Abstract: Apparatus to reduce or eliminate fluid bed erosion in fluidized bed combustion boilers by increasing the fire-side tube temperature by adding appropriately dimensioned longitudinal or circumferential fins to the inbed heat exchange tubes in the reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for withdrawing a stream of relatively static bed material from an operating fluidized bed reactor and gravity feeding it through a conduit to an exterior classifying chamber into which a downward flow of air is introduced. The airflow is turned in the classifier to move in an upward direction countercurrent to the flow of bed material. The velocity of the air is such that coarse bed material passes downwardly through the airflow and accumulates in the classifying chamber, while the fines are entrained in the upwardly moving airflow and both air and fines are introduced into the fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for the integrated, continuous, high speed manufacture of metallic strip, especially brass, from a melt. The apparatus comprises a chilled casting mold in liquid communication with a melt, means for drawing a rod through the mold at a constant rate and means for oscillating the mold in a pattern of forward and reverse strokes with respect to the direction of travel of the rod. Conversion of the rod to strip comprises flattening in a hot rolling mill, and quenching. In accordance with known procedures, the produced strip can be further reduced in cross section in one or more cold rolling mill or other hot rolling mills if desired.

Abstract: An extended life capacitor is disclosed in which an enclosing body is made from a tantalum can and tantalum cap and enclosing a plurality of double layer capacitor cells. Each of the capacitor cells includes a conductive material, such as activated carbon, with an aqueous electrolyte therein such as dilute sulfuric acid. In the preferred embodiment, this is about 38% by weight of sulfuric acid, and the remainder water. Lead-ins are provided to make electronic connection to the two ends of the capacitor cell stack as anode and cathode electrodes. The entire unit is hermetically sealed to inhibit the loss of electrolyte from the capacitor body to less than 2% per year, and the electrodes are at least partly coated with a noble metal such as gold to limit the establishment of a spurious capacitor which would be in series with the stack of plurality cells, which would otherwise greatly decrease the capacity of the entire unit.

Abstract: Double layer capacitors incorporate electrolytes having relatively high pH whereby reduced leakage current is attained as well as greatly extended back-up times.

Abstract: A flow sensor to detect changes in the mass flow per unit time of pneumatically conveyed particles within a system. The flow sensor or detector includes a conduit segment formed of a hard material so that a wall of the segment will vibrate due to the impacting of the particles thereagainst as they flow through the conduit segment. There is associated with the segment a vibration excitable piezoelectric transducer which has a resonant frequency and which at the resonant frequency generates an electrical signal or high voltage as compared to that generated by the transducer at all other frequencies, above and below the resonant frequency. Any deviation in the high generated voltage is utilized to detect a change in the kinetic energy of the particles flowing through the conduit segment.

Abstract: In double layer capacitors having carbon electrodes, the electrodes contain at least 1%, by weight, of an inert particulate material to reduce the leakage current of the capacitor. The inert particulate material is selected from the group comprising SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiC and aluminum silicates.

Abstract: A method for making electrodes for use in double layer capacitors comprising adding to a carbon powder-electrolyte mix an excess of liquid to render the mix pumpable, moderately overfilling an electrode cavity with the mix and removing the excess liquid in an equilibration step so that the remaining mix substantially fills the electrode cavity.

Abstract: An electrically augmented crossflow filter device in which a feed stream containing solid particulate matter is flowed between opposed walls while a pressure differential is imposed across a first of said walls comprising a filter medium to produce a flow of filtrate therethrough in a direction perpendicular to the direction of flow of the feed stream. At the same time, an electric field is imposed on the feed stream in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the feed stream, causing the solid particulate matter in the feed stream to tend to move toward the second of said walls which comprises an ion-pervious member. Cake formation on the latter ion-pervious wall is limited or precluded by the velocity of the feed stream while the feed stream thickens in passing between the walls to form the product stream. The electrode which is located behind the second, or ion-pervious, wall is immersed during operation in a protective stream of a selected electrolyte.

Abstract: New porous semiconductor dopant carriers are disclosed together with a method for the diffusion doping of semiconductors by the vapor phase transport of an n or p type dopants, such as phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, boron, gallium, aluminum, zinc, silicon, tellurium, tin and cadmium to the semiconductor host substrate; wherein the dopant source comprises a dopant containing porous, inert, rigid dimensionally stable and thermal shock resistant reaction sintered Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 carrier material.

