Abstract: The reliability of an antifuse can be increased and/or the thickness of the antifuse dielectric can be decreased by the use of a rapid thermal nitridation nitride layer as part of the antifuse dielectric. The RTN nitride layer is denser and has fewer pinholes than nitride layers formed by chemical vapor deposition. The rapid thermal nitridation also produces a good contact with a bottom electrode containing silicon as well as providing a nucleation layer for any additional nitride layer formed by chemical vapor deposition. Increasing the reliability of the antifuse dielectric allows it to be thinner, and thus allows for the programming of the dielectric layer at lower programming voltages.

Abstract: A paper supplying apparatus has a rotatable member around a horizontal axis, a pair of clamp plates supported by this rotatable member mutually parallel and in face-to-face relationship for clamping a book block in between, and guide plates each attached to an associated one of these clamp plates, extending downward from the clamp plates to a lower edge part of the book block when the book block is held vertically. Such a paper supplying apparatus can be removably connected to a book binding machine by attaching a guide rail to an outer wall of the book binding machine and a runner to the paper supplying apparatus. The runner is slidably engageable with the guide rail, allowing the paper supplying apparatus to move along the guide rail selectably towards or away from the book binding machine.

Abstract: A thermistor chip is made by first forming first metal layers with a three-layer structure at both end parts of a thermistor block and then forming second metal layers with a three-layer structure on the first metal layers so as to have edge parts that are formed directly in contact with a surface area of the thermistor block and will reduce its normal temperature resistance value. The first and second metal layers are each of a three-layer structure with a lower layer made of a metal with resistance against soldering heat, a middle layer made of a metal with both wettability to solder and resistance against soldering heat, and an upper layer made of a metal having wettability to solder.

Abstract: A method for use with digital automated test equipment for measuring an asynchronous analog frequency, which analog frequency may be up to at least four times the operational frequency of the digital automated test equipment. From test vectors related to the frequency of interest known to represent good components, a pattern of test vectors with randomly assigned timing sets is created. Then, the maximum number of counts and the period increment is set. The selected pattern of test vectors are then applied to the unit under test and the received waveforms compared to the stored patterns. If there is no match, the period of the timing sets within the frequency range of interest is adjusted by a predetermined increment, and the test is repeated until there is a match. Since the period is now known, the frequency of the asynchronous analog signal can be calculated.

Abstract: A carton packaging is provided. The carton defines a first direction and a second direction. The first direction of the carton is wrapped up by a first P.P. tape and the second direction of the carton is wrapped up by a second P.P. tape. The first P.P. tape intersects with the second P.P. tape at overlapping portions. The first P.P. tape is bonded to the second P.P. tape at the overlapping portions by an ultrasonic wave heating procedure to prevent the detachment of the first P.P. tape from the second P.P. tape without leaving destructive marks.

Abstract: A form-fill-seal packaging machine produces a dummy bag from a film by starting to move seal jaws after the film has been pulled over a specified length or for a specified length of time from the moment when an eye mark on the film is detected by a detector. If the position on the film at which it was cut is displaced from the intended position, this displacement is inputted such that the specified length or the specified length of time is automatically corrected. If any of the parameters defining the pattern of transverse sealing operation is changed, the specified length or the specified length of time can also be automatically adjusted.

Abstract: CLNH5-specific hybridomas, human monoclonal antibodies and their uses are provided. The antibodies distinguish a human neoplastic cell from a normal cell of the same tissue type. The monoclonal antibodies find use in therapy and diagnosis, both in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: As a specific application of a new memory architecture, an array of non-volatile dual floating gate memory cells is arranged on a semiconductor substrate with global bit lines extending in a column direction that are either permanently connected, or connectable through transistor switches, to short source and drain diffusions that are oriented in the row direction between the global bit lines. Multiple columns of memory cells are positioned between the global bit lines. Bit selection lines oriented in the column direction are connected to the gates of select transistors within the memory cells. Word lines individually extend over one or two rows of floating gates. This arrangement provides a very small array that allows for future scaling. It also enables the use of metal lines strapped to the global bit line diffusions, and to polysilicon word lines to reduce their resistance, without imposing their larger pitch on other array elements.

Abstract: An electrically conductive paste for use as a conductive material in multi-layered ceramic substrate is formed with an organic vehicle and electrically conductive Cu particles mixed with particles of a refractory metal such as Ni, Pd, W and Mo having a higher melting point than Cu. An electrically conductive film material can be obtained by subjecting such a paste to a firing process in a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as a N.sub.2 atmosphere.

Abstract: GRIN lenses are made by an ion/exchange process. In order to make a GRIN lens whose gradient index varies slowly radially, a cylindrical glass rod of a sufficiently large diameter is immersed in a salty bath. The size of the lens may be reduced by grinding, polishing or chemically etching away a peripheral optically dispensable portion of the lens away from the axis of the lens so that the outer diameter of the lens is as small as 0.8 millimeters. When such a smaller lens is used in optical components such as circulators, switches, WDM's and isolators, such optical devices would also be reduced in size to fit within a limited space.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus for uniformly polishing the whole of a target surface of a semiconductor wafer includes a wafer holder for holding a wafer by adsorption and a pad to which the wafer holder is compressed while rotating. Between a rotary shaft for the apparatus and the wafer holder is a mechanism for allowing the orientation of the wafer holder to change with an increased degree of freedom. This mechanism is formed with a container filled with a liquid and attached to the lower end of the rotary shaft and an elastic member which seals the liquid in the container.

