Abstract: Pulps or papers, especially chemimechanical or thermomechanical pulps or papers, which still contain lignin, have enhanced resistance to yellowing when they contain an effective stabilizing amount of a hindered amine compound which preferably is a nitroxide, a hydroxylamine or an ammonium salt thereof. This performance is often further enhanced by the presence of one or more coadditives selected from the group consisting of the UV absorbers, the polymeric inhibitors, the nitrones, the fluorescent whitening agents, metal chelating agents, sulfur containing stabilizers, metal salts and diene compounds. Combinations of nitroxides, hydroxylamines or their salts, benzotriazole or benzophenone UV absorbers and a metal chelating agent are particularly effective. Selected derivatives of 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol and selected hydroxylamine salts are novel compounds and are surprisingly effective for this purpose.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 20, 1998
Date of Patent:
July 3, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Raymond R. Seltzer, Jean-Pierre Wolf, Cyril Heitner, John A. Schmidt, Peter F. McGarry, Glen T. Cunkle, Randall B. Nelson
Abstract: Single-material recycled thermoplastics from commercial and industrial waste can be stabilized against thermal oxidative degradation by adding a combination of a sterically hindered phenol with an organic phosphite or phosphonite and an inorganic compound from the series consisting of metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 21, 1995
Date of Patent:
June 26, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.
Inventors:
Kurt Hoffmann, Heinz Herbst, Rudolf Pfaendner, Franciszek Sitek
Abstract: Photoinitiator combinations comprising
at least one compound of formula (I)
R1 is C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or halogen; R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or halogen;
R3 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl-C1-C4alkyl, naphthyl or biphenylyl or an O—, S— or N-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; and at least one compound of formula (II)
R1 and R2 are as defined above; R9 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl-C1-C4alkyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl or an O—, S— or N-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; and R10 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, C2-C20alkyl interrupted by one or more O atoms, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl-C1-C4alkyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl or an O—, S— or N-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; are reactive photo hardeners causing only a low degree of yellowing in the cured substrates.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 1, 1999
Date of Patent:
June 26, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Manfred Köhler, Jean-Pierre Wolf, André Litzler, Guido Tolotti, Nils Hoeck
Abstract: A description is given of a process for the transesterification of carboxylic esters, characterized in that the catalyst used is a tin(IV) compound comprising a radical of the formula
bound to an inorganic support, where L is an at least divalent radical and at least one of the free valences of the Si in formula (I) is bound to the inorganic support, novel tin(IV) compounds and their preparation.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 9, 1999
Date of Patent:
June 19, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Benoît Pugin, Benoît Dubuis, Adrian Müller
Abstract: Asymmetrical bis benzotriazoles of the formula I
where G2′ is perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably CF3, and where G2 does not contain said group are red-shifted and due to the asymmetry are particularly soluble and useful in a host of applications including automotive coatings, thermoplastics and especially in adhesive compositions, themselves useful in solar panels and other laminate structures.
Abstract: A method of producing a curable prepreg which comprises (i) sandwiching a multi-ply fabric layer comprising at least two superposed sheets of woven reinforcing fabric between solid films of a curable resin composition and (ii) heating the resulting sandwich under pressure so that the resin composition impregnates the sheets of woven reinforcing fabric to form a coherent curable structure.
Abstract: A curing process for cationically polymerisable monomers, which comprises applying a composition comprising: (a) at least one cationically polymerisable monomer, (b) as photoinitiator at least one iodonium salt containing an SbF6, PF6 or BF4 anion, (c) one pigment, and (d) at least one sensitiser, to a substrate, irradiating it with light having a wavelength of 200-600 nm and then heat-postcuring it, is distinguished by little yellowing of the cured formulation.
Abstract: Composition of (a) dicyclopentadiene, by itself or in a mixture with a strained cycloolefin, and (b) a catalytic amount of at least one carbene-free, divalent-cationic ruthenium or osmium compound as a single-component catalyst, which contains at least one phosphine group and a total of 2 to 5 ligands bonded to the metal atom, and which contains acid anions for charge balancing. The compositions can be polymerized by means of heat (metathesis polymerization) and are suitable for the production of shaped articles and coatings.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 19, 1997
Date of Patent:
May 22, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Andreas Hafner, Paul Adriaan Van Der Schaaf, Andreas Mühlebach
Abstract: Polyolefin wire insulation in hydrocarbon grease filled telecommunications cable which is subsequently exposed in an outdoor interconnection box is especially vulnerable to the adverse conditions of heat, oxygen and moisture. The combination of one or more primary phenolic antioxidants selected from N,N′-hexane-1,6-diylbis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionamide)), tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate and tris(2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyloxy)ethyl)isocyanurate together with one or more alkylhydroxyphenylalkanoyl hydrazine metal deactivators is very effective towards providing oxidative stability for polyolefin wire insulation under these conditions.
Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising a) a styrene, &agr;-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene homo- or copolymer; b) a bromine-containing flame retardant; c) a UV absorber; d) a sterically hindered amine and e) an epoxidized fatty acid. This invention also relates to the use of the light stabilizer mixture consisting of the components c), d) and e) for light-stabilizing a styrene, &agr;-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene homo- or copolymer finished with a bromine-containing flame retardant as well as to a process for the light-stabilization thereof. Adding an epoxidized fatty acid to a UV absorber and a sterically hindered amine in styrene, &agr;-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene homo- or copolymer finished with bromine-containing flame retardants results in an unexpected synergistic effect in the light stability. In particular, it is possible to markedly reduce the discoloration of the finished polymer which takes place in the course of irradiation.