Abstract: This relates to a portable abrasive throwing wheel device or abrasive blasting device which is utilized for blasting castings and the like to effect the cleaning thereof. The portable device is of such a construction whereby its total weight is on the order of 100 pounds and is so suspended wherein it has very little thrust reaction on an operator so that it may be readily manipulated. Further, the principal thrust of the device is carried by the suspension for the device and otherwise is directed towards the operator so that it may be readily counteracted. The portable device includes a fixed motor and a fixed abrasive supply with a throwing wheel carried by the motor and only a housing portion being movable. The housing is rotatable about the axis of the motor and serves to permit the discharge opening of the device to be tilted to the desired angle for directing the abrasive blast where desired. Several abrasive supply systems are provided as are several mountings for the portable device.

Abstract: A method for treating the fine-grained spend absorbent (primarily calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate) from a dry flue gas desulfurization process. The absorbent, having a small amount of binder therein, is oxidized in a fluidized bed reactor at a temperature in the range from about 700.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. to produce a dry essentially fully oxidized pelletized calcium sulfate product.Calcium sulfate pellets having an average diameter of from about 0.5 mm to 5 mm and containing from about 1% to about 3%, by weight, of binder constituents, are composed of agglomerated calcium sulfate particles having an average diameter of from about 50.mu. to about 100.mu. bound to each other by the binder constituents.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved electrical double layer energy storage cell comprising a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is a carbon paste electrode, a porous ionically conductive separator and an ion insulated connector, the improvement wherein said carbon paste electrode comprises carbon exhibiting a pore volume of less than about 0.45 cc/gm and a median pore radius of less than about 150 Angstroms.

Abstract: New porous semiconductor dopant carriers are disclosed together with a method for the diffusion doping of semiconductors by the vapor phase transport of an n or p type dopant, such as phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, boron, gallium, aluminum, zinc, silicon, tellurium, tin and cadmium to the semiconductor host substrate; wherein the dopant source comprises a dopant containing porous, inert, rigid dimensionally stable and thermal shock resistant carrier comprised of SiC, elemental silicon or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A strong, relatively inert filter cloth is impregnated with an ion exchange resin to provide, for an electrofiltration process, a reinforced solid polymeric electrolyte having ion transport properties and at the same time constituting a positive barrier to mass transport.

Abstract: A cyclone for use at elevated temperature and pressure has a refractory lining and a metallic vortex finder supported by a thermal sleeve.

Abstract: A treatment system for liquids includes apparatus for dissolving gas in the liquid and a container for providing the necessary reaction time between the gas and the liquid or constituents thereof. The device for dissolving the gas in the liquid includes gas injection means for introducing gas into the liquid and a contact chamber for containing a downflowing stream of the liquid to be treated. The pressure within the downflowing stream increases as it descends and at the elevated pressure the capacity of the liquid to take gas into solution is greatly increased. This apparatus for dissolving gas may conveniently be located below ground level. A conduit return means is provided for routing undissolved gas from a region at high pressure to an upstream portion of the liquid stream so that the gas can be reintroduced for dissolution.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp comprises a source of near ultraviolet radiation together with an outer shell at least partially surrounding the ultraviolet source and comprising an ultraviolet transmissive material, the shell having embedded or dissolved therein a phosphor material having an indexed refraction approximately, but not quite equal, to the index of refraction of the shell.

Abstract: An electrical resistor is described which is comprised of a resistor core having at least one electrically conductive end cap mounted thereon. The end cap is in electrical contact with the butt end portion of the core and electrically insulated from the side, or periphery, portion of the core member. The end cap has an outward-extending radial portion thereon, positioned contiguous to the junction between the core and the cap.The present electrical resistors are produced by forming a resistive core member of a conductor in a dielectric matrix material and an end cap, having an internal contact surface and a receiving portion. The receiving portion is larger than the outside diameter of the core. The end cap has an outward-extending radial position adjacent the receiving portion. The end cap is mounted on the core to place the butt end portion of the core in electrical contact with the internal contact surface of the end cap, but otherwise spacedly within the end cap.

Abstract: A fused abrasive grain, useful for inclusion in coated abrasives and bonded abrasives, consists essentially of alumina; titanium oxide containing from about 0.42 to about 0.84% titaniun, by weight of the abrasive grain, present as a reduced titanium oxide having an average oxidation state lower than in Ti.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; from about 0.05 to about 0.3% by weight carbon; from about 0.02 to about 0.1% by weight Na.sub.2 O; and from 0 to about 0.1% by weight total of calcium and silicon oxides. The grain before roasting has a gain on ignition of from about 0.4 to about 0.7% by weight, and is produced in an electric furnace by fusing high-purity titania, alumina containing Na.sub.2 O as the only significant oxide impurity, and carbon, followed by crushing and roasting the fused grain.