Abstract: A mass storage system made of flash electrically erasable and programmable read only memory ("EEPROM") cells organized into blocks, the blocks in turn being grouped into memory banks, is managed to even out the numbers of erase and rewrite cycles experienced by the memory banks in order to extend the service lifetime of the memory system. Since this type of memory cell becomes unusable after a finite number of erase and rewrite cycles, although in the tens of thousands of cycles, uneven use of the memory banks is avoided so that the entire memory does not become inoperative because one of its banks has reached its end of life while others of the banks are little used. Relative use of the memory banks is monitored and, in response to detection of uneven use, have their physical addresses periodically swapped for each other in order to even out their use over the lifetime of the memory.

Abstract: In an optical scanning system for detecting particles and pattern defects on a sample surface, a light beam is focused to an illuminated spot on the surface and the spot is scanned across the surface along a scan line. A detector is positioned adjacent to the surface to collect scattered light from the spot where the detector includes a one- or two-dimensional array of sensors. Light scattered from the illuminated spot at each of a plurality of positions along the scan line is focused onto a corresponding sensor in the array. A plurality of detectors symmetrically placed with respect to the illuminating beam detect laterally and forward scattered light from the spot. The spot is scanned over arrays of scan line segments shorter than the dimensions of the surface. A bright field channel enables the adjustment of the height of the sample surface to correct for errors caused by height variations of the surface.

Abstract: A modular rocket motor having a cylindrical housing with one end having an inwardly curved rim and the other end having internal threads. A heat-resistant plastic liner and a threaded nozzle cap are slidingly insertable with the cylindrical housing, with the threaded nozzle cap mating with the internal threads of the cylindrical housing. The motor is threaded into a rocket frame. A nozzle cap with liner attached thereto for a modular rocket motor that is colour coded to indicate the performance classification of the rocket motor.

Abstract: Electrodes on both ends of a thermistor chip element each have a first metal layer formed on the thermistor chip element and a second metal layer which has a smaller area than the first metal layer and is formed on the first metal layer such that the mutually opposite edge parts of the first metal layers are exposed. Third metal layers are formed over the second metal layers. A fourth metal layer may be formed between the first and second metal layers.

Abstract: In a process of selectively removing material from an exposed layer carried by a substrate, a technique for determining endpoint by monitoring the intensity of a radiation beam that is passed through the substrate and any intervening layers to be reflected off the layer being processed. This monitoring technique is used during photoresist developing, wet etching, and mechanical planarization and polishing during the manufacture of integrated circuits on semiconductor wafers, flat panel displays on glass substrates, and similar articles. Planarization and polishing processes are alternatively monitored by monitoring temperature.

Abstract: Sorting apparatus has a conveyor belt or equivalent mechanism for moving particles at a speed sufficient to generate a stream of particles in air, which particles can be graded such that selected material can be removed. The grading or sorting is conducted by a primary scanning system for analysing light reflected from particles in the stream in a plurality of wavelength ranges. Ejectors for removing particles from the stream are disposed downstream of the scanning system, and are instructed in response to signals received from the scanning system. An auxiliary scanning system is also included to establish the presence of material in the stream, and in the event that a void is detected in a given region, then the analysis of that region by the primary scanning system and any corresponding activation of the ejectors is inhibited.

Abstract: A resistor element has a ceramic body with a first outer electrode and a second outer electrode formed on its mutually opposite externally facing end surfaces and a plurality of mutually oppositely facing pairs of inner electrodes inside the ceramic body. Each of these pairs has a first inner electrode extending horizontally from the first outer electrode and a second inner electrode extending horizontally from the second outer electrode towards the first outer electrode and having a front end opposite and separated from the first inner electrode by a gap of a specified width, these plurality of pairs forming layers in a vertical direction. The gap of at least one of these plurality of pairs of inner electrodes is horizontally displaced from but overlapping with the gaps between the other pairs of inner electrodes. For producing such a resistor element, the distance of displacement is set according to a given target resistance value intended to be had by the resistor element.

Abstract: A fixture for use in assembling a first element and a second element is provided. The first element is substantially in shaft type and the second element includes a sleeve defining an axial channel. The first element is received within the axial channel in a non-engagement condition before assembly. The assembly fixture includes a lower mold device and an upper mold device. The lower mold device is used to place the first element and the second element in a non-engagement condition before assembly. The upper mold device includes a rotatable concentricity alignment device. As the upper mode device and lower mold device are operated under a mold-press condition, the concentricity alignment device automatically performs concentricity alignment procedure of first element with regard to the sleeve of the second element and accomplishes the press fit process.