Abstract: A description is given of an extrusion process for the preparation of a low-dust stabilizer, using a subcooled melt as granulation liquid, as well as of novel amorphous modifications of different stabilizers, including 2,2′-methylenebis(4-[1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl]-6-benzotriazol-2-yl-phenol), and of the &bgr;-crystalline modification of 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole and of the preparation thereof. The novel process affords products which are easy to handle and which are flowable, and the novel modifications have advantages as regards their preparation, processing and their use as stabilizer.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
April 13, 1998
Date of Patent:
May 1, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Daniel Thibaut, André Schmitter, Benjamin Breitenstein, Christoph Kleiner, Matthias von Frieling, Martin von Büren, André Geoffroy
Abstract: Adhesive compositions are rendered stable against degradation caused by ultraviolet light through the incorporation of a highly soluble, high extinction, photostable hydroxyphenyl-s-triazine UV absorber or mixtures of s-triazine UV absorbers. An example of such compounds is 2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-nonyloxy*-2-hydroxypropyloxy)-5-&agr;-cumylphenyl]-s-triazine (* denotes a mixture of octyloxy, nonyloxy and decyloxy groups). Such compounds exhibit high extinction, excellent photostability and are highly soluble in adhesive formulations. The laminated articles derived from these compositions include, for example, solar control films, films and glazings, UV absorbing glasses and glass coatings, windscreens, retroreflective sheetings and signs, solar reflectors, optical films and the like.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
April 17, 2000
Date of Patent:
May 1, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Walter Renz, Mervin Wood, Joseph Suhadonlik, Ramanathan Ravichandran, Revathi Iyengar, Pascal Hayoz
Abstract: Candle wax containing a combination of a UV absorber, preferably a benzotriazole, in combination with a hindered amine which is substituted on the N-atom by an alkoxy, a cycloalkoxy or an hydroxy-substituted alkoxy moiety is surprising better stabilized than candle wax which contains a combination of a UV absorber and a conventional hindered amine where the N-atom is substituted by hydrogen or alkyl.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 1, 2000
Date of Patent:
April 24, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
James Lee Hyun, Walid Al-Akhdar, Kevin Trainor, Ramanathan Ravichandran, Mervin Wood, Andrea Smith
Abstract: 1,2-Bis-adducts of stable hindered nitroxide compounds with substituted ethylenes are prepared by reacting two equivalents of nitroxyl compound with an ethylenically unsaturated compound such as styrene or an acrylate ester. These adducts are very effective inhibitors to prevent the premature polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers when such monomers are distilled, processed or stored.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
October 7, 1998
Date of Patent:
April 17, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemcials Corporation
Inventors:
Glen Thomas Cunkle, Thomas F. Thompson, Volker H. von Ahn, Roland A. E. Winter
Abstract: Compounds of the formula I or I′
in which R1 and R2 independently of one another, for example, are an aromatic hydrocarbon, with the proviso that the aromatic hydrocarbon radical is substituted in at least one o-position, or R1 and R2, for example, independently of one another are C1-C20alkyl, which is substituted by R9R10R11Si; R2a is, for example, a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical; R3 is C1-C20alkyl which is substituted by R9R10R11Si or is an aromatic hydrocarbon; R4 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, C3-C12cycloalkyl or phenyl-C1-C6alkyl; E is R14R15R16P or R8R8aR7N; R7, R8 and R8a and R9, R10 and R11 independently of one another are, for example, C1-C12alkyl; R14, R15 and R16 independently of one another are substituted phenyl and G is a radical which is able to form positive ions, with the proviso that, if R1, R2 and R3 are 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, R4 is not C2-C20alkyl or C2-C8alkenyl, are suitable for use as particularly reactive photoinitiators.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 19, 1999
Date of Patent:
April 3, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Allan Francis Cunningham, Martin Kunz, Hisatoshi Kura
Abstract: An environmentally friendly process for the preparation of the 4-functionalized N—OR derivatives of 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidines involves the hydrogen peroxide of the corresponding N—H compound to form the corresponding N-oxyl derivative, reacting two equivalents of the N-oxyl compound with one equivalent of a compound having an allylic hydrogen, a benzylic hydrogen or an activated methine hydrogen to form one equivalent of the corresponding N—OH compound and one equivalent of the corresponding N—OR compound, and recycling the N—OH compound back to the corresponding N-oxyl compound using hydrogen peroxide or air.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 20, 1999
Date of Patent:
April 3, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Joseph E. Babiarz, Stephen D. Pastor, Glen T. Cunkle
Abstract: A catalyst system for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization, which consists of at least two components (a) and (b), wherein
(a) is a ruthenium compound of formula I or II
RuX2(L1)m(L2)n(L3)o(L4)p (I),
ARuX2(L1)r(L2)s (II),
wherein L1, L2, L3 and L4 are each independently of the other C1-C18alkylcyanide, C8-C24-aralkylcyanide, tertiary amine, tertiary phosphine which does not contain any secondary alkyl or cycloalkyl radicals bound to the phosphorus atom, or phosphite, X is halogen, A is arene, m, n, o and p are integers from 0 to 4, where 2≦m+n+o+p≦4, r and s are integers from 0 to 2, where 1≦r+s≦2, and
(b) is a tertiary phosphine containing at least one secondary alkyl radical or cycloalkyl radical bound to the phosphorus atom,
is particularly suitable for the polymerization of strained cycloolefins by the RIM process.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 18, 1999
Date of Patent:
March 20, 2001
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Inventors:
Andreas Hafner, Paul Adriaan Van Der Schaaf, Andreas Mühlebach